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Symposium: Head Posture and Strabismus

Clinical Assessment of Ocular Torsion

, M.D.
Pages 7-15 | Published online: 05 Apr 2018

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (10)

Michael C. Brodsky. (2022) The Nuts and Bolts of Ocular Torsion. Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility 72:3, pages 191-195.
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Zia Chaudhuri & Joseph L Demer. (2018) Long-term Surgical Outcomes in the Sagging Eye Syndrome. Strabismus 26:1, pages 6-10.
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Anupam Singh, P. K. Pandey, Sanjeev Kumar Mittal, Ajai Agrawal, Chirag Bahuguna & Prashant Kumar. (2016) Impact of Superior Oblique Transposition on Primary Position Deviation, a Pattern and Intorsion in Third Nerve Palsy. Strabismus 24:4, pages 173-177.
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Megan Sheeley & Kyle Arnoldi. (2014) Cyclotropia to Differentiate Longstanding and Acute Fourth Cranial Nerve Palsy. American Orthoptic Journal 64:1, pages 105-111.
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Alex Christoff & David L. Guyton. (2006) The Lancaster Red-Green Test. American Orthoptic Journal 56:1, pages 157-165.
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Katherine J. Fray & Paul H. Phillips. (2003) Strabismus with a Twist: Pre- and Postoperative Torsion. American Orthoptic Journal 53:1, pages 12-19.
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R. B. Orton. (1993) Brown Syndrome: Surgical Management. American Orthoptic Journal 43:1, pages 36-39.
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Anthony J. Locastro, Sang-Jin Kim & Albert W. Biglan. (1992) Treatment of Cyclodiplopia with the Harada-Ito Operation. American Orthoptic Journal 42:1, pages 111-119.
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David L. Guyton. (1987) Ocular Torsion: Sensorimotor Principles. American Orthoptic Journal 37:1, pages 13-21.
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Articles from other publishers (83)

Anin Sethi, Rebika Dhiman, Karthikeyan Mahalingam, Swati Phuljhele, Vinay Gupta, Pradeep Sharma & Rohit Saxena. (2023) Evaluation of change in objective cyclotorsion after various inferior oblique–weakening procedures. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 27:6, pages 345.e1-345.e5.
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Lung-Chi Lee, Hsu-Chieh Chang, Yi-Hao Chen & Ke-Hung Chien. (2023) A simple marking system for accurate intraoperative monitoring and adjustment of cyclotorsion strabismus surgery. Frontiers in Medicine 9.
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Eun-Hyang Cha, Suk-gyu Ha, Youngwoo Suh Shu & Seung-Hyun Kim. (2022) Clinical features of excyclotorsion in the non-paretic eye of patients with congenital unilateral superior oblique palsy. BMC Ophthalmology 22:1.
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Sana Nadeem. (2022) Isolated inferior oblique pareses. International Ophthalmology 42:10, pages 3165-3181.
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Megha Bindiganavale, David Buickians, Scott R. Lambert, Zachary M. Bodnar & Heather E. Moss. (2022) Development and Preliminary Validation of a Virtual Reality Approach for Measurement of Torsional Strabismus. Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology 42:1, pages e248-e253.
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Isdin Oke, Abdelrahman M. Elhusseiny, Ankoor S. Shah & David G. Hunter. (2022) Botulinum Toxin Injection of the Inferior Oblique Muscles for V-Pattern Strabismus and Primary Position Hypertropia. American Journal of Ophthalmology 235, pages 32-37.
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Oded Lagstein & David L. Guyton. (2022) Inferior Oblique Muscle “Overaction” Caused by Inferior Oblique Muscle Shortening, Not by Hypertonicity. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus 59:1, pages 28-34.
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Chunhua Sun, Ze Wang & Bo Xia. (2021) Modified superior oblique intrasheath tenectomy in A-pattern with superior oblique overaction. BMC Ophthalmology 21:1.
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Mireille N. Jabroun, Justin Marsh & David L. Guyton. (2021) Torsional incomitance after asymmetrically adjusted Harada-Ito procedures for the simultaneous correction of vertical and torsional deviations in bilateral trochlear nerve palsy. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 25:6, pages 338.e1-338.e6.
