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Personal Motivation Gone Awry: Burnout in Competitive Athletes

Daniel Gould Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412-500s1
Pages 275-289 | Published online: 20 Apr 2012

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Marte Bentzen, Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre & Göran Kenttä. (2016) Changes in Motivation and Burnout Indices in High-Performance Coaches Over the Course of a Competitive Season. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 28:1, pages 28-48.
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Javier Fernandez-Rio, Jose A. Cecchini Estrada, Antonio Mendez-Giménez, Benjamín Fernández-Garcia & Pablo Saavedra. (2014) 2×2 Dominant achievement goal profiles in high-level swimmers. European Journal of Sport Science 14:3, pages 265-272.
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Bianca L. Segatto, Catherine M. Sabiston, William J. Harvey & Gordon A. Bloom. (2013) Exploring relationships among distress, psychological growth, motivation, and physical activity among transplant recipients. Disability and Rehabilitation 35:24, pages 2097-2103.
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J. D. DeFreese & AlanL. Smith. (2013) Areas of Worklife and the Athlete Burnout-Engagement Relationship. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 25:2, pages 180-196.
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AndrewP. Hill & PaulR. Appleton. (2011) The predictive ability of the frequency of perfectionistic cognitions, self-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism in relation to symptoms of burnout in youth rugby players. Journal of Sports Sciences 29:7, pages 695-703.
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Chris Lonsdale, Ken Hodge & Elaine Rose. (2009) Athlete burnout in elite sport: A self-determination perspective. Journal of Sports Sciences 27:8, pages 785-795.
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AshleyE. Stirling & GretchenA. Kerr. (2008) Elite Female Swimmers' Experiences of Emotional Abuse Across Time. Journal of Emotional Abuse 7:4, pages 89-113.
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Frank Brady. (2004) Children's Organized Sports: A Developmental Perspective. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 75:2, pages 35-41.
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Christine M. Habeeb, Jordan Barbee & Thomas D. Raedeke. (2023) Association of parent, coach, and peer motivational climate with high school athlete burnout and engagement: Comparing mediation and moderation models. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 68, pages 102471.
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Aldijana Bunjak, Matej Černe, Noemi NagyHeike Bruch. (2021) Job demands and burnout: The multilevel boundary conditions of collective trust and competitive pressure. Human Relations 76:5, pages 657-688.
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Adson Alves da Silva, Gabriel Lucas Morais Freire, José Fernando Vila Nova de Moraes, Leonardo de Souza Fortes, Rodrigo Gustavo da Silva Carvalho & José Roberto Andrade do Nascimento Junio. (2021) Association of Coping Strategies With Symptoms of Burnout in Young Football Players in a Career Transition Phase: Are Professionalization and Occurrence of Injuries Mediating Factors?. The Sport Psychologist 35:3, pages 213-222.
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J.D. DeFreese & Alan L. Smith. (2021) A Person-Centered Exploration of Athlete Burnout Across a Competitive Season. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 15:2, pages 89-104.
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Timothy Neal. 2021. Football Injuries. Football Injuries 349 368 .
Robert C. Eklund1 & J. D. DeFreese. 2020. Handbook of Sport Psychology. Handbook of Sport Psychology 1220 1240 .
Gro Jordalen, Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre, Natalie Durand-Bush & Andreas Ivarsson. (2020) The Temporal Ordering of Motivation and Self-Control: A Cross-Lagged Effects Model. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 42:2, pages 102-113.
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Orhan Efe Ozenc. 2020. Game User Experience And Player-Centered Design. Game User Experience And Player-Centered Design 77 120 .
Seongkwan Cho, Hunhyuk Choi & Youngsook Kim. (2019) The Relationship between Perceived Coaching Behaviors, Competitive Trait Anxiety, and Athlete Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16:8, pages 1424.
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Brett J. Parton & David L. Neumann. (2019) The effects of competitiveness and challenge level on virtual reality rowing performance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 41, pages 191-199.
