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Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Volume 32, 1980 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

The effects of graphemic and phonemic similarity between targets and masks in a backward visual masking paradigm

Peter Naish Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13 UD
Pages 57-68 | Received 15 May 1979, Published online: 29 May 2007

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Lucia Colombo, Marco Zorzi, Roberto Cubelli & Cristina Brivio. (2003) The status of consonants and vowels in phonological assembly: Testing the two-cycles model with Italian. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 15:3, pages 405-433.
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Ayse Ayçiçeği & Catherine L. Harris. (2002) How are letters containing diacritics represented? Repetition blindness for Turkish words. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 14:3, pages 371-382.
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Conrad Perry & Johannes C. Ziegler. (2002) On the nature of phonological assembly: Evidence from backward masking. Language and Cognitive Processes 17:1, pages 31-59.
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Jonathan Grainger & Arthur M. Jacobs. (1999) Temporal Integration of Information in Orthographic Priming. Visual Cognition 6:3-4, pages 461-492.
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Ludovic Ferrand & Jonathan Grainger. (1994) Effects of orthography are independent of phonology in masked form priming. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 47:2, pages 365-382.
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Ludovic Ferrand & Jonathan Grainger. (1992) Phonology and orthography in visual word recognition: Evidence from masked non-word priming. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 45:3, pages 353-372.
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Georgije Lukatela & M.T. Turvey. (1990) Automatic and pre-lexical computation of phonology in visual word identification. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2:4, pages 325-343.
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Articles from other publishers (52)

