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Original Paper

Fear of childbirth and obstetrical events as predictors of postnatal symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder

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Pages 239-242 | Received 28 Feb 2006, Accepted 04 Jun 2007, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (9)

Fatemeh Rashidi, Mojgan Mirghafourvand & Jamileh Malakouti. (2023) Fear of childbirth and its relationship with anxiety and depression among Iranian fathers: a descriptive study. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 0:0, pages 1-14.
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Zahra Hajarian Abhari, Fatemeh Zahra Karimi, Ziba Taghizdeh, Seyed Reza Mazloum & Seyyed Mohsen Asghari Nekah. (2022) Effects of counseling based on Gamble’s approach on psychological birth trauma in primiparous women: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 35:4, pages 668-676.
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Lisa de Bruijn, Claire A. Stramrood, Mijke P. Lambregtse-van den Berg & Nathaly Rius Ottenheim. (2020) Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 41:1, pages 5-14.
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Yeela Tomsis, Marc Gelkopf, Hanoch Yerushalmi & Yaniv Zipori. (2018) Different coping strategies influence the development of PTSD among first-time mothers. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 31:10, pages 1304-1310.
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Hanna Rouhe, Katariina Salmela-Aro, Riikka Toivanen, Maiju Tokola, Erja Halmesmäki, Elsa-Lena Ryding & Terhi Saisto. (2015) Group psychoeducation with relaxation for severe fear of childbirth improves maternal adjustment and childbirth experience – a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 36:1, pages 1-9.
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Nancy Verreault, Deborah Da Costa, André Marchand, Kierla Ireland, Maria Dritsa & Samir Khalifé. (2014) Rates and risk factors associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy and with postpartum onset. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 35:3, pages 84-91.
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Susanne Gürber, Daniela Bielinski-Blattmann, Sakari Lemola, Chantal Jaussi, Agnes von Wyl, Daniel Surbek, Alexander Grob & Werner Stadlmayr. (2012) Maternal mental health in the first 3-week postpartum: the impact of caregiver support and the subjective experience of childbirth – a longitudinal path model. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 33:4, pages 176-184.
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KimW. Boland-Prom & Nancy MacMullen. (2012) Expanding the Postpartum Depression Construct Using a Social Work Paradigm. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 22:6, pages 718-732.
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Claire A. I. Stramrood, K. Marieke Paarlberg, Elisabeth M. J. Huis In 't Veld, Leonard W. A. R. Berger, Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets, Willibrord C. M. Weijmar Schultz & Maria G. van Pampus. (2011) Posttraumatic stress following childbirth in homelike- and hospital settings. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 32:2, pages 88-97.
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Articles from other publishers (41)

Toshinori Kitamura, Mizuki Takegata, Yuriko Usui, Yukiko Ohashi, Satoshi Sohda, Jun Takeda, Tomomi Saito, Yasuyo Kasai, Hideki Watanabe, Megumi Haruna & Satoru Takeda. (2024) Tokophobia: Psychopathology and Diagnostic Consideration of Ten Cases. Healthcare 12:5, pages 519.
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Verinder Sharma & Sapna Sharma. (2023) Tocophobia: a nosological quagmire. Archives of Women's Mental Health 26:5, pages 713-715.
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Lee Roosevelt, Ruth Zielinski, Julia Seng & Lisa Kane Low. (2023) Measuring Fear of Childbirth Among a Diverse Population in the United States: A Revised Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Scale (WDEQ‐10). Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 68:5, pages 581-587.
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Jemima Carter, Debra Bick, Daniel Gallacher & Yan‐Shing Chang. (2022) Mode of birth and development of maternal postnatal post‐traumatic stress disorder: A mixed‐methods systematic review and meta‐analysis . Birth 49:4, pages 616-627.
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Sarra Ben‐Hassine, Margaux Chabbert, Patrick Rozenberg & Jaqueline Wendland. (2022) Prevalence, Evolution, and Predictive Factors of Symptoms of Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a French‐Speaking Cohort. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 67:4, pages 496-503.
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E. Bodin, V. Peretti, J. Rouillay, P.L. Tran & M. Boukerrou. (2022) Stress post traumatique et césarienne en extrême urgence : incidence et facteurs de risque. Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie  50:3, pages 240-260.
