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Original Articles

Internet Pornography Use: Perceived Addiction, Psychological Distress, and the Validation of a Brief Measure

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Read on this site (57)

Ke Yu, Anise M. S. Wu, Chun Feng, Wen Zhao & Guoguo Zuo. (2024) Understanding Perceived Problematic Pornography Use with the Differential Susceptibility to Media Effects Model. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 50:3, pages 326-341.
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Attila Szabo, Beáta Bőthe, Margeréta Lazur, Florence Tremblay & Rita Kovacsik. (2024) Hypersexuality in Kayakers: Roles of Sport, Gender, and Perceived Stress. Sexual Health & Compulsivity 31:1, pages 83-99.
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Dhiraj B. Ambade. (2024) Sing along with Milarepa: songs of liberation from lust and craving. Journal of Poetry Therapy 37:1, pages 49-62.
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Brian J. Willoughby & Carson R. Dover. (2024) Context Matters: Moderating Effects in the Associations between Pornography Use, Perceived Addiction, and Relationship Well-being. The Journal of Sex Research 61:1, pages 37-50.
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Samridhi Pareek, Gagan Jain & Rajnish Kumar Gupta. (2023) Efficacy of Mindfulness Meditation as a Therapeutic Tool in Problematic Pornography Consumption. Sexual Health & Compulsivity 30:4, pages 365-379.
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AnaCristina Bedoya, Presley McGarry & Neil Shortland. (2023) The Behavioral Inhibition System as a Mediator between Child Sexual Abuse and Perceived Pornography Addiction in Adulthood. Sexual Health & Compulsivity 30:2, pages 212-229.
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S. Gabe Hatch, Charlotte R. Esplin, H. Dorian Hatch, Aeriel Halstead, Joseph Olsen & Scott R. Braithwaite. (2023) The Consumption of Pornography Scale – General (COPS – G). Sexual and Relationship Therapy 38:2, pages 194-218.
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Alessandro Musetti, Alessio Gori, Alessia Alessandra, Eleonora Topino, Grazia Terrone, Giuseppe Plazzi, Marco Cacioppo & Christian Franceschini. (2022) The Interplay Between Problematic Online Pornography Use, Psychological Stress, Emotion Dysregulation and Insomnia Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mediation Analysis. Nature and Science of Sleep 14, pages 83-92.
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Lijun Chen, Xiaoliu Jiang, Qiqi Wang, Beáta Bőthe, Marc. N. Potenza & Huijuan Wu. (2022) The Association between the Quantity and Severity of Pornography Use: A Meta-analysis. The Journal of Sex Research 59:6, pages 704-719.
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Beáta Bőthe, Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel & Sophie Bergeron. (2022) Associations Between Pornography Use Frequency, Pornography Use Motivations, and Sexual Wellbeing in Couples. The Journal of Sex Research 59:4, pages 457-471.
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Farzane Alidost, Armin Zareiyan, Beáta Bőthe & Farnaz Farnam. (2022) Psychometric Properties of the Persian Short Version of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-6). Sexual Health & Compulsivity 29:1-2, pages 96-107.
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Michael J. Elbert, Alan J. Drury & Matt DeLisi. (2022) Child pornography possession/receipt offenders: developing a forensic profile. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 29:1, pages 93-106.
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Lars-Ole Wehden, Felix Reer, Robin Janzik & Thorsten Quandt. (2021) Investigating the Problematic Use of Sexually Explicit Internet Content: A Survey Study among German Internet Users. Sexual Health & Compulsivity 28:3-4, pages 127-151.
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Beáta Bőthe, István Tóth-Király, Zsolt Demetrovics & Gábor Orosz. (2021) The Short Version of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-6): A Reliable and Valid Measure in General and Treatment-Seeking Populations. The Journal of Sex Research 58:3, pages 342-352.
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Iesha Gibbons, Julia Bernards, Roy A. Bean, Bonnie Young & Mallory Wolfgramm. (2021) Addressing Problematic Pornography Use in Adolescent/Young Adult Males: A Literature Review and Recommendations for Family Therapists. The American Journal of Family Therapy 49:1, pages 57-73.
