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Original Articles

Sciatic pain and the piriformis muscle

Pages 69-72 | Published online: 16 May 2016

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

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Brent S. E. Rich & Douglas McKeag. (1992) When Sciatica Is Not Disk Disease. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 20:10, pages 104-115.
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Robert Godfrey & Marvin L. Auerback. (1991) Letters to the Editor. Hospital Practice 26:9, pages 10-10.
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Articles from other publishers (92)

Mansee S Dangare, Nikita Gangwani, Priya Tikhile, Anushka P Bhagwat, Mitushi Deshmukh & Pratik Phansopkar. (2024) Restoring Functionality: A Case Report on Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation for L5-S1 Anterolisthesis Management. Cureus.
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Byung-chul Son. (2024) Importance of Sacrotuberous Ligament in Transgluteal Approach for Sciatic Nerve Entrapment in the Greater Sciatic Notch (Piriformis Syndrome). Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 67:2, pages 217-226.
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William J. Naber, Cheri L. Netzloff & Rishi R. Bakshi. (2023) Atypical Cause for Back Pain and Sciatica in a 35-Yr-Old Woman With Fibromyalgia. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 102:8, pages e103-e105.
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Connie Hsu, Sean Schowalter, Johnny Jarnagin, Ashwin N. Babu & Dana H. Kotler. (2023) Buttock Pain in Athletes: a Narrative Review. Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports 11:3, pages 280-291.
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Upasana Upadhyay Bharadwaj, Vanja Varenika, William Carson, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Simon Ammanuel, Matthew Bucknor, Nathaniel M. Robbins, Vanja Douglas & Cynthia T. Chin. (2023) Variant Sciatic Nerve Anatomy in Relation to the Piriformis Muscle on Magnetic Resonance Neurography: A Potential Etiology for Extraspinal Sciatica. Tomography 9:2, pages 475-484.
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Tannaz Ahadi, Arastoo Yousefi, Simin Sajadi, Naseh Yousefi & Arash Babaei-Ghazani. (2023) Comparing radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy and corticosteroid injection in the treatment of piriformis syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 33, pages 182-188.
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Mark H. Greenberg, Alvin Lee Day & Suliman AlradawiMark H. Greenberg, Alvin Lee Day & Suliman Alradawi. 2023. Manual of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. Manual of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound 461 472 .
Katarzyna Szymak, Michał Puliński, Wojciech Choiński & Michał Szostawicki. (2022) Abscess of the piriformis muscle in a 14-year old boy - a transrectal drainage method under transabdominal ultrasound guidance. Polish Annals of Medicine, pages 1-5.
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Gamze Gül Güleç, Kübra Neslihan Kurt Oktay, İlknur Aktaş & Barış Yılmaz. (2022) Visualizing Anatomic Variants of the Sciatic Nerve Using Diagnostic Ultrasound During Piriformis Muscle Injection: An Example of 4 Cases. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 21:3, pages 213-219.
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Khushboo Gulzar, Farooq Islam, Asim Raza Thakur, Maha Shaheen, Muhammad Shaharyar Ashar & Sheikh Shahzab. (2022) Prevalence of Piriformis Tightness in Sciatic Patients. Pakistan BioMedical Journal.
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Bahman JabbariBahman Jabbari. 2022. Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Pain Disorders. Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Pain Disorders 255 267 .
Philip Peng & Danilo Jankovic. 2022. Regional Nerve Blocks in Anesthesia and Pain Therapy. Regional Nerve Blocks in Anesthesia and Pain Therapy 509 518 .
Ambarin Pirjade. (2021) Effectiveness of Hip Muscle Strengthening and Backward walking in Pirformis Syndrome. International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 6:4, pages 573-579.
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Song-Mi Park, Sue-un Jung, Jung-Hyeon Park, Hyun-jeong Do & K.M.D. Sung-Woo Cho. (2021) Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Acupotomy for Piriformis Muscle Syndrome. Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation 31:2, pages 25-40.
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Anil Pande, RathipriyaAnnan Gopinath, Sheena Ali, R Adithyan, Senguttuvan Pandian & Siddhartha Ghosh. (2021) Piriformis Syndrome and Variants – A Comprehensive Review on Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of Spinal Surgery 8:4, pages 7.
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Elizabeth Hogan, Darshan Vora & Jonathan H. Sherman. (2020) A minimally invasive surgical approach for the treatment of piriformis syndrome: a case series. Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 6:1.
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Shanna E. Williams, John Swetenburg, T. Alexander Blackwell, Zachary Reynolds & Asa C. BlackJr.Jr.. (2020) Posterior femoral cutaneous neuropathy in piriformis syndrome: A vascular hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses 144, pages 109924.
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Mohammed Sadiq, Syed Azher Hussain & P Meganath. (2020) ‘Hand on hip’ sign: A novel screening test and diagnostic tool in piriformis syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation, pages 221049172096111.
