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Review Articles

Canine hypothyroidism: A review of aetiology and diagnosis

Pages 105-114 | Received 01 Oct 2010, Accepted 31 Jan 2011, Published online: 03 May 2011

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K Bojanić, E Acke & BR Jones. (2011) Congenital hypothyroidism of dogs and cats: A review. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 59:3, pages 115-122.
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Articles from other publishers (64)

L. G. González-Arostegui, A. Muñoz-Prieto, G. García-López, J. J. Cerón, A. Tvarijonaviciute & C. P. Rubio. (2024) Changes in biomarkers of the redox status in whole blood and red blood cell lysates in canine hypothyroidism. Veterinary Research Communications.
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Victoria Travail, Carolina Fernandez Sanchez, Jose M. Costo, Nicola Valentine, Megan Conroy, Venessa Lee, Dimitrios Bouziopoulos, Kathryn Bateman, Emma Gatehouse, Judith Cruzado‐Perez, Danica Pollard, Valerie Lamb, Florence Juvet & Darren Kelly. (2024) Assessment of the likelihood of hypothyroidism in dogs diagnosed with and treated for hypothyroidism at primary care practices: 102 cases (2016‐2021). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 38:2, pages 931-941.
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Karolina S. Engdahl, Dave C. Brodbelt, Carla Cameron, David B. Church & Dan G. O’Neill. (2024) English Cocker Spaniels under primary veterinary care in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Medicine and Genetics 11:1.
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Paola Scarpa, Filippo Tagliasacchi, Francesca Iavazzo, Michela Beccaglia, Adriano Monino, Paolo Dri & Gianpaolo Milite. (2023) Relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones in female German shepherd dogs . Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 38:1, pages 81-92.
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L.G. González-Arostegui, A. Muñoz-Prieto, C.P. Rubio, J.J. Cerón, L. Bernal, I. Rubić, V. Mrljak, J.C. González-Sánchez & A. Tvarijonaviciute. (2024) Changes of the salivary and serum proteome in canine hypothyroidism. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 86, pages 106825.
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Andrea Corsini, Francesco Lunetta, Fabrizio Alboni, Ignazio Drudi, Eugenio Faroni & Federico Fracassi. (2023) Development and internal validation of diagnostic prediction models using machine-learning algorithms in dogs with hypothyroidism. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 10.
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Sophie Parton, Callum Atkins, Alisdair M. Boag & Glynn Woods. (2023) Juvenile primary acquired hypothyroidism in a dog with suspected renal dysplasia. Veterinary Record Case Reports 11:4.
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Elena Mitrevska, Irena Celeska, Miroslav Kjosevski & Elena Atanaskova Petrov. (2023) Clinical Signs and Behavior in Dogs with Hypothyroidism. Macedonian Veterinary Review 46:2, pages 185-191.
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Yeon Chae, Taesik Yun, Yoonhoi Koo, Dohee Lee, Mhan-Pyo Yang, Hakhyun Kim & Byeong-Teck Kang. (2023) Case report: Central-pituitary hypothyroidism concurrent with hyperadrenocorticism without pituitary macroadenoma in a Miniature Schnauzer dog. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 10.
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Eleonora Gori, Paola Gianella, Ilaria Lippi & Veronica Marchetti. (2023) Retrospective Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Signs in Hypothyroid Dogs. Animals 13:16, pages 2668.
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Karolina S. Engdahl, Dave C. Brodbelt, Carla Cameron, David B. Church, Åke Hedhammar & Dan G. O’Neill. (2023) Demography and disorders of English Cocker Spaniels under primary veterinary care in the UK. Canine Medicine and Genetics 10:1.
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Cristina Fernoagă & Raluca Turbatu. (2023) Hypothyroidism in dogs – prevalence, risk factors and neurological implications. Practica Veterinara.ro 1:1, pages 37-40.
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Luis G. González Arostegui, Alberto Muñoz Prieto, Luis Pardo Marín, Gregorio García López, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Jose Joaquín Cerón Madrigal & Camila Peres Rubio. (2023) Changes in biomarkers of redox status in serum and saliva of dogs with hypothyroidism. BMC Veterinary Research 19:1.
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Martina Schlipf, Andrea Fischer, Martina Patzl, Katrin Hartmann, Alexander Pankraz, Martina Dick, Yury Zablotski, Helmut Küchenhoff & Astrid Wehner. (2023) Laboratory indicators of hypothyroidism and TgAA-positivity in the Eurasian dog breed. PLOS ONE 18:1, pages e0280906.
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N. K. Ringstad, F. Lingaas & S. I. Thoresen. (2022) Breed distributions for diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism in Norwegian dogs. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:1.