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Nichole Fairbrother, Fanie Collardeau, Arianne Albert & Kathrin Stoll. (2022) Screening for Perinatal Anxiety Using the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire: A New Measure of Fear of Childbirth. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:4, pages 2223.
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M.A. O'Connell, C.R. Martin & J. Jomeen. (2021) Reconsidering fear of birth: Language matters. Midwifery 102, pages 103079.
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Maeve Anne O'Connell, Ali S Khashan, Patricia Leahy-Warren, Fiona Stewart & Sinéad M O'Neill. (2021) Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021:7.
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Lakshmi Shiva, Geetha Desai, Veena A. Satyanarayana, Padmalatha Venkataram & Prabha S. Chandra. (2021) Negative Childbirth Experience and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder - A Study Among Postpartum Women in South India. Frontiers in Psychiatry 12.
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Bridget Frese Hutchens, Margaret L. Holland, Tanya Tanner & Holly Powell Kennedy. (2020) Does Perceived Quality of Care Moderate Postpartum Depression? A Secondary Analysis of a Two-Stage Survey. Maternal and Child Health Journal 25:4, pages 613-625.
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Antonio Hernández-Martínez, Sergio Martínez-Vazquez, Julián Rodríguez-Almagro, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez & Juan Martínez-Galiano. (2020) Elaboration and Validation of Two Predictive Models of Postpartum Traumatic Stress Disorder Risk Formed by Variables Related to the Birth Process: A Retrospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:1, pages 92.
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Yoshiko Suetsugu, Megumi Haruna & Kiyoko Kamibeppu. (2020) A longitudinal study of bonding failure related to aspects of posttraumatic stress symptoms after childbirth among Japanese mothers. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 20:1.
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Antonio Hernández-Martínez, Julian Rodríguez-Almagro, Milagros Molina-Alarcón, Nuria Infante-Torres, Ana Rubio-Álvarez & Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano. (2020) Perinatal factors related to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms 1–5 years following birth. Women and Birth 33:2, pages e129-e135.
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Regina P. Lederman & Karen L. WeisRegina P. Lederman & Karen L. Weis. 2020. Psychosocial Adaptation to Pregnancy. Psychosocial Adaptation to Pregnancy 199 227 .
Maeve Anne O'Connell, Sinéad M O'Neill, Eugene Dempsey, Ali S Khashan, Patricia Leahy-Warren, Rebecca MD Smyth & Louise C Kenny. (2019) Interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
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Antonio Hernández- Martínez, Julian Rodríguez-Almagro, Milagros Molina-Alarcón, Nuria Infante-Torres, Miriam Donate Manzanares & Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano. (2019) Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: Associated perinatal factors and quality of life. Journal of Affective Disorders 249, pages 143-150.
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Madeleine Simpson, Virginia Schmied, Cathy Dickson & Hannah G. Dahlen. (2018) Postnatal post-traumatic stress: An integrative review. Women and Birth 31:5, pages 367-379.
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Antonio Hernández Martínez, Julian Rodriguez Almagro, Milagros Molina Alarcón, Nuria Infante Torres, Ana Rubio Alvarez & Juan Miguel Martínez Galiano. (2018) WITHDRAWN: Post-traumatic stress disorder-related perinatal factors after the first postpartum year. Midwifery.
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Nichole Fairbrother, Dana S. Thordarson, Fiona L. Challacombe & John K. Sakaluk. (2018) Correlates and Predictors of New Mothers’ Responses to Postpartum Thoughts of Accidental and Intentional Harm and Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 46:4, pages 437-453.
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Kathrin Stoll, Emma Marie Swift, Nichole Fairbrother, Elizabeth Nethery & Patricia Janssen. (2017) A systematic review of nonpharmacological prenatal interventions for pregnancy‐specific anxiety and fear of childbirth. Birth 45:1, pages 7-18.
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Patricia Eckerdal, Marios K. Georgakis, Natasa Kollia, Anna‐Karin Wikström, Ulf Högberg & Alkistis Skalkidou. (2018) Delineating the association between mode of delivery and postpartum depression symptoms: a longitudinal study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 97:3, pages 301-311.
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Pelin Dikmen-Yildiz, Susan Ayers & Louise Phillips. (2017) Factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) 4–6 weeks and 6 months after birth: A longitudinal population-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders 221, pages 238-245.