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Laura Liebermann, Sarah R. Hatt, David A. Leske, Lindsay D. Klaehn, Andrea M. Kramer & Jonathan M. Holmes. (2021) Comparison of Methods for Measuring Cyclodeviation. American Journal of Ophthalmology 224, pages 332-342.
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Sung Ju Baek, Linden Z. M. Chen, Parth R. Shah & Ross Fitzsimons. (2021) Comparison of Subjective and Objective Torsion in Normal Patients. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus 58:2, pages 112-117.
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Justyna Simiera, Agata Joanna Ordon & Piotr Loba. (2020) Objective cyclodeviation measurement in normal subjects by means of Cyclocheck ® application . European Journal of Ophthalmology 31:2, pages 704-708.
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Massimiliano Serafino, Matteo Scaramuzzi, Francesco Bonsignore, Lucia Vitale, Adriano Magli & Paolo Nucci. (2020) Optical coherence tomography angiography for the measurement of optic disc: Macular relationship. European Journal of Ophthalmology 31:2, pages 543-547.
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Eiji FUJIWARA, Kazuhide ADACHI, Shinichiro TATEYAMA, Mitsuhiro HASEGAWA & Yuichi HIROSE. (2021) Frequency of Diplopia after Intraoperative Nerve Disturbance in Trochlear Nerve Schwannoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review. Neurologia medico-chirurgica 61:10, pages 591-597.
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Amr Elkamshoushy, Ahmed Awadein & Shaimaa A. Arfeen. (2020) Pattern strabismus in consecutive esodeviation after bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 24:6, pages 342.e1-342.e7.
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Anna G. Escuder, Melanie A. Kazlas, Gena Heidary, David G. Hunter, David Zurakowski & Linda R. Dagi. (2020) Incidence of symptomatic vertical and torsional diplopia after superior rectus transposition for esotropic Duane syndrome and abducens nerve palsy. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 24:5, pages 270.e1-270.e5.
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Eun Hee Hong, Hee Kyung Yang, Jae Hyoung Kim & Jeong-Min Hwang. (2020) Bilateral Fundus Excyclotorsion in Unilateral Superior Oblique Palsy Confirmed by MR Imaging. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9:6, pages 1829.
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Ahmed Awadein & Dina H. Hassanein. (2020) Exotropic heavy eye syndrome in unilateral high axial myopia. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 24:3, pages 131.e1-131.e6.
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Sara Flodin, Tony Pansell, Agneta Rydberg & Marita Andersson Grönlund. (2019) Clinical measurements of normative subjective cyclotorsion and cyclofusion in a healthy adult population. Acta Ophthalmologica 98:2, pages 177-181.
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Jitendra Jethani & Paaraj Dave. (2018) The subjectivity of objective evaluation of torsion on fundus photographs by practicing strabismologists. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 66:9, pages 1301.
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Dae Hee Kim, Hyuna Kim & Hyun Taek Lim. (2017) The influence of ocular sighting dominance on Fundus torsion in patients with unilateral congenital superior oblique palsy. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 255:12, pages 2473-2479.
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Justyna Simiera & Piotr Loba. (2017) Cyclocheck: a new web-based software for the assessment of objective cyclodeviation. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 21:4, pages 305-308.
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Ju-Yeun Lee, Sungsoon Hwang, Shin Yeop Oh, Kyung-Ah Park & Sei Yeul Oh. (2016) Postoperative Change in Ocular Torsion in Intermittent Exotropia: Relationship with Postoperative Surgical Outcomes. PLOS ONE 11:9, pages e0162819.
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Ahmed Awadein, Dina El-Fayoumi & Rasha H. Zedan. (2016) Changes in the axis of astigmatism and in fundus torsion following inferior oblique muscle weakening. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 20:4, pages 289-294.
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Zia Chaudhuri & Joseph L Demer. (2016) Graded vertical rectus tenotomy for small-angle cyclovertical strabismus in sagging eye syndrome. British Journal of Ophthalmology 100:5, pages 648-651.