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Kyoung Min Kim, Haebin Kim, Jae-Won Choi, Soo Yeon Kim & Jun Won Kim. (2020) What Types of Internet Services Make Adolescents Addicted? Correlates of Problematic Internet Use. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 16, pages 1031-1041.
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Ewelina Kowalewska, Mateusz Gola, Shane W Kraus & Michal Lew-Starowicz. (2020) Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review of Research on Women. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 16, pages 2025-2043.
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Brian A. Droubay, Kevin Shafer & Robert P. Butters. (2020) Sexual Desire and Subjective Distress among Pornography Consumers. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 46:8, pages 773-792.
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Christopher G. Floyd, Samuel Landa, Mark A. Saunders & Fred Volk. (2020) The Moderating Influence of Moral Disapproval of Pornography on Couples’ Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 46:7, pages 660-682.
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Meirav Hen, Noam Karsh, Ehud Langer & Ruth Shechter. (2020) Gender differences in implicit exposure to cyber-pornography. The Journal of Social Psychology 160:5, pages 613-623.
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D J Williams, Jeremy N. Thomas & Emily E. Prior. (2020) Are Sex and Pornography Addiction Valid Disorders? Adding a Leisure Science Perspective to the Sexological Critique. Leisure Sciences 42:3-4, pages 306-321.
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James Binnie & Paula Reavey. (2020) Problematic pornography use: narrative review and a preliminary model. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 35:2, pages 137-161.
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Francesca Palazzolo & Cathy Bettman. (2020) Exploring the Lived Experience of Problematic Users of Internet Pornography: A Qualitative Study. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 27:1-2, pages 45-64.
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Nicholas C. Borgogna, Anthony Isacco & Ryon C. McDermott. (2020) A Closer Examination of the Relationship between Religiosity and Problematic Pornography Viewing in Heterosexual Men. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 27:1-2, pages 23-44.
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Raquel Guidry, Christopher G. Floyd, Fred Volk & Carolyn E. Moen. (2020) The Exacerbating Impact of Moral Disapproval on the Relationship Between Pornography Use and Depression, Anxiety, and Relationship Satisfaction. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 46:2, pages 103-121.
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Jorge Cardoso, Catarina Ramos & Telma Almeida. (2019) Portuguese Version of the Cyber Pornography Use Inventory-9: Psychometric Properties and Gender Invariance. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 45:7, pages 594-603.
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Nicholas C. Borgogna & Stephen L. Aita. (2019) Problematic Pornography Viewing from a Big-5 Personality Perspective. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 26:3-4, pages 293-314.
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Fred Volk, Christopher G. Floyd, Kathryn E. Bohannon, Susan M. Cole, Katie M. McNichol, Emily A. Schott & Zachary D. R. Williams. (2019) The Moderating Role of the Tendency to Blame Others in the Development of Perceived Addiction, Shame, and Depression in Pornography Users. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 26:3-4, pages 239-261.
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Meghan E. Maddock, Kaitlin Steele, Charlotte R. Esplin, S. Gabe Hatch & Scott R. Braithwaite. (2019) What Is the Relationship Among Religiosity, Self-Perceived Problematic Pornography Use, and Depression Over Time?. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 26:3-4, pages 211-238.
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Lucy C. Phillips, Carolyn E. Moen, Nicole M. DiLella & Fred A. Volk. (2019) The Moderating Influence of Self-Compassion on the Relationship between Shame Tendency and Hypersexuality. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 26:1-2, pages 103-125.
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Beáta Bőthe, István Tóth-Király, Marc N. Potenza, Mark D. Griffiths, Gábor Orosz & Zsolt Demetrovics. (2019) Revisiting the Role of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Problematic Sexual Behaviors. The Journal of Sex Research 56:2, pages 166-179.
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Joshua B. Grubbs & Samuel L. Perry. (2019) Moral Incongruence and Pornography Use: A Critical Review and Integration. The Journal of Sex Research 56:1, pages 29-37.