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Luis Guillermo González-Arostegui, Camila Peres Rubio, Ivana Rubić, Renata Barić Rafaj, Jelena Gotić, José Joaquín Cerón, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Vladimir Mrljak & Alberto Muñoz-Prieto. (2022) Changes in the salivary metabolome in canine hypothyroidism: A pilot study. Research in Veterinary Science 151, pages 189-195.
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Dan G. O’Neill, Janine Su Pheng Khoo, Dave C. Brodbelt, David B. Church, Camilla Pegram & Rebecca F. Geddes. (2022) Frequency, breed predispositions and other demographic risk factors for diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK. Canine Medicine and Genetics 9:1.
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Michael Bennaim, Robert E. Shiel, Helen Evans & Carmel T. Mooney. (2022) Free thyroxine measurement by analogue immunoassay and equilibrium dialysis in dogs with non-thyroidal illness. Research in Veterinary Science 147, pages 37-43.
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Margret Lenfest, John P. Loftus, Heather J. Huson, Andrei Gudkov, Katerina Andrianova, Daria Fleyshman & Joseph Wakshlag. (2022) Assessment of Sex, Age, and Metabolism Relationships to Serum Thyroid Concentrations in Retired Alaskan Husky Sled Dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9.
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Taesik Yun, Yejin Na, Dohee Lee, Yoonhoi Koo, Yeon Chae, Hyeyeon Nam, Byeong-Teck Kang, Mhan-Pyo Yang & Hakhyun Kim. (2022) Case Report: Technetium-99m Pertechnetate Scintigraphy Findings in a Dog With Iodine Deficiency-Induced Goitrous Hypothyroidism. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9.
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Julia Kinny-Köster, Imke Lankenau & Jennifer von Luckner. (2022) Primäre Hypothyreose beim Hund – Eine Diagnose mit Hindernissen. kleintier konkret 25:02, pages 8-20.
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Amy E. Treeful, Emily L. Coffey & Steven G. Friedenberg. (2022) A scoping review of autoantibodies as biomarkers for canine autoimmune disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 36:2, pages 363-378.
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Susanna Spence. (2022) Canine hypothyroidism: avoiding over diagnosing the condition. In Practice 44:2, pages 68-75.
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Berit L. Fischer. 2022. Canine and Feline Anesthesia and Co‐Existing Disease. Canine and Feline Anesthesia and Co‐Existing Disease 299 335 .
Dorian S. Houser, Cory Champagne & Daniel E. Crocker. (2021) Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Stimulation Tests in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 2:2, pages 265-272.
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Alberto Muñoz-Prieto, Luis Guillermo González-Arostegui, Ivana Rubić, José Joaquín Cerón, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Anita Horvatić & Vladimir Mrljak. (2021) Untargeted metabolomic profiling of serum in dogs with hypothyroidism. Research in Veterinary Science 136, pages 6-10.
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A. Corsini, E. Faroni, F. Lunetta & F. Fracassi. (2020) Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation test in 114 dogs with suspected hypothyroidism: a cross‐sectional study. Journal of Small Animal Practice 62:4, pages 257-264.
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Michèle Bergmann, Monika Freisl, Katrin Hartmann, Stephanie Speck, Uwe Truyen, Yury Zablotski, Matthias Mayr & Astrid Wehner. (2021) Antibody Response to Canine Parvovirus Vaccination in Dogs with Hypothyroidism Treated with Levothyroxine. Vaccines 9:2, pages 180.
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Matteo Bianchi, Nima Rafati, Åsa Karlsson, Eva Murén, Carl-Johan Rubin, Katarina Sundberg, Göran Andersson, Olle Kämpe, Åke Hedhammar, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh & Gerli Rosengren Pielberg. (2020) Whole-genome genotyping and resequencing reveal the association of a deletion in the complex interferon alpha gene cluster with hypothyroidism in dogs. BMC Genomics 21:1.
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Andrea Corda, Francesca Corda, Domenico Caivano, Laura Saderi, Giovanni Sotgiu, Alessandra Mollica, Francesco Birettoni, Francesco Porciello & Maria Luisa Pinna Parpaglia. (2020) Ultrasonographic assessment of abdominal aortic elasticity in hypertensive dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 34:6, pages 2337-2344.
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Michelle Hermans, Nienke Christina Burger, Kaatje Kromhout, Sofie F M Bhatti & Ine Cornelis. (2020) Clinical and diagnostic findings in a dog and a cat with congenital hypothyroidism. Veterinary Record Case Reports 8:4.
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Carina Salt, Penelope J. Morris, Richard F. Butterwick, Elizabeth M. Lund, Tim J. Cole & Alexander J. German. (2020) Comparison of growth patterns in healthy dogs and dogs in abnormal body condition using growth standards. PLOS ONE 15:9, pages e0238521.
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Ewan D. S. Wolff, Graham Bilbrough, George Moore, Lynn Guptill & J. Catharine Scott‐Moncrieff. (2020) Comparison of 2 assays for measuring serum total thyroxine concentration in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 34:2, pages 607-615.
