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Original Articles

Complex Halide Vapors in Metal Halide type HID Lamps

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Pages 209-214 | Published online: 20 Sep 2013

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H. L. Rothwell$suffix/text()$suffix/text() & W. M. Keeffe. (1982) Nonequilibrium Vaporization Effects in HID Lamps during Warmup. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 11:2, pages 74-78.
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M. Saito, M. Tsuchihashi, K. Watanabe & K. Baba. (1981) Improvement of the Luminous Efficacy in Sc-Na Halide Lamps and Development of Direct Retrofit type Sc-Na Halide Lamps for Operation with Mercury Lamp Ballasts. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 10:3, pages 133-139.
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Harold L. Rothwell$suffix/text()$suffix/text() & William M. Keeffe. (1980) A Direct Reading Polychromator for Real Time Diagnostics of HID Lamps. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 10:1, pages 40-46.
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R. J. Zollweg. (1979) Convection in Vertical Mercury and Metal Halide Arc Lamps. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 8:3, pages 126-131.
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Dale E. Work. (1978) Axial Species Densities in 175-Watt Sodium-Scandium Metal Halide Lamps. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 7:2, pages 118-124.
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J. J. Curry, E. G. Estupiñán, A. Henins, W. P. Lapatovich, S. D. Shastri & J. E. Hardis. (2013) Enhancement of lanthanide evaporation by complexation: Dysprosium tri-iodide mixed with indium iodide and thulium tri-iodide mixed with thallium iodide. The Journal of Chemical Physics 139:12.
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J. J. Curry, E. G. Estupiñán, W. P. Lapatovich, A. Henins, S. D. Shastri & J. E. Hardis. (2012) Observation of vapor pressure enhancement of rare-earth metal-halide salts in the temperature range relevant to metal-halide lamps. Applied Physics Letters 100:8.
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Jianzhuang Jiang, Tetsuya Ozaki, Ken-ichi Machida & Gin-ya Adachi. (1998) The characteristics of chemical vapour transport and mutual separation for the scandium, yttrium and lanthanum mediated by the corresponding gaseous rare earth chloride complexes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 264:1-2, pages 157-163.
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Jianzhuang Jiang, Tetsuya Ozaki, Ken-ichi Machida & Gin-ya Adachi. (1997) Separation and recovery of rare earths via a dry chemical vapour transport based on halide gaseous complexes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 260:1-2, pages 222-235.
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Zhi-Chang Wang & Lin-Shan Wang. (1997) Thermodynamic Properties of the Rare Earth Element Vapor Complexes LnAl 3 Cl 12 from Ln = La to Ln = Lu . Inorganic Chemistry 36:8, pages 1536-1540.
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Kuniaki Murase, Kiyoshi Shinozaki, Yoshiyuki Hirashima, Ken-ichi Machida & Gin-ya Adachi. (1993) Rare earth separation using a chemical vapour transport process mediated by vapour complexes of the LnCl3AlCl3 system. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 198:1-2, pages 31-38.
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Jerry Kramer. (1990) The spatial distribution of ground-state scandium atoms in a high-pressure metal-halide discharge by saturated laser-induced fluorescence. Journal of Applied Physics 68:4, pages 1513-1519.
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Klaus Hilpert. 1990. Noble Gas and High Temperature Chemistry. Noble Gas and High Temperature Chemistry 97 198 .
James T. Dakin, Theodore H. RautenbergJr.Jr. & Evelyn M. Goldfield. (1989) Anatomy of a vertical metal halide discharge. Journal of Applied Physics 66:9, pages 4074-4088.
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Dietmar Hake & Werner Urland. (1989) HoAl3Cl12 in Crystalline Form. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 28:10, pages 1364-1365.
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Dietmar Hake & Werner Urland. (2006) HoAl 3 Cl 12 in kristalliner Form . Angewandte Chemie 101:10, pages 1416-1417.
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X.Z. Chen, S.H. Wang & S.B. Jiang. (1989) Phase diagrams of SmI2CsI and SmI2NaI binary systems. Journal of the Less Common Metals 149, pages 95-99.
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S.H. Wang, S.M. Luo & Harry A. Eick. (1989) A new synthesis route for perovskite-type iodides. Journal of the Less Common Metals 149, pages 55-61.
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Jerry Kramer. (1988) Pulsed-laser optogalvanic spectroscopy of sodium and scandium in a high-pressure metal halide discharge. Journal of Applied Physics 64:6, pages 2934-2941.
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Wang Shi Hua & Ming Zhoa. (1987) Phase diagram of YbII-RbI binary system and structural investigation of RbYbI3. Journal of the Less Common Metals 127, pages 219-224.
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Masato SAITO, Shoichi TAGUCHI, Ryo SUZUKI & Keiji WATANABE. (1983) Investigation of luminous efficacy in scandium-sodium iodide arc lamps. Journal of Light & Visual Environment 7:2, pages 7-13.
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Dale E. Work. (2016) Chemistry of metal halide lamps: a review. Lighting Research & Technology 13:3, pages 143-152.
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R. J. Zollweg, R. W. Liebermann & D. K. McLain. (1981) A radiation and convection model of the vertical mercury arc containing sodium and scandium iodides. Journal of Applied Physics 52:5, pages 3293-3303.
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Dale E. Work. (1981) The vaporization thermodynamics of sodium iodide. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 13:5, pages 491-501.
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Scott AndersonR.B. Page. (1981) Purification manufacturing and testing bi-component iodide pellets for metal halide lamps.. Journal of Light & Visual Environment 5:1, pages 1-5.
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Toshihiko ISHIGAMIHiroki SASAKISatoshi NAGANOTadatoshi HIGASHI. (1980) An investigation of the sc-na halide lamp by controlling the coldest spot temperature.. Journal of Light & Visual Environment 4:2, pages 1-7.
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C. HIRAYAMA, C. S. LIU & R. J. ZOLLWEG. (1980) Role of complex halides in metal halide lamps.. Journal of Light & Visual Environment 4:1, pages 17-23.
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J. H. Waszink & L. G. M. de Greef. (1978) Determination of temperature and plasma composition in a high‐pressure CsI‐Hg‐Ar discharge. Journal of Applied Physics 49:10, pages 5150-5154.
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