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Taylor Kohut & Aleksandar Štulhofer. (2018) The Role of Religiosity in Adolescents' Compulsive Pornography Use: A Longitudinal Assessment. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 44:8, pages 759-775.
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Nicholas C. Borgogna, Jessica Duncan & Ryon C. McDermott. (2018) Is scrupulosity behind the relationship between problematic pornography viewing and depression, anxiety, and stress?. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 25:4, pages 293-318.
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Joshua B. Grubbs, Jennifer T. Grant & Joel Engelman. (2018) Self-identification as a pornography addict: examining the roles of pornography use, religiousness, and moral incongruence. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 25:4, pages 269-292.
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Magdalena Mattebo, Tanja Tydén, Elisabet Häggström-Nordin, Kent W Nilsson & Margareta Larsson. (2018) Pornography consumption and psychosomatic and depressive symptoms among Swedish adolescents: a longitudinal study. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 123:4, pages 237-246.
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Marie-Ève Daspe, Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel, Yvan Lussier, Stéphane Sabourin & Anik Ferron. (2018) When Pornography Use Feels Out of Control: The Moderation Effect of Relationship and Sexual Satisfaction. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 44:4, pages 343-353.
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Yaniv Efrati & Mario Mikulincer. (2018) Individual-Based Compulsive Sexual Behavior Scale: Its Development and Importance in Examining Compulsive Sexual Behavior. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 44:3, pages 249-259.
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Nathan D. Leonhardt, Brian J. Willoughby & Bonnie Young-Petersen. (2018) Damaged Goods: Perception of Pornography Addiction as a Mediator Between Religiosity and Relationship Anxiety Surrounding Pornography Use. The Journal of Sex Research 55:3, pages 357-368.
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Beáta Bőthe, István Tóth-Király, Ágnes Zsila, Mark D. Griffiths, Zsolt Demetrovics & Gábor Orosz. (2018) The Development of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS). The Journal of Sex Research 55:3, pages 395-406.
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David Paul Fernandez, Eugene Y. J. Tee & Elaine Frances Fernandez. (2017) Do Cyber Pornography Use Inventory-9 Scores Reflect Actual Compulsivity in Internet Pornography Use? Exploring the Role of Abstinence Effort. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 24:3, pages 156-179.
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J. Christopher Barrilleaux. (2016) Sexual Addiction: Definitions and Interventions. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions 16:4, pages 421-438.
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David F. Bradley, Joshua B. Grubbs, Alex Uzdavines, Julie J. Exline & Kenneth I. Pargament. (2016) Perceived Addiction to Internet Pornography among Religious Believers and Nonbelievers. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 23:2-3, pages 225-243.
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Fred Volk, John Thomas, Lisa Sosin, Victoria Jacob & Carolyn Moen. (2016) Religiosity, Developmental Context, and Sexual Shame in Pornography Users: A Serial Mediation Model. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 23:2-3, pages 244-259.
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Sara Karaga, Don E. Davis, Elise Choe & Joshua N. Hook. (2016) Hypersexuality and Religion/Spirituality: A Qualitative Review. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 23:2-3, pages 167-181.
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Joshua A. Wilt, Erin B. Cooper, Joshua B. Grubbs, Julie J. Exline & Kenneth I. Pargament. (2016) Associations of Perceived Addiction to Internet Pornography with Religious/Spiritual and Psychological Functioning. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 23:2-3, pages 260-278.
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Jeremy N. Thomas. (2016) The Development and Deployment of the Idea of Pornography Addiction Within American Evangelicalism. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 23:2-3, pages 182-195.
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Joshua N. Hook, Jennifer E. Farrell, Don E. Davis, Daryl R. Van Tongeren, Brandon J. Griffin, Joshua Grubbs, J. Kim Penberthy & Jamie D. Bedics. (2015) Self-Forgiveness and Hypersexual Behavior. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 22:1, pages 59-70.
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Christian Laier & Matthias Brand. (2014) Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Considerations on Factors Contributing to Cybersex Addiction From a Cognitive-Behavioral View. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 21:4, pages 305-321.
