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New Zealand Veterinary Journal Volume 52, 2004 - Issue 5
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Scientific Article

Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 2. Measurement error and effect of training stage on the relationship between objective and subjective criteria of training workload

CW Rogers Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
&
EC Firth Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New ZealandCorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 272-279 | Accepted 04 Jun 2004, Published online: 22 Feb 2011

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Russ Best & Regan Standing. (2019) All things being equal: spatiotemporal differences between Open and Women’s 16-goal Polo. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 19:6, pages 919-929.
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CF Bolwell, CW Rogers, NP French & EC Firth. (2012) Risk factors for interruptions to training occurring before the first trial start of 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 60:4, pages 241-246.
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A Williamson, CW Rogers & EC Firth. (2007) A survey of feeding, management and faecal pH of Thoroughbred racehorses in the North Island of New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 55:6, pages 337-341.
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EC Firth & CW Rogers. (2005) Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. Conclusions. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53:6, pages 377-383.
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NR Perkins, SWJ Reid & RS Morris. (2005) Risk factors for injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon and suspensory apparatus in Thoroughbred racehorses in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53:3, pages 184-192.
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NR Perkins, SWJ Reid & RS Morris. (2005) Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries of the lower limbs in Thoroughbred racehorses in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53:3, pages 171-183.
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A Boyde & EC Firth. (2005) Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 8. Quantitative back-scattered electron scanning electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy of the epiphysis of the third metacarpal bone. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53:2, pages 123-132.
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EC Firth & CW Rogers. (2005) Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 7. Bone and articular cartilage response in the carpus. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53:2, pages 113-122.
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EC Firth, CW Rogers, M Doube & NB Jopson. (2005) Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 6. Bone parameters in the third metacarpal and third metatarsal bones. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53:2, pages 101-112.
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CW Rogers, EC Firth & BH Anderson. (2005) Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 5. Kinematic effects. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 53:2, pages 95-100.
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EC Firth, CW Rogers & BH Anderson. (2004) Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 4. Morphometric, microscopic and biomechanical properties of the digital tendons of the forelimb. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52:5, pages 285-292.
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EC Firth, CW Rogers, NR Perkins, BH Anderson & ND Grace. (2004) Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 1. Study design, and clinical, nutritional, radiological and histological observations. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52:5, pages 261-271.
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Russ Best, Jane M. Williams & Jeni Pearce. (2023) The Physiological Requirements of and Nutritional Recommendations for Equestrian Riders. Nutrients 15:23, pages 4977.
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Esther Siegers, Emma van Wijk, Jan van den Broek, Marianne Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan & Carolien Munsters. (2023) Longitudinal Training and Workload Assessment in Young Friesian Stallions in Relation to Fitness: Part 1. Animals 13:4, pages 689.
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Kylie A. Legg, Darryl J. Cochrane, Erica K. Gee, Paul W. Macdermid & Chris W. Rogers. (2022) Physiological Demands and Muscle Activity of “Track-Work” Riding in Apprentice Jockeys. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 17:12, pages 1698-1705.
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Russ Best. (2022) Within and Between-Tournament Variability in Equestrian Polo. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 119, pages 104144.
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Kylie Legg, Darryl Cochrane, Erica Gee, Paul Macdermid & Chris Rogers. (2022) Physiological Demands and Muscle Activity of Jockeys in Trial and Race Riding. Animals 12:18, pages 2351.
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Ashleigh V. Morrice-West, Peta L. Hitchens, Elizabeth A. Walmsley, Kate Tasker, Ser Lin Lim, Ariel D. Smith & R. Chris Whitton. (2022) Relationship between Thoroughbred workloads in racing and the fatigue life of equine subchondral bone. Scientific Reports 12:1.
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Kylie L. Crawford, Anna Finnane, Ristan M. Greer, Tamsin S. Barnes, Clive J. C. Phillips, Solomon M. Woldeyohannes, Emma L. Bishop, Nigel R. Perkins & Benjamin J. Ahern. (2021) Survival Analysis of Training Methodologies and Other Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Injury in 2-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses in Queensland, Australia. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8.
