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Separation Science and Technology Volume 27, 1992 - Issue 11
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Original Articles

Optimization of Transport-Driven Continuous SPLITT Fractionation

J. Calvin Giddings FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, 84112
Pages 1489-1504 | Received 29 Oct 1991, Published online: 23 Sep 2006

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Seungho Lee, Sung Kwang Cho, Jin Woo Yoon, Seong-Ho Choi, Jong-Han Chun, Chul Hun Eum & HaiDoo Kwen. (2009) REMOVAL OF AGGREGATES FROM MICRON-SIZED POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE (PMMA) LATEX BEADS USING FULL FEED DEPLETION MODE OF GRAVITATIONAL SPLITT FRACTIONATION (FFD-GSF). Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 33:1, pages 27-36.
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Jonathan Storey, Phil Douglas, Phil Ligrani & Karl Morten. (2009) Buoyancy-Driven Continuous SPLITT Fractionation: A New Technique for Separation of Microspheres. Separation Science and Technology 44:9, pages 1895-1922.
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S. Gupta, P.M. Ligrani & J.C. Giddings. (1997) Investigations of Performance Characteristics Including Limitations Due to Flow Instabilities in Continuous SPLITT Fractionation. Separation Science and Technology 32:10, pages 1629-1655.
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C. Bor Fuh, EdwardM. Trujillo & J. Calvin Giddings. (1995) Hydrodynamic Characterization of SPLITT Fractionation Cells. Separation Science and Technology 30:20, pages 3861-3876.
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Catia Contado. 2022. Particle Separation Techniques. Particle Separation Techniques 63 114 .
Philip Stephen Williams. 2022. Particle Separation Techniques. Particle Separation Techniques 579 620 .
Albert Szparaga, Tomasz Kowalkowski & Bogusław Buszewski. (2018) Mathematical modeling of full feed depletion split-flow lateral-transport thin self-adjustable channels (FFD-SPLITT-SA). Journal of Chromatography A 1552, pages 67-72.
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Titus A. M. Msagati. 2017. Food Forensics and Toxicology. Food Forensics and Toxicology 177 207 .
Philip Stephen Williams, Michel Martin & Mauricio Hoyos. (2017) Acoustophoretic Mobility and Its Role in Optimizing Acoustofluidic Separations. Analytical Chemistry 89:12, pages 6543-6550.
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Chul Hun Eum, Ahrahm Noh, Jaeyeong Choi, Yeongsuk Yoo, Woon Jung Kim & Seungho Lee. (2015) Optimization of fractionation efficiency (FE) and throughput (TP) in a large scale splitter less full-feed depletion SPLITT fractionation (Large scale FFD-SF). Analytical Science and Technology 28:6, pages 453-459.
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Yeongsuk Yoo, Jaeyeong Choi, Woon Jung Kim, Chul Hun Eum, Euo Chang Jung & Seungho Lee. (2014) Large scale splitter-less FFD-SPLITT fractionation: effect of flow rate and channel thickness on fractionation efficiency. Analytical Science and Technology 27:1, pages 34-40.
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Yongjin Sung, Niyom Lue, Bashar Hamza, Joseph Martel, Daniel Irimia, Ramachandra R. Dasari, Wonshik Choi, Zahid Yaqoob & Peter So. (2014) Three-Dimensional Holographic Refractive-Index Measurement of Continuously Flowing Cells in a Microfluidic Channel. Physical Review Applied 1:1.
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Dong Young Kang, Chul Hun Eum & Seungho Lee. (2014) Characterization of Fly Ash by Field-Flow Fractionation Combined with SPLITT Fractionation and Compositional Analysis by ICP-OES. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 35:1, pages 69-75.
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Hyo Jae Choi, Woon Jung Kim, Chul Hun Eum & Seungho Lee. (2013) Investigation on sample throughput of large scale splitter-less gravitational SPLITT fractionation (GSF). Analytical Science and Technology 26:1, pages 34-41.
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Nguyen ThanhP Williams. 2012. Magnetic Nanoparticles. Magnetic Nanoparticles 301 332 .
Seung-Ho Lee, Ji-Yeon Lee, Tae-Woo Lee, Euo-Chang Jung & Sung-Kwang Cho. (2011) Effect of Sample-loading on Fractionation Efficiency (FE) in a Large Scale Splitter-less Gravitational SPLITT Fractionation (GSF). Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 32:12, pages 4291-4296.
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Mauricio Hoyos, Lee Moore, P. Stephen Williams & Maciej Zborowski. (2011) The use of a linear Halbach array combined with a step-SPLITT channel for continuous sorting of magnetic species. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 323:10, pages 1384-1388.