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J. Christopher Barrilleaux. Evaluating Covert Sensitization in the Treatment of Male Sex Addicts: Three Single Subject Studies. Sexual Health & Compulsivity 0:0, pages 1-28.
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Daniel Demant, Paul Byron, Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios, Bernard Saliba & James D. A. Newton. The nexus between porn and psychosocial/psychosexual well-being among gay and bisexual men. Porn Studies 0:0, pages 1-17.
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Mara Morelli, Maria Rosaria Nappa, Antonio Chirumbolo, Paul J. Wright, Sara Pabian, Roberto Baiocco, Angela Costabile, Emiddia Longobardi & Elena Cattelino. Is Adolescents’ Cyber Dating Violence Perpetration Related to Problematic Pornography Use? The Moderating Role of Hostile Sexism. Health Communication 0:0, pages 1-11.
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Articles from other publishers (94)

Amanda Isabel Osuna & Karen Holt. (2022) Pornography Use and Sexual Scripts Among Men Who Have Committed Sexual Offenses. Crime & Delinquency 70:3, pages 1005-1033.
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Hüseyin ÜNÜBOL, Başak ÜNÜBOL, Aylin TUTGUN-ÜNAL & Gökben HIZLI SAYAR. (2023) Siber Pornografi Kullanım Envanteri-9’un Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik ÇalışmasıTurkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Cyber Pornography Use Inventory-9 (CPUI-9). Bağımlılık Dergisi 24:4, pages 448-460.
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Andrea Baroncelli, Maria Giulia Taddei, Roberta Giommi, Elena Lenzi, Carolina Facci & Enrica Ciucci. (2023) Cybersex and Attachment Styles: Proposal of the Emotional and Relational Aspects in Cybersex Activities (ERACA) Questionnaire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20:24, pages 7151.
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Joshua B. Grubbs, Regina Tahk, David P. Fernandez, Elaine F. Fernandez & David Ley. (2023) Pornography and pride: Antagonism drives links between narcissism and perceived addiction to pornography. Journal of Research in Personality 107, pages 104419.
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Michal Privara & Petr Bob. (2023) Sexual development in ADHD and internet pornography consumption. Frontiers in Psychiatry 14.
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Brian A. Droubay & Anarie White. (2023) Sexual Orientation, Homophobic Attitudes, and Self-Perceived Pornography Addiction. Sexuality Research and Social Policy.
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Ricardo Irizarry, Haley Gallaher, Steven Samuel, Jason Soares & Julia Villela. (2023) How the Rise of Problematic Pornography Consumption and the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Led to a Decrease in Physical Sexual Interactions and Relationships and an Increase in Addictive Behaviors and Cluster B Personality Traits: A Meta-Analysis. Cureus.
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Shireen Bernstein, Wayne Warburton, Kay Bussey & Naomi Sweller. (2022) Mind the Gap: Internet Pornography Exposure, Influence and Problematic Viewing Amongst Emerging Adults. Sexuality Research and Social Policy 20:2, pages 599-613.
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Katharine M. Mitchell, Rabindra Ratan, Megan K. Maas, Karen Holt, Janine S. Slaker & Andrew Gambino. (2022) Virtual Reality Versus Flatscreen Pornography: Correlations and Effects on Relationship Satisfaction, Rape-Myth Acceptance, and Problematic Use. PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality 31, pages 307-325.
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C. LeBlanc & D. Trottier. (2022) Utilisation problématique de pornographie en ligne chez les hommes et les femmes : facteurs discriminants et prédictifs. Sexologies 31:4, pages 487-496.
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Leighton Evans. (2022) Virtual Reality Pornography: a Review of Health-Related Opportunities and Challenges. Current Sexual Health Reports 15:1, pages 26-35.
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Shiva Soraya, Vahid Rashedi, Mahdieh Saeidi, Pooria Hashemi, Fatemeh Hadi, Hamidreza Ahmadkhaniha & Mohammadreza Shalbafan. (2022) Comparison of Online Sexual Activity Among Iranian Individuals With and Without Substance Use Disorder: A Case-Control Study. Frontiers in Psychiatry 13.