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Mizuki Takegata, Megumi Haruna, Masayo Matsuzaki, Mie Shiraishi, Tadaharu Okano & Elisabeth Severinsson. (2017) Aetiological relationships between factors associated with postnatal traumatic symptoms among Japanese primiparas and multiparas: A longitudinal study. Midwifery 44, pages 14-23.
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Kathrin Stoll, Yvonne Hauck, Soo Downe, Joyce Edmonds, Mechthild M. Gross, Anne Malott, Patricia McNiven, Emma Swift, Gillian Thomson & Wendy A. Hall. (2016) Cross-cultural development and psychometric evaluation of a measure to assess fear of childbirth prior to pregnancy. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 8, pages 49-54.
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Andee Agius, Rita Borg Xuereb, Debbie Carrick-Sen, Roberta Sultana & Judith Rankin. (2016) The co-existence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the perinatal period: A systematic review. Midwifery 36, pages 70-79.
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S. Ayers, R. Bond, S. Bertullies & K. Wijma. (2016) The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework. Psychological Medicine 46:6, pages 1121-1134.
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P. Gosselin, K. Chabot, M. Béland, L. Goulet-Gervais & A.J.S. Morin. (2016) La peur de l’accouchement chez des nullipares : lien avec la douleur lors de l’accouchement, les symptômes de stress post-traumatique et les symptômes dépressifs post-partum. L'Encéphale 42:2, pages 191-196.
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A. F. Bell, C. S. Carter, J. M. Davis, J. Golding, O. Adejumo, M. Pyra, J. J. Connelly & L. H. Rubin. (2015) Childbirth and symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety: a prospective birth cohort study. Archives of Women's Mental Health 19:2, pages 219-227.
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Aynur Kızılırmak & Mürüvvet Başer. (2016) The effect of education given to primigravida women on fear of childbirth. Applied Nursing Research 29, pages 19-24.
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Tatiana Henriques, Claudia Leite de Moraes, Michael E. Reichenheim, Gustavo Lobato de Azevedo, Evandro Silva Freire Coutinho & Ivan Luiz de Vasconcellos Figueira. (2015) Transtorno do estresse pós-traumático no puerpério em uma maternidade de alto risco fetal no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31:12, pages 2523-2534.
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Analise O’Donovan, Kristie L. Alcorn, Jeff C. Patrick, Debra K. Creedy, Sharon Dawe & Grant J. Devilly. (2014) Predicting posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth. Midwifery 30:8, pages 935-941.
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Bettina Christl, Nicole Reilly, Michelle Smith, Deborah Sims, Fran Chavasse & Marie-Paule Austin. (2013) The mental health of mothers of unsettled infants: is there value in routine psychosocial assessment in this context?. Archives of Women's Mental Health 16:5, pages 391-399.
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C. Reck, K. Zimmer, S. Dubber, B. Zipser, B. Schlehe & S. Gawlik. (2013) The influence of general anxiety and childbirth-specific anxiety on birth outcome. Archives of Women's Mental Health 16:5, pages 363-369.
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LOUISE B. ANDERSEN, LISA B. MELVAER, POUL VIDEBECH, RONALD F. LAMONT & JAN S. JOERGENSEN. (2012) Risk factors for developing post‐traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: a systematic review. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 91:11, pages 1261-1272.
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Nancy Verreault, Deborah Da Costa, André Marchand, Kierla Ireland, Hailey Banack, Maria Dritsa & Samir Khalifé. (2012) PTSD following childbirth: A prospective study of incidence and risk factors in Canadian women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 73:4, pages 257-263.
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Zahra Alipour, Minoor Lamyian & Ebrahim Hajizadeh. (2012) Anxiety and fear of childbirth as predictors of postnatal depression in nulliparous women. Women and Birth 25:3, pages e37-e43.
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Nor Zuraida Zainal, Anandjit Singh Kaka, Chong Guan Ng, Rosy Jawan & Jesjeet Singh Gill. (2012) Prevalence of postpartum depression in a hospital setting among M alaysian mothers . Asia-Pacific Psychiatry 4:2, pages 144-149.
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Wendy A. Hall, Yvonne L. Hauck, Elaine M. Carty, Eileen K. Hutton, Jennifer Fenwick & Kathrin Stoll. (2009) Childbirth Fear, Anxiety, Fatigue, and Sleep Deprivation in Pregnant Women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 38:5, pages 567-576.
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