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Leisure Sciences
An Interdisciplinary Journal
Volume 1, 1978 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Visitors to national parks: A test of the elitism argument

Gordon L. Bultena Professor of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
&
Donald R. Field Regional Chief Scientist/Research Sociologist, National Park Service, ; Professor of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Pages 395-409 | Published online: 13 Jul 2009

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Xiao Xiao, KangJae Jerry Lee & Lincoln R. Larson. (2022) Who visits U.S. national parks (and who doesn’t)? A national study of perceived constraints and vacation preferences across diverse populations. Journal of Leisure Research 53:3, pages 404-425.
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Joe Weber & Selima Sultana. (2013) The Civil Rights Movement and the Future of the National Park System in a Racially Diverse America. Tourism Geographies 15:3, pages 444-469.
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Joe Weber & Selima Sultana. (2013) Why Do So Few Minority People Visit National Parks? Visitation and the Accessibility of “America's Best Idea”. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 103:3, pages 437-464.
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RichardS. Krannich, A.E. Luloff & GeneL. Theodori. (2013) The Emergence, Evolution, and Maturation of Natural Resource Social Science: A “Field” Perspective. Society & Natural Resources 26:2, pages 122-133.
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Sandra Wall-Reinius & Lennart Bäck. (2011) Changes in Visitor Demand: Inter-year Comparisons of Swedish Hikers' Characteristics, Preferences and Experiences. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 11:sup1, pages 38-53.
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Derek Christopher Martin. (2004) Apartheid in the Great Outdoors: American Advertising and the Reproduction of a Racialized Outdoor Leisure Identity. Journal of Leisure Research 36:4, pages 513-535.
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Gerard Kyle, Alan Graefe & Robert Manning. (2003) Satisfaction derived through leisure involvement and setting attachment. Leisure/Loisir 28:3-4, pages 277-305.
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Myron F. Floyd & Cassandra Y. Johnson. (2002) Coming to Terms with Environmental Justice in Outdoor Recreation: A Conceptual Discussion with Research Implications. Leisure Sciences 24:1, pages 59-77.
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Thomas A. More. (1999) A Functionalist Approach to User Fees. Journal of Leisure Research 31:3, pages 227-244.
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Myron F. Floyd. (1998) Getting Beyond Marginality and Ethnicity: The Challenge for Race and Ethnic Studies in Leisure Research. Journal of Leisure Research 30:1, pages 3-22.
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GordonJ. Walker & K. Jill Kiecolt. (1995) Social class and wilderness use. Leisure Sciences 17:4, pages 295-308.
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RobertD. Bixler, CynthiaL. Carlisle, WilliamE. Hammltt & MyronF. Floyd. (1994) Observed Fears and Discomforts among Urban Students on Field Trips to Wildland Areas. The Journal of Environmental Education 26:1, pages 24-33.
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Michael D. Woodard. (1988) “Class, Regionality, and Leisure Among Urban Black Americans: The Post-Civil Rights Era”. Journal of Leisure Research 20:2, pages 87-105.
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Steve Dennis & ErvinH. Zube. (1988) Voluntary association membership of outdoor recreationists: An exploratory study. Leisure Sciences 10:4, pages 229-245.
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Ray Hutchison. (1988) A Critique of Race, Ethnicity, and Social Class in Recent Leisure-Recreation Research. Journal of Leisure Research 20:1, pages 10-30.
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SeppoE. Iso-Ahola. (1983) Towards a social psychology of recreational travel. Leisure Studies 2:1, pages 45-56.
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GordonL. Bultena & DonaldR. Field. (1980) Structural effects in national parkgoing. Leisure Sciences 3:3, pages 221-240.
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Articles from other publishers (10)

Junyu Lu, Xiao Huang, John A. Kupfer, Xiao Xiao, Zhenlong Li, Hanxue Wei, Sicheng Wang & Liao Zhu. (2023) Spatial, temporal, and social dynamics in visitation to U.S. national parks: A big data approach. Tourism Management Perspectives 48, pages 101143.
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Xing-ju Shen, Rui-hong Huang & Jin-shan Zhang. (2019) U.S. national parks accessibility and visitation. Journal of Mountain Science 16:12, pages 2894-2906.
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Alan R. Graefe & Robert C. Burns. (2013) Testing a mediation model of customer service and satisfaction in outdoor recreation. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 3-4, pages 36-46.
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Amalia Triantafillidou & George Siomkos. (2013) Summer camping. Journal of Vacation Marketing 19:3, pages 197-208.
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STEPHEN R. ESPINER & DAVID G. SIMMONS. (2008) A National Park Revisited Assessing Change in Recreational Use of Arthur's Pass National Park. New Zealand Geographer 54:1, pages 37-45.
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Bruce Wicks, Muzaffer Uysal & Sookon Kim. (2016) The Effect of Lodging Prices On Visitors' Demand: Everglades National Park. Hospitality Research Journal 17:2, pages 51-61.
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Elizabeth L. Dunn Ross & Seppo E. Iso-Ahola. (1991) Sightseeing tourists' motivation and satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research 18:2, pages 226-237.
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John D. Shultis. (1989) Images and use of New Zealand's protected areas by domestic and international visitors. GeoJournal 19:3, pages 329-335.
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Richard C. Knopf. 1983. Behavior and the Natural Environment. Behavior and the Natural Environment 205 240 .
Karen A. Conner & Gordon L. Bultena. (2007) SOCIAL CLASS DIFFERENCES IN RESERVOIR VISITS 1 . JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 17:6, pages 1086-1088.
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