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Yushun Okabe & Daisuke Ito. (2021) Psychometric Properties of the Problematic Pornography Use Scale in a Japanese Sample. Archives of Sexual Behavior 51:2, pages 1221-1235.
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Barbara Smaniotto, Jeanne Le Bigot & François-David Camps. (2021) “Pornography Addiction”: Elements for Discussion of a Case Report. Archives of Sexual Behavior 51:2, pages 1375-1381.
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Christopher G. Floyd, Fred Volk, Diana Flory, Karen Harden, Catherine E. Peters & Anne Taylor. (2021) Sexual Shame as a Unique Distress Outcome of Morally Incongruent Pornography Use: Modifications and Methodological Considerations. Archives of Sexual Behavior 51:2, pages 1293-1311.
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Manuel Mennig, Sophia Tennie & Antonia Barke. (2021) Self-Perceived Problematic Use of Online Pornography Is Linked to Clinically Relevant Levels of Psychological Distress and Psychopathological Symptoms. Archives of Sexual Behavior 51:2, pages 1313-1321.
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Vipin Kumar, Ankur Sachdeva, Shilpa Khullar, Enub Ali & S. Zafar Abbas. (2022) Internet Pornography Use Among Medical Students in India: Extent and Effect. Journal of Psychosexual Health 4:1, pages 14-19.
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Aleksandar Štulhofer, Taylor Kohut & Goran Koletić. 2022. Gender and Sexuality Development. Gender and Sexuality Development 385 421 .
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Beáta Bőthe, Mónika Koós, Léna Nagy, Shane W. Kraus, Marc N. Potenza & Zsolt Demetrovics. (2021) International Sex Survey: Study protocol of a large, cross-cultural collaborative study in 45 countries. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 10:3, pages 632-645.
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Alexandra S. Marcotte, Ellen M. Kaufman, Jessica T. Campbell, Tania A. Reynolds, Justin R. Garcia & Amanda N. Gesselman. (2021) Sextech Use as a Potential Mental Health Reprieve: The Role of Anxiety, Depression, and Loneliness in Seeking Sex Online. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:17, pages 8924.
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Nathan D. Leonhardt, Dean M. Busby & Brian J. Willoughby. (2020) Do You Feel in Control? Sexual Desire, Sexual Passion Expression, and Associations with Perceived Compulsivity to Pornography and Pornography Use Frequency. Sexuality Research and Social Policy 18:2, pages 377-389.
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Anna Ševčíková, Lukas Blinka, Kateřina Škařupová & David Vašek. (2020) Online Sex Addiction After 50: an Exploratory Study of Age-Related Vulnerability. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 19:3, pages 850-864.
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David P. Fernandez, Daria J. Kuss & Mark D. Griffiths. (2021) The Pornography “Rebooting” Experience: A Qualitative Analysis of Abstinence Journals on an Online Pornography Abstinence Forum. Archives of Sexual Behavior 50:2, pages 711-728.
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Beáta Bőthe, István Tóth-Király, Mark D. Griffiths, Marc N. Potenza, Gábor Orosz & Zsolt Demetrovics. (2021) Are sexual functioning problems associated with frequent pornography use and/or problematic pornography use? Results from a large community survey including males and females. Addictive Behaviors 112, pages 106603.
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Brian A Droubay & Robert P Butters. (2019) Pornography, religiosity, and social work. Journal of Social Work 20:5, pages 557-575.
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Ubaldo Cuesta, Jose Ignacio Niño, Luz Martinez & Borja Paredes. (2020) The Neurosciences of Health Communication: An fNIRS Analysis of Prefrontal Cortex and Porn Consumption in Young Women for the Development of Prevention Health Programs. Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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David Elstein. (2016) Confucian reflective commitment and free expression. European Journal of Political Theory 19:3, pages 314-333.