Riku Asaoka. (2023) Stimulus (dis)similarity can modify the effect of a task-irrelevant sandwiching stimulus on the perceived duration of brief visual stimuli. Experimental Brain Research 241:3, pages 889-903.
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Ying Mei, Yuqian Dai & Yi Lei. (2019) The Influence of Hierarchical Masks on Masked Repetition Priming: Evidence From Event-Related Potential Investigation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13.
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John Evar Strid & James Booth. (2007) The Effect of Phonological Structure on Visual Word Access in Bilinguals. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 36:5, pages 383-409.
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Peter Naish. (2003) Temporal constraints in human information processing. Kimron Shapiro (Ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, 2001. No. of pages: 249+x. ISBN 0‐19‐850516‐9. Price £27.50 (paperback). Applied Cognitive Psychology 17:6, pages 753-754.
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Timothy A. Keller, Patricia A. Carpenter & Marcel Adam Just. (2003) Brain imaging of tongue-twister sentence comprehension: Twisting the tongue and the brain. Brain and Language 84:2, pages 189-203.
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Benjamin Xu, Jordan Grafman, William Davis Gaillard, Marianna Spanaki, Kenji Ishii, Lyn Balsamo, Milan Makale & William H. Theodore. (2002) Neuroimaging Reveals Automatic Speech Coding during Perception of Written Word Meaning. NeuroImage 17:2, pages 859-870.
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Ludovic Ferrand. 2001. Cognition et lecture. Cognition et lecture 349 366 .
Lucia Colombo. 2000. Reading as a Perceptual Process. Reading as a Perceptual Process 377 397 .
Benjamin Xu & Charles A. Perfetti. (1999) Nonstrategic subjective threshold effects in phonemic masking. Memory & Cognition 27:1, pages 26-36.
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Li-Hai Tan & Charles A. Perfetti. 1998. Cognitive Processing of the Chinese and the Japanese Languages. Cognitive Processing of the Chinese and the Japanese Languages 11 46 .
Daushen Ju & Nancy Ewald Jackson. (2016) Graphic and Phonological Processing in Chinese Character Identification. Journal of Reading Behavior 27:3, pages 299-313.
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Deborah McCutchen, Emily Dibble & Martha M. Blount. (2006) Phonemic effects in reading comprehension and text memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology 8:6, pages 597-611.
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Mira Peter & M. T. Turvey. (1994) Phonological codes are early sources of constraint in visual semantic categorization. Perception & Psychophysics 55:5, pages 497-504.
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Georgije Lukatela, Katerina Lukatela & M. T. Turvey. (1993) Further evidence for phonological constraints on visual lexical access: TOWED primes FROG. Perception & Psychophysics 53:5, pages 461-466.
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Charles A. Perfetti, Sulan Zhang & Iris Berent. 1992. Orthography, Phonology, Morphology, and Meaning. Orthography, Phonology, Morphology, and Meaning 227 248 .
Claudia Carello, M.T. Turvey & Georgije Lukatela. 1992. Orthography, Phonology, Morphology, and Meaning. Orthography, Phonology, Morphology, and Meaning 211 226 .
Marc Brysbaert & Caroline Praet. (1992) Reading isolated words: No evidence for automatic incorporation of the phonetic code. Psychological Research 54:2, pages 91-102.
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Charles A. Perfetti & Laura Bell. (1991) Phonemic activation during the first 40 ms of word identification: Evidence from backward masking and priming. Journal of Memory and Language 30:4, pages 473-485.
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Norman Segalowitz & Martine Hébert. (2006) Phonological Recoding in the First and Second Language Reading of Skilled Bilinguals *. Language Learning 40:4, pages 503-538.
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Charles A Perfetti, Laura C Bell & Suzanne M Delaney. (1988) Automatic (prelexical) phonetic activation in silent word reading: Evidence from backward masking. Journal of Memory and Language 27:1, pages 59-70.
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Daniel Holender. (2010) Conceptual, experimental, and theoretical indeterminacies in research on semantic activation without conscious identification. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 50-66.
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George Wolford. (2010) A review of the literature with and without awareness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 49-50.
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Geoffrey Underwood. (2010) Facilitation or inhibition from parafoveal words?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 48-49.
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Keith E. Stanovich & Dean G. Purcell. (2010) Priming without awareness: What was all the fuss about?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 47-48.
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Keith Rayner. (2010) Against semantic preprocessing in parafoveal vision. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 46-47.
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Kenneth R. Paap. (2010) The pilfering of awareness and guilt by association. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 45-46.
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David Navon. (2010) On determining what is unconscious and what is perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 44-45.
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R. Näätänen. (2010) Processing of the unattended message during selective dichotic listening. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 43-44.
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John Morton. (2010) What do you mean by conscious?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 43-43.
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Philip M. Merikle & Jim Cheesman. (2010) Consciousness is a “subjective” state. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 42-42.
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George W. McConkie. (2010) Semantic activation and reading. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 41-42.
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Anthony J. Marcel. (2010) Consciousness and processing: Choosing and testing a null hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 40-41.
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Neil A. Macmillan. (2010) The psychophysics of subliminal perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 38-39.
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Stephen J. Lupker. (2010) Conscious identification: Where do you draw the line?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 37-38.
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Richard Latto & John Campion. (2010) Approaches to consciousness: Psychophysics or philosophy?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 36-37.
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William A. Johnston. (2010) Semantic activation, consciousness, and attention. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 35-36.
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Albrecht Werner Inhoff. (2010) Attentional orienting precedes conscious identification. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 35-35.
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Carol A. Fowler. (2010) An operational definition of conscious awareness must be responsible to subjective experience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 33-35.
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Ira Fischler. (2010) Knowing and knowing you know: Better methods or better models?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 32-33.
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Lindsay J. Evett, Glyn W. Humphreys & Philip T. Quinlan. (2010) Identification, masking, and priming: Clarifying the issues. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 31-32.
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Matthew Hugh Erdelyi. (2010) Experimental indeterminacies in the dissociation paradigm of subliminal perception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 30-31.
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Norman F. Dixon. (2010) On private events and brain events. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 29-30.
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Robert G. Crowder. (2010) A history of subliminal perception in autobiography. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 28-29.
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Raymond S. Corteen. (2010) Electrodermal responses to words in an irrelevant message: A partial reappraisal. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 27-28.
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Thomas H. Carr & Dale Dagenbach. (2010) Now you see it, now you don't: Relations between semantic activation and awareness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 26-27.
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Bruce Bridgeman. (2010) Theories of visual masking. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 25-26.
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Edoardo Bisiach. (2010) Through the looking-glass and what cognitive psychology found there. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 24-25.
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David A. Balota. (2010) Unconscious semantic processing: The pendulum keeps on swinging. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 23-24.
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Daniel Holender. (2010) Semantic activation without conscious identification in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey and appraisal. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:1, pages 1-23.
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. 1983. The Psychology of Reading. The Psychology of Reading 432 480 .
Deborah McCutchen & Charles A. Perfetti. (1982) The visual tongue-twister effect: Phonological activation in silent reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 21:6, pages 672-687.
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CHARLES A. PERFETTI & DEBORAH McCUTCHEN. 1982. 237 269 .

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