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Justin D. Marsh, Pinar Topcu Yilmaz & David L. Guyton. (2016) Deficiency of depression in adduction: clinical characteristics and surgical management of the “inverted Brown pattern”. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 20:1, pages 7-11.
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Jae Hoon LeeHae Ri YumSe Youp LeeYoung Chun Lee. (2016) Diagnostic Availability of Blind Spot Mapping for Ocular Torsion. Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 57:6, pages 957.
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Michael C. BrodskyMichael C. Brodsky. 2016. Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology. Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology 569 595 .
Ahmed Awadein & Dina El-Fayoumi. (2015) Surgical management of monocular elevation deficiency combined with inferior rectus restriction. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 19:4, pages 316-321.
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Chieko Shiragami, Kouki Fukuda, Hidetaka Yamaji, Misako Morita & Fumio Shiraga. (2015) A METHOD TO DECREASE THE FREQUENCY OF UNINTENTIONAL SLIPPAGE AFTER VITRECTOMY FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT. Retina 35:4, pages 758-763.
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Brinda Muthusamy, Kristina Irsch, Han-Ying Peggy Chang & David L. Guyton. (2014) The Sensitivity of the Bielschowsky Head-Tilt Test in Diagnosing Acquired Bilateral Superior Oblique Paresis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 157:4, pages 901-907.e2.
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Robert A. Clark & Joseph L. Demer. (2014) Lateral Rectus Superior Compartment Palsy. American Journal of Ophthalmology 157:2, pages 479-487.e2.
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Ahmed Awadein. (2013) Lateral rectus recession with/without transposition in V-pattern exotropia without inferior oblique overaction. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 48:6, pages 500-505.
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Ahmed Awadein & Heba M. Fouad. (2013) Management of large V-pattern exotropia with minimal or no inferior oblique overaction. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 17:6, pages 588-593.
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João Lemos & Eric Eggenberger. (2013) Clinical utility and assessment of cyclodeviation. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 24:6, pages 558-565.
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Brinda Muthusamy, Han-Ying Peggy Chang, Kristina Irsch, Howard S. Ying, Kirithika Muthusamy, Didar Anwar & David L. Guyton. (2013) Differentiating bilateral superior oblique paresis from sensory extorsion. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 17:5, pages 471-476.
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Ahmed Awadein. (2013) Inferior oblique myectomy for upshoots mimicking inferior oblique overaction in Duane retraction syndrome. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 17:3, pages 253-258.
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Hongwei Deng, Kristina Irsch, Ron Gutmark, Pittaya Phamonvaechavan, Fong-Yee Foo, Didar S. Anwar & David L. Guyton. (2013) Fusion can mask the relationships between fundus torsion, oblique muscle overaction/underaction, and A- and V-pattern strabismus. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 17:2, pages 177-183.
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Si Hyung LeeSo Young Kim. (2013) Ocular Torsion Measured by Fundus Photographs and Optical Coherent Tomography in Normal Koreans. Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 54:7, pages 1091.
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Ankoor S Shah & David G Hunter. 2013. Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 1030 1032 .
PremNandhini Satgunam & Eli Peli. (2012) Torsional Anomalous Retinal Correspondence Effectively Expands the Visual Field in Hemianopia. Optometry and Vision Science 89:9, pages E1353-E1363.
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Ahmed Awadein. (2012) Clinical findings, orbital imaging, and intraoperative findings in patients with isolated inferior rectus muscle paresis or underaction. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 16:4, pages 345-349.
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Ahmed Awadein & Ghada Gawdat. (2012) Comparison of superior oblique suture spacers and superior oblique silicone band expanders. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 16:2, pages 131-135.
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Seung-Hyun Kim, Jae-Hoon Na & Yoonae A. Cho. (2012) Inferior Oblique Transposition Onto the Equator: The Role of the Equator in Development of Contralateral Inferior Oblique Overaction. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus 49:2, pages 98-102.