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Javier Fernández-Rio, Jose A. Cecchini & Antonio Méndez-Giménez. (2017) Does Context, Practice or Competition Affect Female Athletes’ Achievement Goal Dominance, Goal Pursuit, Burnout and Motivation?. Journal of Human Kinetics 59:1, pages 91-105.
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Joaquin Gómez-Miñambres & Eric Schniter. (2017) Emotions and Behavior Regulation in Decision Dilemmas. Games 8:2, pages 22.
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Andrew P. Hill & Thomas Curran. (2015) Multidimensional Perfectionism and Burnout. Personality and Social Psychology Review 20:3, pages 269-288.
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Sharon BarakNuria Mendoza-LaizMaria Teresa Gutierrez FuentesMaria RubieraYeshayahu Huyzler. (2016) Psychosocial effects of competitive Boccia program in persons with severe chronic disability. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 53:6, pages 973-988.
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Siwan Han, Hyungil H. Kwon & JeongAe You. (2015) Where are We Going?: Narrative Accounts of Female High School Student-Athletes in the Republic of Korea. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 10:6, pages 1071-1087.
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Timothy L. NealAlex B. DiamondScott GoldmanKarl D. LiedtkaKembra MathisEric D. MorseMargot PutukianEric QuandtStacey J. RitterJohn P. SullivanVictor Welzant. (2015) Interassociation Recommendations for Developing a Plan to Recognize and Refer Student-Athletes With Psychological Concerns at the Secondary School Level: A Consensus Statement. Journal of Athletic Training 50:3, pages 231-249.
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Heiko Ziemainz, Amely Drescher, Melanie Schipfer & Oliver Stoll. (2015) An Explorative Study of Possible Demographic Variables, Sports-Related Sit-uational Variables, and Social Variables as Predictors of Athlete Burnout and Its Core Dimensions among German Non-Elite Endurance Athletes. Advances in Physical Education 05:01, pages 60-69.
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Sandrine Isoard-Gautheur & Emma Guillet-Descas. (2014) Athlete burnout and motivational dynamics: a multiple case follow-up study among elite BMX riders. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 9:1, pages 31-42.
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J.D. DeFreese & Alan L. Smith. (2013) Teammate social support, burnout, and self-determined motivation in collegiate athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14:2, pages 258-265.
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Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre & Jean Fournier. 2013. Améliorer sa récupération en sport. Améliorer sa récupération en sport 71 82 .
Sandrine Isoard-Gautheur, Emma Guillet-Descas & Joan L. Duda. (2013) How to achieve in elite training centers without burning out? An achievement goal theory perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14:1, pages 72-83.
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Thomas Curran, Paul R. Appleton, Andrew P. Hill & Howard K. Hall. (2011) Passion and burnout in elite junior soccer players: The mediating role of self-determined motivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 12:6, pages 655-661.
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Helen Jõesaar, Vello Hein & Martin S. Hagger. (2011) Peer influence on young athletes’ need satisfaction, intrinsic motivation and persistence in sport: A 12-month prospective study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 12:5, pages 500-508.
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Eleanor Quested & Joan L. Duda. (2011) Antecedents of burnout among elite dancers: A longitudinal test of basic needs theory. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 12:2, pages 159-167.
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Paul R. Appleton, Howard K. Hall & Andrew P. Hill. (2009) Relations between multidimensional perfectionism and burnout in junior-elite male athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 10:4, pages 457-465.
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Henrik Gustafsson, Peter Hassmén, Göran Kenttä & Mattias Johansson. (2008) A qualitative analysis of burnout in elite Swedish athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 9:6, pages 800-816.
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Andrew P. Hill, Howard K. Hall, Paul R. Appleton & Stephen A. Kozub. (2008) Perfectionism and burnout in junior elite soccer players: The mediating influence of unconditional self-acceptance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 9:5, pages 630-644.
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Robert C. Eklund & Scott L. Cresswell. 2007. Handbook of Sport Psychology. Handbook of Sport Psychology 621 641 .
Glyn C. Roberts, Darren C. Treasure & David E. Conroy. 2007. Handbook of Sport Psychology. Handbook of Sport Psychology 1 30 .

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