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Shane W. Kraus, Mateusz Gola, Joshua B. Grubbs, Ewelina Kowalewska, Rani A. Hoff, Michał Lew-Starowicz, Steve Martino, Steven D. Shirk & Marc N. Potenza. (2020) Validation of a Brief Pornography Screen across multiple samples. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9:2, pages 259-271.
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Beáta Bőthe, Christian Baumgartner, Michael P. Schaub, Zsolt Demetrovics & Gábor Orosz. (2020) Hands-off: Study protocol of a two-armed randomized controlled trial of a web-based self-help tool to reduce problematic pornography use. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9:2, pages 433-445.
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Beáta Bőthe, István Tóth-Király, Marc N. Potenza, Gábor Orosz & Zsolt Demetrovics. (2020) High-Frequency Pornography Use May Not Always Be Problematic. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 17:4, pages 793-811.
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Gail Hornor. (2020) Child and Adolescent Pornography Exposure. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 34:2, pages 191-199.
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Lijun Chen & Xiaoliu Jiang. (2020) The Assessment of Problematic Internet Pornography Use: A Comparison of Three Scales with Mixed Methods. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:2, pages 488.
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Sandeep Grover & Anish Shouan. (2020) Cyberpsychiatric disorders: An overview of assessment and management. Journal of Mental Health and Human Behaviour 25:2, pages 76.
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Farah Ben Brahim, Stephane Rothen, Francesco Bianchi-Demicheli, Robert Courtois & Yasser Khazaal. (2019) Contribution of sexual desire and motives to the compulsive use of cybersex. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 8:3, pages 442-450.
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Brian J. Willoughby, Dean M. Busby & Bonnie Young-Petersen. (2018) Understanding Associations between Personal Definitions of Pornography, Using Pornography, and Depression. Sexuality Research and Social Policy 16:3, pages 342-356.
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Ewelina Kowalewska, Shane W. Kraus, Michał Lew-Starowicz, Katarzyna Gustavsson & Mateusz Gola. (2019) Which Dimensions of Human Sexuality Are Related to Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD)? Study Using a Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire on a Sample of Polish Males. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 16:8, pages 1264-1273.
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Daniel Niazof, Abraham Weizman & Aviv Weinstein. (2019) The contribution of ADHD and attachment difficulties to online pornography use among students. Comprehensive Psychiatry 93, pages 56-60.
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James W.B. Elsey, Katja van Andel, Regina B. Kater, Ilya M. Reints & Mark Spiering. (2019) The impact of virtual reality versus 2D pornography on sexual arousal and presence. Computers in Human Behavior 97, pages 35-43.
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Janarthanan Balakrishnan & Mark D. Griffiths. (2018) Perceived Addictiveness of Smartphone Games: A Content Analysis of Game Reviews by Players. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 17:4, pages 922-934.
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Beáta Bőthe, Mónika Koós, István Tóth-Király, Gábor Orosz & Zsolt Demetrovics. (2019) Investigating the Associations Of Adult ADHD Symptoms, Hypersexuality, and Problematic Pornography Use Among Men and Women on a Largescale, Non-Clinical Sample. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 16:4, pages 489-499.
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Michael E. Levin, Eric B. Lee & Michael P. Twohig. (2018) The Role of Experiential Avoidance in Problematic Pornography Viewing. The Psychological Record 69:1, pages 1-12.
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Joshua B. Grubbs, Samuel Perry, Joshua A. Wilt & Rory C. Reid. (2019) Response to Commentaries. Archives of Sexual Behavior 48:2, pages 461-468.
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Brian J. Willoughby. (2018) Stuck in the Porn Box. Archives of Sexual Behavior 48:2, pages 449-453.
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Matthias Brand, Stephanie Antons, Elisa Wegmann & Marc N. Potenza. (2018) Theoretical Assumptions on Pornography Problems Due to Moral Incongruence and Mechanisms of Addictive or Compulsive Use of Pornography: Are the Two “Conditions” as Theoretically Distinct as Suggested?. Archives of Sexual Behavior 48:2, pages 417-423.
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