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Aftab Younus, Adrian Kelly & Patrick lekgwara. (2020) A minimally invasive open surgical approach for piriformis syndrome. A case report and literature review. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 21, pages 100720.
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Jung Wee ParkYoung-Kyun LeeYun Jong Lee, Seunghwan ShinYusuhn Kang & Kyung-Hoi Koo. (2020) Deep gluteal syndrome as a cause of posterior hip pain and sciatica-like pain. The Bone & Joint Journal 102-B:5, pages 556-567.
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Delaram Safarpour & Bahman Jabbari. 2020. Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Surgery, Dentistry, and Veterinary Medicine. Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Surgery, Dentistry, and Veterinary Medicine 131 156 .
Anuj Bhatia & Philip Peng. 2020. Ultrasound for Interventional Pain Management. Ultrasound for Interventional Pain Management 93 107 .
Daniel Probst, Alison Stout & Devyani Hunt. (2019) Piriformis Syndrome: A Narrative Review of the Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Treatment. PM&R 11:S1.
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Luis Pérez-Carro, Moisés Fernández Hernando, Hermelinda Fernandez Escajadillo, Luis Cerezal, Ivan Saenz Navarro, Ana Alfonso Fernández, Alexander Ortiz Castillo & William Henry Márquez-Arabia. 2019. Posterior Hip Disorders. Posterior Hip Disorders 1 27 .
Yasaman Safarpour & Bahman Jabbari. (2018) Botulinum toxin treatment of pain syndromes –an evidence based review. Toxicon 147, pages 120-128.
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Dost Khan & Ariana Nelson. 2018. Essentials of Pain Medicine. Essentials of Pain Medicine 613 618.e1 .
Chin-Wern Chan & Philip W. H. Peng. 2018. Atlas of Ultrasound-Guided Procedures in Interventional Pain Management. Atlas of Ultrasound-Guided Procedures in Interventional Pain Management 167 180 .
Loren M. Fishman, Allen N. Wilkins & Bernard Rosner. (2017) Electrophysiologically identified piriformis syndrome is successfully treated with incobotulinum toxin a and physical therapy. Muscle & Nerve 56:2, pages 258-263.
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Vanja Varenika, Amelie M. Lutz, Christopher F. Beaulieu & Matthew D. Bucknor. (2017) Detection and prevalence of variant sciatic nerve anatomy in relation to the piriformis muscle on MRI. Skeletal Radiology 46:6, pages 751-757.
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Omar El Abd, João E. D. Amadera, Daniel Camargo Pimentel & Amit Bhargava. 2017. Hip Joint Restoration. Hip Joint Restoration 299 314 .
E. Bevilacqua Alén, A. Diz Villar, F. Curt Nuño, G. Illodo Miramontes, F.J. Refojos Arencibia & J.M. López González. (2016) Inyección ecoguiada del músculo piriforme. Un nuevo abordaje. Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación 63:10, pages 594-598.
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Lakshmi Vas, Renuka Pai, Kirti S. Pawar & Manorama Pattnaik. (2016) “Piriformis Syndrome”: Is It Only Piriformis?. Pain Medicine 17:9, pages 1775-1779.
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Eoghan McCarthy, Tarek M. Hegazi, Adam C. Zoga, William B. Morrison, William C. Meyers, Alex E. Poor, Mika T. Nevalainen & Johannes B. Roedl. (2016) Ultrasound-guided Interventions for Core and Hip Injuries in Athletes. Radiologic Clinics of North America 54:5, pages 875-892.
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Jeffrey M. Payne. (2016) Ultrasound-Guided Hip Procedures. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 27:3, pages 607-629.
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Bryan Heiderscheit & Shane McClinton. (2016) Evaluation and Management of Hip and Pelvis Injuries. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 27:1, pages 1-29.
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Julio Rosales, Nicolás García, Claudio Rafols, Marcelo Pérez & Marco A. Verdugo. (2015) Perisciatic Ultrasound‐Guided Infiltration for Treatment of Deep Gluteal Syndrome. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 34:11, pages 2093-2097.
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TO Misirlioglu, D Palamar & K Akgun. (2015) Piriformis syndrome in an incomplete paraplegic patient: a case report. Spinal Cord Series and Cases 1:1.
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Efstathios Drampalos, Muhammad Sadiq, Thomas Thompson, Alexander Lomax & Ashok Paul. (2014) Intrapiriformis lipoma: an unusual cause of piriformis syndrome. European Spine Journal 24:S4, pages 551-554.
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Danilo Jankovic & Philip PengDanilo Jankovic & Philip W. H. Peng. 2015. Regional Nerve Blocks in Anesthesia and Pain Therapy. Regional Nerve Blocks in Anesthesia and Pain Therapy 717 735 .
Bahman JabbariBahman Jabbari. 2015. Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Pain Disorders. Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Pain Disorders 99 108 .
V.E. Ortiz Sánchez, L.M. Charco Roca, A. Soria Quiles, E. Zafrilla Disla & F. Hernandez Mira. (2014) Síndrome piramidal y variaciones anatómicas como causa de dolor ciático insidioso. Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación 61:9, pages 521-524.
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Hong-Jen Chiou, Yi-Hong Chou, Hsin-Kai Wang & Yi-Chen Lai. (2014) Chronic musculoskeletal pain: Ultrasound guided pain control. Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica 52:3, pages 114-133.