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Matthew A Kopke, Varaidzo Mukorera, Andrew L Leisewitz & Craig G Ruaux. (2019) Chronic lameness associated with congenital hypothyroidism in three dogs. Veterinary Record Case Reports 7:4.
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Thaer Idrees, John D. Price, Thomas Piccariello & Antonio C. Bianco. (2019) Sustained Release T3 Therapy: Animal Models and Translational Applications. Frontiers in Endocrinology 10.
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Hakhyun KimJi-Houn KangTae-Young HeoByeong-Teck KangGonhyung KimDongwoo ChangKi-Jeong NaMhan-Pyo Yang. (2019) Evaluation of Hypertriglyceridemia as a Mediator Between Endocrine Diseases and Pancreatitis in Dogs. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 55:2, pages 92-100.
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Mark E. Peterson, Marcia A. Carothers, David A. Gamble & Mark Rishniw. (2018) Spontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 32:6, pages 1864-1873.
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Tera Pijnacker, Hans S. Kooistra, Cathelijne F. Vermeulen, Merel van der Vinne, Marrit Prins, Sara Galac & Jan A. Mol. (2018) Use of basal and TRH‐stimulated plasma growth hormone concentrations to differentiate between primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 32:4, pages 1319-1324.
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R. Mueller, T. Böhm, C. Klinger, J. Classen, L. Udraite, M. Linek & R. S. Mueller. (2017) Repeatability and variability of total T4 measurements at three German veterinary laboratories. Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 45:6, pages 384-389.
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G. Wess, O. Domenech, J. Dukes-McEwan, J. Häggström & S. Gordon. (2017) European Society of Veterinary Cardiology screening guidelines for dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 19:5, pages 405-415.
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M. E. Peterson, R. Nichols & M. Rishniw. (2017) Serum thyroxine and thyroid‐stimulating hormone concentration in hyperthyroid cats that develop azotaemia after radioiodine therapy. Journal of Small Animal Practice 58:9, pages 519-530.
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K. Bossens, S. Daminet, L. Duchateau, M. Rick, L. Van Ham & S. Bhatti. (2016) The effect of imepitoin, a recently developed antiepileptic drug, on thyroid parameters and fat metabolism in healthy Beagle dogs. The Veterinary Journal 213, pages 48-52.
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Sidonie N. Lavergne, Fabrice T.J. Fosset, Peter Kennedy & Kent R. Refsal. (2015) Potential cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to an inactive ingredient of thyroid hormone supplements in a dog. Veterinary Dermatology 27:1, pages 53.
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Martine Lund Ziener, Stina Dahlgren, Stein Istre Thoresen & Frode Lingaas. (2015) Genetics and epidemiology of hypothyroidism and symmetrical onychomadesis in the Gordon setter and the English setter. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 2:1.
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S. Major, R.W. Pettigrew & J.C. Fyfe. (2015) Molecular Genetic Characterization of Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis in a French Bulldog. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 29:6, pages 1534-1540.
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J. Miller, J. Popiel & A. Chełmońska-Soyta. (2015) Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Canine Hypothyroidism. Journal of Comparative Pathology 153:1, pages 28-37.
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P. Beier, S. Reese, P.J. Holler, J. Simak, G. Tater & G. Wess. (2014) The Role of Hypothyroidism in the Etiology and Progression of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 29:1, pages 141-149.
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Berit L. Fischer. 2014. Canine and Feline Anesthesia and Co‐Existing Disease. Canine and Feline Anesthesia and Co‐Existing Disease 151 174 .
F. Fracassi, L. Zagnoli, D. Rosenberg, T. Furlanello & M. Caldin. (2014) Spontaneous acromegaly: A retrospective case control study in German shepherd dogs. The Veterinary Journal 202:1, pages 69-75.
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Nicola M. A. Parry. (2013) Hypothyroidism in dogs: laboratory findings. Companion Animal 18:3, pages 101-105.
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Nicola MA Parry. (2013) Hypothyroidism in dogs: pathophysiology, causes and clinical presentation. Companion Animal 18:2, pages 34-38.
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Yun-Hye Kim, Jun-Hwan Kim, Hyun-Seok Lee, Ho-Seong Cho, Jin-Ho Park & Chul Park. (2012) A case of hypothyroidism concurrent with myxedema coma in a Cocker spaniel dog. Korean Journal of Veterinary Service 35:2, pages 159-163.
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Luis Guillermo González-Arostegui, Camila Peres Rubio, Ivana Rubić, Renata Barić Rafaj, Jelena Gotić, José Joaquín Cerón, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Vladimir Mrljak & Alberto Muñoz-Prieto. (2022) Changes in the Salivary Metabolome in Canine Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Study. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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