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Seungho Lee, Tae Woo Lee, Sung Kwang Cho, Sun Tae Kim, Dong Yong Kang, HaiDoo Kwen, Sung Kwang Lee & Chul Hun Eum. (2010) Implementation of splitter-less SPLITT fractionation and its application to large scale-fractionation of sea sediment. Microchemical Journal 95:1, pages 11-19.
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Claire Ratier & Mauricio Hoyos. (2010) Acoustic Programming in Step-Split-Flow Lateral-Transport Thin Fractionation. Analytical Chemistry 82:4, pages 1318-1325.
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Thomas Schneider, Stephan Karl, Lee R. Moore, Jeffrey J. Chalmers, P. Stephen Williams & Maciej Zborowski. (2010) Sequential CD34 cellfractionation by magnetophoresis in a magnetic dipole flow sorter. The Analyst 135:1, pages 62-70.
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P. Stephen Williams, Francesca Carpino & Maciej Zborowski. (2009) Magnetic Nanoparticle Drug Carriers and Their Study by Quadrupole Magnetic Field-Flow Fractionation. Molecular Pharmaceutics 6:5, pages 1290-1306.
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Barbara Roda, Andrea Zattoni, Pierluigi Reschiglian, Myeong Hee Moon, Mara Mirasoli, Elisa Michelini & Aldo Roda. (2009) Field-flow fractionation in bioanalysis: A review of recent trends. Analytica Chimica Acta 635:2, pages 132-143.
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Anna De Momi & Jamie. R. Lead. (2008) Behaviour of environmental aquatic nanocolloids when separated by split-flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT). Science of The Total Environment 405:1-3, pages 317-323.
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P. Stephen Williams, Mauricio Hoyos, Pascal Kurowski, Dorra Salhi, Lee R. Moore & Maciej Zborowski. (2008) Characterization of Nonspecific Crossover in Split-Flow Thin Channel Fractionation. Analytical Chemistry 80:18, pages 7105-7115.
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Dino Di Carlo, Jon F. Edd, Daniel Irimia, Ronald G. Tompkins & Mehmet Toner. (2008) Equilibrium Separation and Filtration of Particles Using Differential Inertial Focusing. Analytical Chemistry 80:6, pages 2204-2211.
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Dino Di Carlo, Daniel Irimia, Ronald G. Tompkins & Mehmet Toner. (2007) Continuous inertial focusing, ordering, and separation of particles in microchannels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:48, pages 18892-18897.
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Maciej Zborowski, P. Stephen Williams, Lee R. Moore, Jeffrey J. Chalmers & Peter A. Zimmerman. 2007. Magnetic Cell Separation. Magnetic Cell Separation 331 412 .
Hweiyan Tsai, Ying S Fang & C Bor Fuh. (2006) Analytical and preparative applications of magnetic split-flow thin fractionation on several ion-labeled red blood cells. BioMagnetic Research and Technology 4:1.
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Nithin Narayanan, Avinash Saldanha & Bruce K. Gale. (2006) A microfabricated electrical SPLITT system. Lab Chip 6:1, pages 105-114.
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Maria-Anna Benincasa, Lee R. Moore, P. Stephen Williams, Earl Poptic, Francesca Carpino & Maciej Zborowski. (2005) Cell Sorting by One Gravity SPLITT Fractionation. Analytical Chemistry 77:16, pages 5294-5301.
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Manoj Kumar, Donald L. Feke & Joanne M. Belovich. (2005) Fractionation of cell mixtures using acoustic and laminar flow fields. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 89:2, pages 129-137.
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Dorra Salhi, Mauricio Hoyos & Pascal Kurowski. (2004) Séparation de particules microniques par focalisation hydrodynamique. Mécanique & Industries 5:5, pages 589-596.
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P. Stephen Williams, Keith Decker, Masayuki Nakamura, Jeffrey J. Chalmers, Lee R. Moore & Maciej Zborowski. (2003) Splitter Imperfections in Annular Split-Flow Thin Separation Channels:  Experimental Study of Nonspecific Crossover. Analytical Chemistry 75:23, pages 6687-6695.
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Myeong Hee Moon, Dukjin Kang, So‐Yeon Kwon & Seungho Lee. (2003) Increased size‐sorting performance in gravitational SPLITT by using a pinched sample inlet design. Journal of Separation Science 26:18, pages 1675-1682.
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C.Bor Fuh, H.Y Tsai & J.Z Lai. (2003) Development of magnetic split-flow thin fractionation for continuous particle separation. Analytica Chimica Acta 497:1-2, pages 115-122.
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Alazar N. Ghebremeskel & Arijit Bose. (2003) A continuous, hybrid field-gradient device for magnetic colloid-based separations. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 261:1-2, pages 66-72.
