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Communication Quarterly Volume 39, 1991 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

The dark side of trust: Conceptualizing and measuring types of communicative suspicion

Timothy R. Levine Visiting Lecturer in the Department of Speech Communication, Indiana University
&
Steven A. McCornack Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication, Michigan State University
Pages 325-340 | Published online: 21 May 2009

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Chelsea R. Dickens & Drew A. Curtis. (2019) Lies within the Law: Therapist’ Beliefs and Attitudes about Deception. Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice 19:5, pages 359-375.
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Johnna Capitano & Quinn W. Cunningham. (2018) Suspicion at Work: The Impact on Counterproductive and Citizenship Behaviors. Organization Management Journal 15:4, pages 174-185.
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David Canter, Maria Ioannou, Donna Youngs & Gemma Chungh. (2016) Person Perception Aspects of Judgments of Truthfulness in Public Appeals. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 23:4, pages 547-562.
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Robert J. Norris & Catherine L. Bonventre. (2015) Advancing Wrongful Conviction Scholarship: Toward New Conceptual Frameworks. Justice Quarterly 32:6, pages 929-949.
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Melanie Hurst & Margit Oswald. (2012) Mechanisms underlying response bias in deception detection. Psychology, Crime & Law 18:8, pages 759-778.
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Shlomo Romi, Ramon (Rom) Lewis, Joel Roache & Philip Riley. (2011) The Impact of Teachers’ Aggressive Management Techniques on Students’ Attitudes to Schoolwork. The Journal of Educational Research 104:4, pages 231-240.
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GaryD. Bond, DanielM. Malloy, ElizabethA. Arias, ShannonN. Nunn & LauraA. Thompson. (2005) Lie‐biased Decision Making in Prison. Communication Reports 18:1-2, pages 9-19.
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Gary D. Bond , Daniel M. Malloy, Laura A. Thompson, Elizabeth A. Arias & Shannon N. Nunn. (2004) Post‐probe decision making in a prison context. Communication Monographs 71:3, pages 269-285.
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Eugenio Garrido, Jaume Masip & Carmen Herrero. (2004) Police officers’ credibility judgments: Accuracy and estimated ability. International Journal of Psychology 39:4, pages 254-275.
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Anne P. Hubbell, Monique M. Mitchell & Jenifer C. Gee. (2001) The relative effects of timing of suspicion and outcome involvement on biased message processing. Communication Monographs 68:2, pages 115-132.
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PÄR Anders Granhag & LeifA. Strömwall. (2000) Effects of preconceptions on deception detection and new answers to why lie-catchers often fail. Psychology, Crime & Law 6:3, pages 197-218.
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TimothyR. Levine & FranklinJ. Boster. (1996) The impact of self and others' argumentativeness on talk about controversial issues. Communication Quarterly 44:3, pages 345-358.
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JudeeK. Burgoon, DavidB. Buller, AmyS. Ebesu & Patricia Rockwell. (1994) Interpersonal deception: V. Accuracy in deception detection. Communication Monographs 61:4, pages 303-325.
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JudeeK. Burgoon, DavidB. Buller, LauraK. Guerrero & ClydeM. Feldman. (1994) Interpersonal deception: VI. Effects of preinteractional and interactional factors on deceiver and observer perceptions of deception success. Communication Studies 45:3-4, pages 263-280.
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TimothyR. Levine, StevenA. McCornack & Penny Baldwin Avery. (1992) Sex differences in emotional reactions to discovered deception. Communication Quarterly 40:3, pages 289-296.
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Stephen M Croucher, Tommy Yotes, Doug Ashwell & Shawn M Condon. A comparison of the relationship between extraversion and argumentativeness in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Communication Research Reports 0:0, pages 1-12.
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Bingyu Niu, Ye Li, Xianfeng Ding, Zhao Fan, Bingping Zhou & Xiaorong Cheng. (2023) Role of Guanxi (interpersonal relationship) in bribe-taking behaviors: evidence from China. Current Psychology 43:3, pages 2357-2372.