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Kylie L. Crawford, Anna Finnane, Ristan M. Greer, Clive J. C. Phillips, Emma L. Bishop, Solomon M. Woldeyohannes, Nigel R. Perkins & Benjamin J. Ahern. (2021) A Prospective Study of Training Methods for Two-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses in Queensland, Australia, and Analysis of the Differences in Training Methods between Trainers of Varying Stable Sizes. Animals 11:4, pages 928.
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Anna L. Palmer, Chris W. Rogers, Kevin J. Stafford, Arnon Gal, Darryl J. Cochrane & Charlotte F. Bolwell. (2020) Cross-Sectional Survey of the Training Practices of Racing Greyhounds in New Zealand. Animals 10:11, pages 2032.
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Meredith L. Flash, Adelene S. M. Wong, Mark A. Stevenson & James R. Gilkerson. (2020) Barriers to entering race training before 4 years of age for Thoroughbred horses born in the 2014 Australian foal crop. PLOS ONE 15:8, pages e0237003.
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Russ Best. (2020) Player Heart Rate Responses and Pony External Load Measures during 16-Goal Polo. Data 5:2, pages 34.
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A. V. Morrice‐West, P. L. Hitchens, E. A. Walmsley, M. A. Stevenson & R. C. Whitton. (2019) Training practices, speed and distances undertaken by Thoroughbred racehorses in Victoria, Australia. Equine Veterinary Journal 52:2, pages 273-280.
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Chris W. Rogers, Charlotte F. Bolwell, Erica K. Gee & Sarah M. Rosanowski. (2020) Equine musculoskeletal development and performance: impact of the production system and early training. Animal Production Science 60:18, pages 2069.
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Wilna Labuschagne, Chris W. Rogers, Erica K. Gee & Charlotte F. Bolwell. (2017) A Cross-Sectional Survey of Forelimb Hoof Conformation and the Prevalence of Flat Feet in a Cohort of Thoroughbred Racehorses in New Zealand. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 51, pages 1-7.
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J.W. Bridge, M.L. Peterson & C.W. McIlwraith. (2015) The Effect of Temperature on the Tangent Modulus of Granular Composite Sport Surfaces. Experimental Techniques 39:4, pages 30-37.
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Nicole Verhaar, Chris W. Rogers, Erica K. Gee, Charlotte F. Bolwell & Sarah M. Rosanowski. (2014) The Feeding Practices and Estimated Workload in a Cohort of New Zealand Competition Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34:11-12, pages 1257-1262.
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Sophie H. Bogers, Christopher W. Rogers, Charlotte F. Bolwell, Wendi D. Roe, Erica K. Gee & C. Wayne McIlwraith. (2014) Impact of race training on volumetric bone mineral density and its spatial distribution in the distal epiphysis of the third metatarsal bone of 2-year-old horses. The Veterinary Journal 201:3, pages 353-358.
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Chris W. Rogers, Charlotte F. Bolwell, Erica K. Gee, Michael L. Peterson & C. Wayne McIlwraith. (2014) Profile and Surface Conditions of New Zealand Thoroughbred Racetracks. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34:9, pages 1105-1109.
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Woong Kim, Brian H. McArdle, Chris E. Kawcak, C. Wayne McIlwraith, Elwyn C. Firth & Neil D. Broom. (2013) Histomorphometric evaluation of the effect of early exercise on subchondral vascularity in the third carpal bone of horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 74:4, pages 542-549.
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Carolien C.B.M. Munsters, Jan van den Broek, René van Weeren & Marianne M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan. (2013) A prospective study on fitness, workload and reasons for premature training ends and temporary training breaks in two groups of riding horses. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 108:2-3, pages 199-208.
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Chris Rogers, Charlotte Bolwell & Erica Gee. (2012) Proactive Management of the Equine Athlete. Animals 2:4, pages 640-655.
