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Leisure Sciences
An Interdisciplinary Journal
Volume 1, 1978 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

The influence of experience expectations on crowding perceptions and social‐psychological carrying capacities

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Pages 373-394 | Published online: 13 Jul 2009

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Read on this site (41)

Walter F. Kuentzel, Thomas A. Heberlein & Daniel W. McCollum. (2022) Why do normative encounter standards change? The social evolution of recreational crowding. Journal of Leisure Research 53:3, pages 357-376.
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Dan R. Reineman & Nicole M. Ardoin. (2018) Sustainable tourism and the management of nearshore coastal places: place attachment and disruption to surf-spots. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 26:2, pages 325-340.
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Mohammad M. Alazaizeh, Jeffrey C. Hallo, Sheila J. Backman, William C. Norman & Melissa A. Vogel. (2016) Crowding standards at Petra Archaeological Park: a comparative study of McKercher's five types of heritage tourists. Journal of Heritage Tourism 11:4, pages 364-381.
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Akihiro Araya, Taketo Naoi & Shoji Iijima. (2016) The Effects of Westerners’ Presence on Japanese Evaluations of a Historic District: The Case of Takayama City. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 33:5, pages 628-644.
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Judit Díaz-Sauceda, Ramon Palau-Saumell, Santiago Forgas-Coll & Javier Sánchez-García. (2015) Cross-border tourists' behavioral intentions: the Green Line of Nicosia, Cyprus. Tourism Geographies 17:5, pages 758-779.
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Anna S. Mattila & Lydia Hanks. (2012) Time Styles and Waiting in Crowded Service Environments. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 29:4, pages 327-334.
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Shannon Dickson & TroyE. Hall. (2006) An Examination of Whitewater Boaters' Expectations: Are Pre-Trip and Post-Trip Measures Consistent?. Leisure Sciences 28:1, pages 1-16.
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Gerard Kyle, Alan Graefe & Robert Manning. (2003) Satisfaction derived through leisure involvement and setting attachment. Leisure/Loisir 28:3-4, pages 277-305.
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MichaelA. Tarrant, H. Kenneth Cordell & TamelaL. Kibler. (1997) Measuring perceived crowding for high‐density river recreation: The effects of situational conditions and personal factors. Leisure Sciences 19:2, pages 97-112.
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Michael J. Manfredo, B. L. Driver & Michael A. Tarrant. (1996) Measuring Leisure Motivation: A Meta-Analysis of the Recreation Experience Preference Scales. Journal of Leisure Research 28:3, pages 188-213.
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Michael A. Tarrant & Donald B. K. English. (1996) A Crowding-based Model of Social Carrying Capacity: Applications For Whitewater Boating Use. Journal of Leisure Research 28:3, pages 155-168.
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Shannon Gibbons & EdwardJ. Ruddell. (1995) The effect of goal orientation and place dependence on select goal interferences among winter backcountry users. Leisure Sciences 17:3, pages 171-183.
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StevenV. Simpson & LeoH. McAvoy. (1994) Potential of legislative histories in federal resource management: Case study of the New River Gorge National River. Society & Natural Resources 7:6, pages 551-560.
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EdwardJ. Ruddell & JamesH. Gramann. (1994) Goal orientation, norms, and noise‐induced conflict among recreation area users. Leisure Sciences 16:2, pages 93-104.
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Alan E. Watson, Joseph W. Roggenbuck & Daniel R. Williams. (1991) The Influence of Past Experience on Wilderness Choice. Journal of Leisure Research 23:1, pages 21-36.
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Bo Shelby, JerryJ. Vaske & ThomasA. Heberlein. (1989) Comparative analysis of crowding in multiple locations: Results from fifteen years of research. Leisure Sciences 11:4, pages 269-291.
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Reiner Jaakson. (1989) Recreation boating spatial patterns: Theory and management. Leisure Sciences 11:2, pages 85-98.