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Daniel W. Barrett, Steven L. Neuberg & Carol Luce. (2023) Suspicion About Suspicion Probes: Ways Forward. Perspectives on Psychological Science.
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Morgan Joseph & Johanna Peetz. (2023) Financial Stress as an Antecedent of Financial Snooping Attitudes. Journal of Family and Economic Issues.
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Yuxi Shang, Kaijie Wang, Yuye Tian, Yingyu Zhou, Beibei Ma & Sanyang Liu. (2023) Theoretical basis and occurrence of internet fraud victimisation: Based on two systems in decision-making and reasoning. Frontiers in Psychology 14.
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David E. Clementson & Tong Xie. (2022) Are Presidential Candidates Impervious to Deception Detection? A Test of Voters' Truth‐Default. Presidential Studies Quarterly 52:4, pages 905-924.
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Mircea Zloteanu, Nadine L. Salman, Eva G. Krumhuber & Daniel C. Richardson. (2022) Looking guilty: Handcuffing suspects influences judgements of deception. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 19:3, pages 231-247.
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J. Efrim Boritz, Chan (Jessie) Ge & Katharine Patterson. (2022) Factors Affecting Employees' Susceptibility to Cyber-Attacks. Journal of Information Systems 36:3, pages 27-60.
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Xiao Zhang, Yun Wu & Wendy Wang. (2020) eWOM, what are we suspecting? Motivation, truthfulness or identity. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 19:1, pages 104-128.
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Jason Warr. 2020. Forensic Psychologists. Forensic Psychologists 193 209 .
David E Clementson. (2019) Why Won’t You Answer the Question? Mass-Mediated Deception Detection After Journalists’ Accusations of Politicians’ Evasion. Journal of Communication 69:6, pages 674-695.
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Arun Vishwanath, Brynne Harrison & Yu Jie Ng. (2016) Suspicion, Cognition, and Automaticity Model of Phishing Susceptibility. Communication Research 45:8, pages 1146-1166.
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Shuyuan Mary Ho, Michelle Kaarst‐Brown & Izak Benbasat. (2017) Trustworthiness attribution: Inquiry into insider threat detection. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 69:2, pages 271-280.
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David E. Clementson. (2017) Effects of Dodging Questions: How Politicians Escape Deception Detection and How They Get Caught. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 37:1, pages 93-113.
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DANA A. WEISER & DANIEL J. WEIGEL. (2017) Exploring intergenerational patterns of infidelity. Personal Relationships 24:4, pages 933-952.
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Michaela Pfundmair, Wiebke Erk & Annika Reinelt. (2017) “Lie to me”—Oxytocin impairs lie detection between sexes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 84, pages 135-138.
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Tuan Luu. (2017) Cultural intelligence and state suspicion: attachment styles as moderators. Corporate Communications: An International Journal 22:1, pages 113-132.
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Aaron Paulos, Partha Pal, Shane S. Clark, Kyle Usbeck & Patrick Hurley. 2017. Runtime Verification. Runtime Verification 416 423 .
Nicholas A. Palomares, Katherine Grasso, Siyue Li & Na Li. (2016) The role of suspiciousness in understanding others’ goals. Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems Interaction Studies / Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems Interaction Studies 17:2, pages 155-179.
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Brynne Harrison, Arun Vishwanath & Raghav Rao. (2016) A User-Centered Approach to Phishing Susceptibility: The Role of a Suspicious Personality in Protecting Against Phishing. A User-Centered Approach to Phishing Susceptibility: The Role of a Suspicious Personality in Protecting Against Phishing.
Chris N. H. Street. (2015) ALIED: Humans as adaptive lie detectors.. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition 4:4, pages 335-343.
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Barbara Bickart, Maureen Morrin & S. Ratneshwar. (2015) Does it pay to beat around the bush? The case of the obfuscating salesperson. Journal of Consumer Psychology 25:4, pages 596-608.
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Philip Bobko, Alex J. Barelka & Leanne M. Hirshfield. (2013) The Construct of State-Level Suspicion. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 56:3, pages 489-508.