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Woong Kim, Chris E. Kawcak, C. Wayne McIlwraith, Elwyn C. Firth & Neil D. Broom. (2012) Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of midcarpal joint defects in Thoroughbreds raised with and without early conditioning exercise. American Journal of Veterinary Research 73:4, pages 498-507.
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Elwyn C. Firth, Christopher W. Rogers, P. Rene van Weeren, Albert Barneveld, C. Wayne McIlwraith, Christopher E. Kawcak, Allen E. Goodship & Roger K.W. Smith. (2012) The effect of previous conditioning exercise on diaphyseal and metaphyseal bone to imposition and withdrawal of training in young Thoroughbred horses. The Veterinary Journal 192:1, pages 34-40.
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C W Rogers, L Kidd & E C Firth. (2010) Linear and temporal changes in the trot of 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses in relation to early exercise and race training. Comparative Exercise Physiology 7:02, pages 65-71.
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CF Bolwell, LJ Russell & CW Rogers. (2010) A cross-sectional survey of training practices of 2-year-old racehorses in the North Island of New Zealand. Comparative Exercise Physiology 7:01, pages 37-42.
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Juan J. Tabar-Rodriguez, Antonio M. Cruz, Gabrielle Monteith, Karen Gordon & Mark B. Hurtig. (2009) Use of quantitative ultrasonography for noninvasive surveillance of the third metacarpal bone in racing and training Thoroughbreds. American Journal of Veterinary Research 70:12, pages 1484-1493.
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P. A. J. Brama, J. Holopainen, P. R. Van Weeren, E. C. Firth, H. J. Helminen & M. M. Hyttinen. (2010) Influence of exercise and joint topography on depth‐related spatial distribution of proteoglycan and collagen content in immature equine articular cartilage. Equine Veterinary Journal 41:6, pages 557-563.
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Z. Salo, R.J. Runciman & J.J. Thomason. (2009) A dynamic model of a horse hoof at first contact. Biosystems Engineering 103:3, pages 364-373.
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Woong Kim, Chris E. Kawcak, C. Wayne McIlwraith, Elwyn C. Firth, Brian H. McArdle & Neil D. Broom. (2009) Influence of early conditioning exercise on the development of gross cartilage defects and swelling behavior of cartilage extracellular matrix in the equine midcarpal joint. American Journal of Veterinary Research 70:5, pages 589-598.
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C. W. ROGERS, E. C. FIRTH, C. W. McILWRAITH, A. BARNEVELD, A. E. GOODSHIP, C. E. KAWCAK, R. K. W. SMITH & P. R. van WEEREN. (2010) Evaluation of a new strategy to modulate skeletal development in Thoroughbred performance horses by imposing track‐based exercise during growth. Equine Veterinary Journal 40:2, pages 111-118.
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C. W. ROGERS, E. C. FIRTH, C. W. McILWRAITH, A. BARNEVELD, A. E. GOODSHIP, C. E. KAWCAK, R. K. W. SMITH & P. R. van WEEREN. (2010) Evaluation of a new strategy to modulate skeletal development in racehorses by imposing track‐based exercise during growth: The effects on 2‐ and 3‐year‐old racing careers. Equine Veterinary Journal 40:2, pages 119-127.
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C W Rogers, J L L Rivero, E van Breda, A Lindner & M M Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan. (2007) Describing workload and scientific information on conditioning horses. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology 4:1, pages 1-6.
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J. K. KINGSTON, G. M. SOPPET, C. W. ROGERS & E. C. FIRTH. (2006) Use of a global positioning and heart rate monitoring system to assess training load in a group of Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Veterinary Journal 38:S36, pages 106-109.
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C. M. H. Chantal Kurvers, P. René van Weeren, Chris W. Rogers & Machteld C. van Dierendonck. (2006) Quantification of spontaneous locomotion activity in foals kept in pastures under various management conditions. American Journal of Veterinary Research 67:7, pages 1212-1217.
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Elwyn C. Firth. (2006) The response of bone, articular cartilage and tendon to exercise in the horse. Journal of Anatomy 208:4, pages 513-526.
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