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Subhasis Ranjan Mitra, Souvik Roy, Alok Sovon Dutta, Arijit Ghosh, Rajib Roy & Amit Kumar Jha. (2014) PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME: A REVIEW. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3:14, pages 3804-3814.
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Konstantinos Natsis, Trifon Totlis, George A. Konstantinidis, George Paraskevas, Maria Piagkou & Juergen Koebke. (2013) Anatomical variations between the sciatic nerve and the piriformis muscle: a contribution to surgical anatomy in piriformis syndrome. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 36:3, pages 273-280.
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Danilo Jankovic, Philip Peng & André van Zundert. (2013) Brief review: Piriformis syndrome: etiology, diagnosis, and managementArticle de synthèse court: Le syndrome du muscle piriforme – étiologie, diagnostic et prise en charge. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 60:10, pages 1003-1012.
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Samarjit Dey, Saurav Das & Prithwis Bhattacharyya. (2013) PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME: A CLINICAL REVIEW. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2:15, pages 2502-2508.
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Chee Kean Chen & Abd J. Nizar. (2012) Prevalence of Piriformis Syndrome in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients. A Clinical Diagnosis with Modified FAIR Test. Pain Practice 13:4, pages 276-281.
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Concepcion Pérez Hernández, Noelia Sánchez, Ana Navarro-Siguero & María Teresa Saldaña. 2013. Managing Sciatica and Radicular Pain in Primary Care Practice. Managing Sciatica and Radicular Pain in Primary Care Practice 17 31 .
Yun-Tai Lin & Tyng-Guey Wang. (2012) Ultrasonographic Examination of the Adult Hip. Journal of Medical Ultrasound 20:4, pages 201-209.
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T. A. Miller, K. P. White & D. C. Ross. (2014) The Diagnosis and Management of Piriformis Syndrome: Myths and Facts. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 39:5, pages 577-583.
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Lindsey Cassidy, Andrew Walters, Kathleen Bubb, Mohammadali M. Shoja, R. Shane Tubbs & Marios Loukas. (2012) Piriformis syndrome: implications of anatomical variations, diagnostic techniques, and treatment options. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 34:6, pages 479-486.
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Anne Marie McKenzie-Brown, Kiran Chekka & Honorio T. Benzon. 2012. Spinal Injections &amp Peripheral Nerve Blocks. Spinal Injections &amp Peripheral Nerve Blocks 216 223 .
Carl P.C. Chen, Chia-Yi Shen & Henry L. Lew. (2011) Ultrasound-Guided Injection of the Piriformis Muscle. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 90:10, pages 871-872.
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Carl P.C. Chen, Henry L. Lew, Wen-Chung Tsai, Yu-Ting Hung & Chih-Chin Hsu. (2011) Ultrasound-Guided Injection Techniques for the Low Back and Hip Joint. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 90:10, pages 860-867.
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Chan Hong Park, Sang Ho Lee, Sang Chul Lee & Hahck Soo Park. (2011) Piriformis Muscle: Clinical Anatomy with Computed Tomography in Korean Population. The Korean Journal of Pain 24:2, pages 87-92.
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Hongtao Michael Guo, Jodi J. Hawes & Martin K. Childers. 2011. Pain Procedures in Clinical Practice. Pain Procedures in Clinical Practice 97 110 .
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Kevork Hopayian, Fujian Song, Ricardo Riera & Sidha Sambandan. (2010) The clinical features of the piriformis syndrome: a systematic review. European Spine Journal 19:12, pages 2095-2109.
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Jason C. Tonley, Steven M. Yun, Ronald J. Kochevar, Jeremy A. Dye, Shawn Farrokhi & Christopher M. Powers. (2010) Treatment of an Individual With Piriformis Syndrome Focusing on Hip Muscle Strengthening and Movement Reeducation: A Case Report. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 40:2, pages 103-111.
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Ryan J. Halpin & Aruna Ganju. (2009) PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME. Neurosurgery 65:4, pages A197-A202.
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E. N. Thomas, C. Cyteval, A. Remy, C. Herisson & F. Blotman. (2009) Syndrome myofascial du muscle piriforme et sciatalgie persistante chez le lombalgique en rééducationMyofascial syndrome affecting the piriformis presenting as persistent sciatica in the rehabilitation patient with low back pain. La Lettre de médecine physique et de réadaptation 25:3, pages 158-161.
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Jonathan T. Bravman, Hector Mejia, Vikas V. Patel & Venu Akuthota. 2009. Nerve and Vascular Injuries in Sports Medicine. Nerve and Vascular Injuries in Sports Medicine 171 182 .
J.L. Ruiz-Arranz, I. Alfonso-Venzalá & J. Villalón-Ogayar. (2008) Síndrome del músculo piramidal. Diagnóstico y tratamiento. Presentación de 14 casos. Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología 52:6, pages 359-365.
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Jonathan T. Finnoff, Mark Friedrich B. Hurdle & Jay Smith. (2008) Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Versus Fluoroscopically Guided Contrast-Controlled Piriformis Injections. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 27:8, pages 1157-1163.
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