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Catia Contado & Francesco Dondi. (2003) Analytical SPLITT cell fractionation: Linearity and resolution study. Journal of Separation Science 26:5, pages 351-362.
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P. Stephen Williams, Lee R. Moore, Jeffrey J. Chalmers & Maciej Zborowski. (2003) Splitter Imperfections in Annular Split-Flow Thin Separation Channels:  Effect on Nonspecific Crossover. Analytical Chemistry 75:6, pages 1365-1373.
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Myeong Hee Moon, Dukjin Kang, Heungbin Lim, Jeong-Eun Oh & Yoon-Seok Chang. (2002) Continuous Fractionation of Fly Ash Particles by SPLITT for the Investigation of PCDD/Fs Levels in Different Sizes of Insoluble Particles. Environmental Science & Technology 36:20, pages 4416-4423.
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Catia Contado & Francesco Dondi. (2001) Barley Starch Granules Subject to SPLITT Cell Fractionation and Sd/StFFF Size Characterization. Starch - Stärke 53:9, pages 414-423.
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Myeong Hee Moon, Dukjin Kang, Dai Woon Lee & Yoon-Seok Chang. (2000) On-Line Particle Concentrator with Upstream Ultrafiltration in Continuous SPLITT Fractionation. Analytical Chemistry 73:3, pages 693-697.
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Helmut Cölfen & Markus Antonietti. 2000. New Developments in Polymer Analytics I. New Developments in Polymer Analytics I 67 187 .
P. Stephen Williams, Maciej Zborowski & Jeffrey J. Chalmers. (1999) Flow Rate Optimization for the Quadrupole Magnetic Cell Sorter. Analytical Chemistry 71:17, pages 3799-3807.
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Catia Contado, Filomena Riello, Gabriella Blo & Francesco Dondi. (1999) Continuous split flow-thin cell fractionation of starch particles. Journal of Chromatography A 845:1-2, pages 303-316.
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Maciej Zborowski, Liping Sun, Lee R Moore, P Stephen Williams & Jeffrey J Chalmers. (1999) Continuous cell separation using novel magnetic quadrupole flow sorter. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 194:1-3, pages 224-230.
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Yong Jiang, Michael E. Miller, Marcia E. Hansen, Marcus N. Myers & P.Stephen Williams. (1999) Fractionation and size analysis of magnetic particles using FFF and SPLITT technologies. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 194:1-3, pages 53-61.
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Supriya Gupta, Phillip M. Ligrani & J.Calvin Giddings. (1999) Characteristics of flow instabilities from unstable stratification of density in channel shear layers at low Reynolds numbers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 42:6, pages 1023-1036.
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C. Bor Fuh & S.Y. Chen. (1998) Magnetic split-flow thin fractionation: new technique for separation of magnetically susceptible particles. Journal of Chromatography A 813:2, pages 313-324.
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Phillip M. Ligrani, Supriya Gupta & J.Calvin Giddings. (1998) Onset and effects of instabilities from unstable stratification of density on mass transfer in channel shear layers at low Reynolds numbers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 41:12, pages 1667-1679.
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Catia Contado, Francesco Dondi, Ronald Beckett & J.Calvin Giddings. (1997) Separation of particulate environmental samples by SPLITT fractionation using different operating modes. Analytica Chimica Acta 345:1-3, pages 99-110.
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Yong Jiang, Andre Kummerow & Marcia Hansen. (1998) Preparative particle separation by continuous SPLITT fractionation. Journal of Microcolumn Separations 9:4, pages 261-273.
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Supriya Gupta, Phillip M. Ligrani, Marcus N. Myers & Calvin Giddings. (1997) Resolution deterioration and optimal operating conditions in centrifugal SPLITT fractionation. Part I: Stable density gradients. Journal of Microcolumn Separations 9:3, pages 213-223.
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C. Bor Fuh & J. Calvin Giddings. (1997) Separation of submicron pharmaceutic emulsions with centrifugal split-flow thin (SPLITT) fractionation. Journal of Microcolumn Separations 9:3, pages 205-211.
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Marcus N. Myers. (1997) Overview of field-flow fractionation. Journal of Microcolumn Separations 9:3, pages 151-162.
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Dwayne A. Johnson & Donald L. Feke. (1995) Methodology for fractionating suspended particles using ultrasonic standing wave and divided flow fields. Separations Technology 5:4, pages 251-258.
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C. Bor Fuh & J. Calvin Giddings. (2008) Isolation of Human Blood Cells, Platelets, and Plasma Proteins by Centrifugal SPLITT Fractionation. Biotechnology Progress 11:1, pages 14-20.
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