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William P. Stewart & Edwin H. Carpenter. (1989) Solitude at Grand Canyon: an application of expectancy theory. Journal of Leisure Research 21:1, pages 4-17.
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Daniel R. Williams, Gary D. Ellis, Norma P. Nickerson & C. Scott Shafer. (1988) Contributions of Time, Format, and Subject to Variation in Recreation Experience Preference Measurement. Journal of Leisure Research 20:1, pages 57-68.
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Timothy G. Gregoire & B. L. Driver. (1987) Type II Errors in Leisure Research. Journal of Leisure Research 19:4, pages 261-272.
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Robert E. Manning. (1985) Crowding Norms in Backcountry Settings: A Review and Synthesis. Journal of Leisure Research 17:2, pages 75-89.
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F. Andrew Schoolmaster & JohnW. Frazier. (1985) An analysis of angler preferences for fishery management strategies. Leisure Sciences 7:3, pages 321-342.
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AlanR. Graefe, JerryJ. Vaske & FredR. Kuss. (1984) Social carrying capacity: An integration and synthesis of twenty years of research. Leisure Sciences 6:4, pages 395-431.
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JamesH. Gramann & RabelJ. Burdge. (1984) Crowding perception determinants at intensively developed outdoor recreation sites. Leisure Sciences 6:2, pages 167-186.
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William E. Hammitt, Cary D. McDonald & Frank P. Noe. (1984) Use Level and Encounters: Important Variables of Perceived Crowding Among Nonspecialized Recreationists. Journal of Leisure Research 16:1, pages 1-8.
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Bo Shelby, ThomasA. Heberlein, JerryJ. Vaske & Geraldine Alfano. (1983) Expectations, preferences, and feeling crowded in recreation activities∗ . Leisure Sciences 6:1, pages 1-14.
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WilliamE. Hammitt. (1983) Toward an ecological approach to perceived crowding in outdoor recreation. Leisure Sciences 5:4, pages 309-320.
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RobertB. Ditton, AnthonyJ. Fedler & AlanR. Graefe. (1983) Factors contributing to perceptions of recreational crowding. Leisure Sciences 5:4, pages 273-288.
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RichardC. Knopf, GeorgeL. Peterson & EarlC. Leatherberry. (1983) Motives for recreational river floating: Relative consistency across settings. Leisure Sciences 5:3, pages 231-255.
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Thomas Buchanan. (1983) Toward an Understanding of Variability in Satisfactions Within Activities. Journal of Leisure Research 15:1, pages 39-51.
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DonaldH. Rosenthal, DavidA. Waldman & B.L. Driver. (1982) Construct validity of instruments measuring recreationists’ preferences. Leisure Sciences 5:2, pages 89-108.
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J. D. Wellman, M. S. Dawson & J. W. Roggenbuck. (1982) Park Managers' Predictions of the Motivations of Visitors to Two National Park Service Areas. Journal of Leisure Research 14:1, pages 1-15.
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Gordon Bultena, Donald Field, Peter Womble & Don Albrecht. (1981) Closing the gates: A study of backcountry use‐limitation at Mount McKinley National Park. Leisure Sciences 4:3, pages 249-267.
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JamesD. Absher & RobertG. Lee. (1981) Density as an incomplete cause of crowding in backcountry settings. Leisure Sciences 4:3, pages 231-247.
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James H. Gramann & Rabel J. Burdge. (1981) The Effect of Recreation Goals on Conflict Perception: The Case of Water Skiers and Fishermen. Journal of Leisure Research 13:1, pages 15-27.
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JerryJ. Vaske, MaureenP. Donnelly & ThomasA. Heberlein. (1980) Perceptions of crowding and resource quality by early and more recent visitors. Leisure Sciences 3:4, pages 367-381.
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R.H. Becker, W.A. Gates & B.J. Niemann. (1980) Establishing representative sample designs with aerial photographic observations. Leisure Sciences 3:3, pages 277-300.
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