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Claire Lawrence & Laura Hutchinson. (2013) The impact of non‐aggressive behaviour early in aggressive interactions: Sex differences in direct and indirect aggression in response to provocation. British Journal of Psychology 105:1, pages 127-144.
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Pilar Aguilar, Mitchell J. Callan & Rael J. Dawtry. (2014) Mental Associations Between Law and Competitiveness: a Cross-Cultural Investigation. The Spanish Journal of Psychology 17.
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Melanie Hurst‐Wagner & Margit E. Oswald. (2011) Impact of deception detection errors on public's trust in the police. Legal and Criminological Psychology 17:2, pages 294-306.
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Jodie L. Ferguson, Pam Scholder Ellen & Gabriela Herrera Piscopo. (2010) Suspicion and Perceptions of Price Fairness in Times of Crisis. Journal of Business Ethics 98:2, pages 331-349.
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Firhana M. Fathil & James M. Schmidtke. (2010) The Relation between Individual Differences and Accountants' Fraud Detection Ability. International Journal of Auditing 14:2, pages 163-173.
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Nicholas A. Palomares. (2009) Did You See It Coming?. Communication Research 36:4, pages 475-509.
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Joey F. George, Kent Marett & Patti A. Tilley. (2008) The Effects of Warnings, Computer-Based Media, and Probing Activity on Successful Lie Detection. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 51:1, pages 1-17.
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Jaume Masip, Hernan Alonso, Eugenio Garrido & Concha Anton. (2005) Generalized Communicative Suspicion (GCS) Among Police Officers: Accounting for the Investigator Bias Effect1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 35:5, pages 1046-1066.
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Gary D. Bond & Adrienne Y. Lee. (2005) The darkest side of trust: validating the generalized communication suspicion scale with prison inmates. Personality and Individual Differences 38:6, pages 1429-1438.
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Gary D. Bond & Adrienne Y. Lee. (2005) Language of lies in prison: linguistic classification of prisoners' truthful and deceptive natural language. Applied Cognitive Psychology 19:3, pages 313-329.
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R.J. Boyle & C.P. Ruppel. (2005) The Impact of Media Richness, Suspicion, and Perceived Truth Bias on Deception Detection. The Impact of Media Richness, Suspicion, and Perceived Truth Bias on Deception Detection.
Gary D. Bond, Laura A. Thompson & Daniel M. Malloy. (2005) Vulnerability of Older Adults to Deception in Prison and Nonprison Contexts.. Psychology and Aging 20:1, pages 60-70.
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Amanda C. Kallstrom-Fuqua, Rebecca Weston & Linda L. Marshall. (2004) Childhood and Adolescent Sexual Abuse of Community Women: Mediated Effects on Psychological Distress and Social Relationships.. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72:6, pages 980-992.
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Pamela J. Kalbfleisch. (2016) Deceptive Message Intent and Relational Quality. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 20:1-2, pages 214-230.
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J.F. George & J.R. Carlson. (1999) Group support systems and deceptive communication. Group support systems and deceptive communication.
MURRAY G. MILLAR & KAREN U. MILLAR. (2016) The Effects of Cognitive Capacity and Suspicion on Truth Bias. Communication Research 24:5, pages 556-570.
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David B. Buller, Judee K. Burgoon, Aileen Buslig & James Roiger. (1996) Testing Interpersonal Deception Theory: The Language of Interpersonal Deception. Communication Theory 6:3, pages 268-289.
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Efrim Boritz, Chan Ge & Katharine Elizabeth Patterson. (2022) Factors Affecting Employees’ Susceptibility to Cyber Attacks. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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Noel Harding, Mohammad Azim, Radzi Jidin & Janine Muir. (2015) A Consideration of Literature on Trust and Distrust as They Relate to Auditor Professional Scepticism. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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Greg Daniel Moody, Dennis F. Galletta & Paul Benjamin Lowry. (2013) Unifying Conflicting Models of Trust and Distrust for Enhanced Understanding and Predictive Power in Organizational Relationships: Proposing the Unified Trust-Distrust Model (UTDM). SSRN Electronic Journal.
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