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Original Articles

Willingness to communicate: Antecedents & consequences

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Pages 215-229 | Published online: 21 May 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (17)

Nicholas L. Matthews, Joseph B. Bayer, Daniel Sude & Walter J. Sowden. (2023) How moral adaptability relates to communication and friendship with morally dissimilar others. Communication Monographs 90:4, pages 499-521.
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Elias Bensalem, Amy S. Thompson & Fahad Alenazi. (2023) The role of grit and enjoyment in EFL learners’ willingness to communicate in Saudi Arabia and Morocco: a cross-cultural study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 0:0, pages 1-16.
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Li Zhou, Yiheng Xi & Katja Lochtman. (2023) The relationship between second language competence and willingness to communicate: the moderating effect of foreign language anxiety. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 44:2, pages 129-143.
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Hyokjin Kwak, Marina Puzakova, Joseph F. Rocereto & Takeshi Moriguchi. (2020) When the Unknown Destination Comes Alive: The Detrimental Effects of Destination Anthropomorphism in Tourism. Journal of Advertising 49:5, pages 508-524.
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Ryan J. Allred & David Atkin. (2020) Cell Phone Addiction, Anxiety, and Willingness to Communicate in Face-to-Face Encounters. Communication Reports 33:3, pages 95-106.
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Harumi Kimura. (2017) Foreign Language Listening Anxiety: A Self-Presentational View. International Journal of Listening 31:3, pages 142-162.
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Mohammad Khatib & Saeed Nourzadeh. (2015) Development and validation of an instructional willingness to communicate questionnaire. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 36:3, pages 266-283.
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Mary Marcel. (2015) What's the Best Course? Evidence From Alumni on the Value of Business Presentations Preparation. Journal of Education for Business 90:1, pages 10-17.
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Flaviu Hodis & Georgeta M. Hodis. (2015) Expectancy, Value, Promotion, and Prevention: An Integrative Account of Regulatory Fit vs. Non-fit with Student Satisfaction in Communicating with Teachers. Annals of the International Communication Association 39:1, pages 339-370.
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PeterD. MacIntyre. (2012) The Idiodynamic Method: A Closer Look at the Dynamics of Communication Traits. Communication Research Reports 29:4, pages 361-367.
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GeorgetaM. Hodis, NilanjanaR. Bardhan & FlaviuA. Hodis. (2010) Patterns of Change in Willingness to Communicate in Public Speaking Contexts: A Latent Growth Modeling Analysis. Journal of Applied Communication Research 38:3, pages 248-267.
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Yu Lu & Chia-Fang (Sandy) Hsu. (2008) Willingness to Communicate in Intercultural Interactions between Chinese and Americans. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 37:2, pages 75-88.
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Adam Acar. (2008) Antecedents and Consequences of Online Social Networking Behavior: The Case of Facebook. Journal of Website Promotion 3:1-2, pages 62-83.
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AdamS. Acar & Maxim Polonsky. (2007) Online Social Networks and Insights into Marketing Communications. Journal of Internet Commerce 6:4, pages 55-72.
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LeslieA. Donovan & PeterD. MacIntyre. (2004) Age and sex differences in willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, and self‐perceived competence. Communication Research Reports 21:4, pages 420-427.
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Yi Feng Wang & Ioana A. Cionea. Am I incompetent or just afraid? Competence and apprehension as predictors of intercultural willingness to communicate. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication 0:0, pages 1-18.
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Articles from other publishers (90)

Robert Kirkpatrick, Hossein Vafadar & Hassan Mohebbi. (2024) A scoping review of willingness to communicate in language education: premises to doubt, lessons to learn, and future research questions to examine. Language Testing in Asia 14:1.
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Hui Wang, Meagan M. Patterson & Anqi Peng. (2024) Predictors of second language willingness to communicate among US undergraduate students: Classroom social climate, emotions, and language mindset. Language Teaching Research.
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Mohammad Reza Anani Sarab & Behnam Jabbarzadeh Sani. (2022) Enhancing Elementary EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate Through Communication Strategy Training透過溝通策略的訓練以提升初級EFL學習者的溝通意願. English Teaching & Learning 48:1, pages 117-144.