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Ceyhun Arici & Velittin Oguz. (2012) The effect of surgical treatment of superior oblique muscle palsy on ocular torsion. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 16:1, pages 21-25.
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Soon Young ChoSe Youp LeeYoung Chun Lee. (2012) Clinical Evaluation of Excyclotorsion in Patients with Primary Inferior Oblique Overaction. Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 53:9, pages 1324.
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Yoonae A. Cho, Youngsub Eom & Young-Woo Suh. (2011) Can the preoperative fundus extorsion in infantile esotropia predict the development of postoperative inferior oblique overaction and dissociated vertical deviation?. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 46:5, pages 414-418.
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Cheng Zhang, Pittaya Phamonvaechavan, Alex Christoff & David L. Guyton. (2010) Silent sinus syndrome causing cyclovertical diplopia masquerading as superior oblique paresis in the fellow eye. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 14:5, pages 450-452.
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Maurizio Versino & David E. Newman-Toker. (2009) Blind spot heterotopia by automated static perimetry to assess static ocular torsion: centro-cecal axis rotation in normals. Journal of Neurology 257:2, pages 291-293.
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Chieko Shiragami, Fumio Shiraga, Hidetaka Yamaji, Kouki Fukuda, Mai Takagishi, Misako Morita & Takehiro Kishikami. (2010) Unintentional Displacement of the Retina after Standard Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. Ophthalmology 117:1, pages 86-92.e1.
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Michael C. BrodskyMichael C. Brodsky. 2010. Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology. Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology 443 464 .
Sarah MacKinnon, Gary F. Rogers, Matt Gregas, Mark R. Proctor, John B. Mulliken & Linda R. Dagi. (2009) Treatment of unilateral coronal synostosis by endoscopic strip craniectomy or fronto-orbital advancement: Ophthalmologic findings. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 13:2, pages 155-160.
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Steven E. Rubin. 2009. Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 1348 1356 .
Ahmed Awadein & Ghada Gawdat. (2008) Bilateral inferior oblique myectomy for asymmetric primary inferior oblique overaction. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 12:6, pages 560-564.
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Pramod Kumar Pandey, Daraius Shroff, Seema Kapoor, Navjot Kaur, Nandan Srivastava, Priyanka Jain & Deepali Garg. (2007) Bilateral incyclotorsion, absent facial nerve, and anotia: Fellow travelers in Möbius sequence or oculoauriculovertebral spectrum?. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 11:3, pages 310-312.
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Min Hye Song, Se Youp Lee & Young Chun Lee. (2007) The Relationship of Hypertropia, Inferior Oblique Overaction and Extorsion in Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy. Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 48:10, pages 1394.
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Sandra Holgado, Laura B. Enyedi, Cynthia A. Toth & Sharon F. Freedman. (2006) Extraocular Muscle Surgery for Extorsion after Macular Translocation Surgery. Ophthalmology 113:1, pages 63-69.
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Kenneth W. Wright. 2006. Handbook of Pediatric Strabismus and Amblyopia. Handbook of Pediatric Strabismus and Amblyopia 284 322 .
Marc F. Greenberg & Zane F. Pollard. (2005) Treatment of Inferior Oblique Paresis With Superior Oblique Silicone Tendon Expander. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 9:4, pages 341-345.
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Sharon F Freedman, Sandra Holgado, Laura B Enyedi & Cynthia A Toth. (2003) Management of ocular torsion and diplopia after macular translocation for age-related macular degeneration: prospective clinical study. American Journal of Ophthalmology 136:4, pages 640-648.
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Sharon F Freedman, Matthew D Gearinger, Laura B Enyedi, Sandra Holgado & Cynthia A Toth. (2003) Measurement of ocular torsion after macular translocation: disc fovea angle and maddox rod. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 7:2, pages 103-107.
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Abraham Spierer. (2002) Surgical correction of excyclotorsion due to bilateral superior oblique muscle paralysis. Annals of Ophthalmology 34:4, pages 232-233.
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Donny W. Suh, David L. Guyton & David G. Hunter. (2001) An adjustable superior oblique tendon spacer with the use of nonabsorbable suture. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 5:3, pages 164-171.
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