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Omar Ahmed M Alshaikhi, Saleh A Alshaikhi, Hassan Ali A AlZubaidi, Muslih Abdullah A Alzubaidi, Hassan Mohammed H Alfaqih, Ahmed Ali A Alrezqi, Mohsen Hashem S AlRashdi, Abdullah Ali A Alzubaidi, Mohannad Ahmed M Alshaikhi, Ramy M Ghazy & Ayoub A Alshaikh. (2023) Social Media Effect on Personal Self-Esteem Among the Population in Saudi Arabia. Cureus.
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Yasushi Tsubota, Tsutomu Inagaki, Takayuki Nozawa & Yasushige Ishikawa. 2023. Telecollaboration Applications in Foreign Language Classrooms. Telecollaboration Applications in Foreign Language Classrooms 23 44 .
Shahin Nematizadeh & Yiqian (Katherine) Cao. (2023) Investigating willingness to communicate in synchronous group discussion tasks: one step closer towards authentic communication. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 0:0.
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Na Liu & Yuanyuan Chai. 2023. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange (ICLACE 2023). Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange (ICLACE 2023) 442 450 .
Mustafa ELSAYED. (2022) EXPLORING FACTORS AFFECTING QASSIM UNIVERSITY EFL STUDENTS’ ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE SPEAKING SKILLS. IJASOS- International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences, pages 604-623.
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Marrit van de Guchte, Eline van Batenburg & Daphne van Weijen. (2022) Enhancing target language output through synchronous online learner-learner interaction. TASK. Journal on Task-Based Language Teaching and Learning TASK / Journal on Task-Based Language Teaching and Learning TASK 2:2, pages 218-247.
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Hassan Syed, Shumaila Memon, Zulfiqar Ali Chachar, Sharique Zameer & Tanweer Shah. (2021) Willingness to communicate in a second language and the promise of complex dynamic systems theory: A narrative review. Research in Education 113:1, pages 41-58.
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Juan Luis Nicolau, Pablo de Carlos Villamarín, Elisa Alén & Ana Pérez González. (2022) Asymmetric effects of extreme-moderate online reviews in the language-satisfaction relationship. Tourism Management 91, pages 104524.
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Peter D. MacIntyre & Tammy Gregersen. (2022) The idiodynamic method: willingness to communicate and anxiety processes interacting in real time. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 60:1, pages 67-84.
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Kevin Papin. (2022) L’impact de tâches communicatives de réalité virtuelle sur la volonté de communiquer à l’extérieur de la classe : perceptions d’apprenants de FLS à Montréal. The Canadian Modern Language Review 78:1, pages 52-74.
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Takehiko Ito. (2022) Effects of general trust as a personality trait on willingness to communicate in a second language. Personality and Individual Differences 185, pages 111286.
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Abbas Ali Rezaee & Mahsa Ghanbarpoor. 2022. Individual and Contextual Factors in the English Language Classroom. Individual and Contextual Factors in the English Language Classroom 141 162 .
Elvira Barrios & Irene Acosta-Manzano. (2021) Factors predicting classroom WTC in English and French as foreign languages among adult learners in Spain. Language Teaching Research, pages 136216882110540.
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Georgeta M. Hodis & Flaviu A. Hodis. (2021) Examining motivation predictors of key communication constructs: An investigation of regulatory focus, need satisfaction, and need frustration. Personality and Individual Differences 180, pages 110985.
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Hsing-Fu Cheng. (2021) The Effect of Language-specific Grit and Future Self-Guides on Willingness to Communicate in the Second Language語言恆毅力和未來自我指引對第二語言溝通意願的影響. English Teaching & Learning 45:3, pages 283-301.
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Takehiko Ito. (2021) The influence of psychological network on the willingness to communicate in a second language. PLOS ONE 16:9, pages e0256644.
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Ubaid Ullah Ubaid, Soubakeavathi Rethinasamy & Joseph Ramanair. (2021) Development and Validation of Willingness to Communicate, Language Use, and Motivation Questionnaires. Issues in Language Studies 10:1, pages 20-36.
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Anna Borkowska. 2021. Investigating Individual Learner Differences in Second Language Learning. Investigating Individual Learner Differences in Second Language Learning 95 113 .
Gholam Hassan Khajavy, Peter D. MacIntyre, Tahereh Taherian & Jessica Ross. 2021. New Perspectives on Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language. New Perspectives on Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language 169 197 .
Nourollah Zarrinabadi, Ensieh Khodarahmi & Hadis Shahbazi. 2021. New Perspectives on Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language. New Perspectives on Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language 155 167 .
Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel. 2021. New Perspectives on Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language. New Perspectives on Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language 135 153 .
Małgorzata Baran-Łucarz. 2021. New Perspectives on Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language. New Perspectives on Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language 85 117 .
Mehmet SAK. (2020) The role of ideal L2 self in predicting L2 willingness to communicate inside and outside the classroom. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, pages 189-203.
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Chaochang Wang & Wen-Ta Tseng. (2020) Toward an Instructional WTC-Mediated Model for L2 Classroom Interaction. SAGE Open 10:3, pages 215824402094352.
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Merve ÖKSÜZ ZEREY & Paşa Tevfik CEPHE. (2020) An investigation into the relationship between willingness to communicate and classroom environment in a Turkish EFL context. Dil ve Dilbilimi Çalışmaları Dergisi 16:2, pages 896-911.
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Elouise Botes, Juliana Gottschling, Matthias Stadler & Samuel Greiff. (2020) A systematic narrative review of International Posture: What is known and what still needs to be uncovered. System 90, pages 102232.
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Laura Gurzynski-Weiss. 2020. Cross-theoretical Explorations of Interlocutors and their Individual Differences. Cross-theoretical Explorations of Interlocutors and their Individual Differences 248 266 .
Heng Zhang & Robert Andrew Dunn. 2020. Young Adult Sexuality in the Digital Age. Young Adult Sexuality in the Digital Age 176 193 .
BAŞÖZ TUTKU & HAKKI ERTEN İSMAİL. (2020) A PATH ANALYTIC EXPLORATION INTO PREDICTORS OF WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE AMONG ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS. i-manager’s Journal on English Language Teaching 10:2, pages 36.
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Yiqian Katherine Cao & Wei Wei. (2019) Willingness to communicate from an English as an International Language (EIL) perspective: The case of Macau. System 87, pages 102149.
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Haniyeh Jajarmi, Sahar Tabatabaee Farani & Shaghayegh Shayesteh. (2019) An Investigation into Language Learners’ L2WTC by Casting a New Look at Feedback Through the Lenses of Life-Responsive Approach to Language Teaching通过生命视角重新审视语言学习者的L2WTC对语言教学的反应. English Teaching & Learning 43:4, pages 337-351.
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Majid Elahi Shirvan, Gholam Hassan Khajavy, Peter D. MacIntyre & Tahereh Taherian. (2019) A Meta-analysis of L2 Willingness to Communicate and Its Three High-Evidence Correlates. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 48:6, pages 1241-1267.
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Peter MacIntyre & Emily MacKay. (2019) Desire for control and personality as predictors of three communication traits in a public speaking context. Current Issues in Personality Psychology 7:3, pages 212-219.
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Hossein Makiabadi, Reza Pishghadam, Elham Naji Meidani & Gholam Hassan Khajavy. (2019) Examining the Role of Emotioncy in Willingness to Communicate: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Revista de Psicodidáctica (English ed.) 24:2, pages 120-130.
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Hossein Makiabadi, Reza Pishghadam, Elham Naji Meidani & Gholam Hassan Khajavy. (2019) Examinar el papel de la «emotioncy» en la voluntad de comunicarse: un enfoque de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Revista de Psicodidáctica 24:2, pages 120-130.
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Yi-Ti Lin. (2018) Taiwanese EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate in English in the Classroom: Impacts of Personality, Affect, Motivation, and Communication Confidence. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 28:2, pages 101-113.
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ELINE S. L. VAN BATENBURG, RON J. OOSTDAM, AMOS J. S. VAN GELDEREN, RUBEN G. FUKKINK & NIVJA H. DE JONG. (2019) Oral Interaction in the EFL Classroom: The Effects of Instructional Focus and Task Type on Learner Affect. The Modern Language Journal 103:1, pages 308-326.
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Mutahar Al‐Murtadha. (2018) Enhancing EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate With Visualization and Goal‐Setting Activities . TESOL Quarterly 53:1, pages 133-157.
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Kym Taylor Reid & Pavel Trofimovich. (2018) Exploring the influence of community volunteerism on adult L2 learners’ willingness to communicate. System 74, pages 73-86.
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Tomoko Yashima, Peter D. MacIntyre & Maiko Ikeda. (2016) Situated willingness to communicate in an L2: Interplay of individual characteristics and context. Language Teaching Research 22:1, pages 115-137.
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Marina Puzakova & Hyokjin Kwak. (2017) Should Anthropomorphized Brands Engage Customers? The Impact of Social Crowding on Brand Preferences. Journal of Marketing 81:6, pages 99-115.
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Meltem Huri Baturay & Sacip Toker. (2016) Self-Esteem Shapes the Impact of GPA and General Health on Facebook Addiction. Social Science Computer Review 35:5, pages 555-575.
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Reza Khany & Ali Mansouri Nejad. (2016) L2 Willingness to Communicate, Openness to Experience, Extraversion, and L2 Unwillingness to Communicate: The Iranian EFL Context. RELC Journal 48:2, pages 241-255.
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Johannes Marcelus Kraak & Jonas Holmqvist. (2017) The authentic service employee: Service employees' language use for authentic service experiences. Journal of Business Research 72, pages 199-209.
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Vatsana Vongsila & Hayo Reinders. (2016) Making Asian Learners Talk: Encouraging Willingness to Communicate. RELC Journal 47:3, pages 331-347.
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Shima Ghahari & Sima Ahmadinejad. (2016) Performance on a Triangulated Reading Test Battery: A Study of Language Learners’ Individual Differences and Retrospective Perceptions. Psychological Studies 61:3, pages 245-258.
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Gholam Hassan Khajavy, Behzad Ghonsooly, Azar Hosseini Fatemi & Charles W. Choi. (2014) Willingness to Communicate in English: A Microsystem Model in the Iranian EFL Classroom Context . TESOL Quarterly 50:1, pages 154-180.
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Nourollah Zarrinabadi & Nooshin Tanbakooei. (2016) Willingness to Communicate: Rise, Development, and Some Future Directions. Language and Linguistics Compass 10:1, pages 30-45.
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KATRIJN DENIES, TOMOKO YASHIMA & RIANNE JANSSEN. (2015) Classroom Versus Societal Willingness to Communicate: Investigating French as a Second Language in Flanders. The Modern Language Journal 99:4, pages 718-739.
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Miao Yu. (2015) An examination of the dynamic feature of WTC through dyadic group interaction. System 55, pages 11-20.
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Yiqian Katherine Cao. (2014) A Sociocognitive Perspective on Second Language Classroom Willingness to Communicate. TESOL Quarterly 48:4, pages 789-814.
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Jonas Holmqvist, Yves Van Vaerenbergh & Christian Grönroos. (2014) Consumer willingness to communicate in a second language. Management Decision 52:5, pages 950-966.
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Nourollah Zarrinabadi. (2014) Communicating in a second language: Investigating the effect of teacher on learners' willingness to communicate. System 42, pages 288-295.
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Nasser Fallah. (2014) Willingness to communicate in English, communication self-confidence, motivation, shyness and teacher immediacy among Iranian English-major undergraduates: A structural equation modeling approach. Learning and Individual Differences 30, pages 140-147.
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Margherita Pagani, Ronald E. Goldsmith & Charles F. Hofacker. (2013) Extraversion as a stimulus for user-generated content. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 7:4, pages 242-256.
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Jian Peng. (2013) The Challenge of Measuring Willingness to Communicate in EFL Contexts. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 22:3, pages 281-290.
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Mansoor Fahim, Hadi Hamidi & Saeid Najafi Sarem. (2013) Investigating the Role of Teachers’ Self-monitoring in the Learners’ Willingness to Communicate: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners. Journal of Language Teaching and Research 4:3.
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Mie Ae Jung. (2010) Korean University Students’ Willingness to Communicate. Studies in English Language & Literature 36:1, pages 283-311.
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