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Original Articles

Prospects for faking believable memory deficits on neuropsychological tests and the use of incentives in simulation research

Pages 715-728 | Accepted 17 Nov 1989, Published online: 04 Jan 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (32)

Kyle B. Boone, Dale Sherman, Jamie Mishler, Georg Daoud, Maria Cottingham, Tara L. Victor, Elizabeth Ziegler, Michelle A. Zeller & Matthew Wright. (2022) Cross-validation of RAVLT performance validity indicators and the RAVLT/RO discriminant function in a large known groups sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 36:8, pages 2342-2360.
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Robert J. Kanser, Lisa J. Rapport, Robin A. Hanks & Sarah D. Patrick. (2021) Time and money: Exploring enhancements to performance validity research designs. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 0:0, pages 1-8.
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T. Nikolai, K. Cechova, K. Bukacova, A. Fendrych Mazancova, H. Markova, O. Bezdicek, J. Hort & M. Vyhnalek. (2021) Delayed matching to sample task 48: assessment of malingering with simulating design. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 28:6, pages 797-811.
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Zita Bouman, Marc P.H. Hendriks, Ben A. Schmand, Roy P. C. Kessels & Albert P. Aldenkamp. (2016) Indicators of suboptimal performance embedded in the Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition (WMS–IV). Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 38:4, pages 455-466.
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Robert Perna, AshleeR. Loughan, Jeremy Hertza & Kelly Segraves. (2014) The Value of Embedded Measures in Detecting Suboptimal Effort in Children: An Investigation Into the WISC-IV Digit Span and CMS Verbal Memory Subtests. Applied Neuropsychology: Child 3:1, pages 45-51.
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Yana Suchy, Gordon Chelune, Emilie I. Franchow & Sommer R. Thorgusen. (2012) Confronting Patients About Insufficient Effort: The Impact on Subsequent Symptom Validity and Memory Performance. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 26:8, pages 1296-1311.
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Omer Hegedish, GlenM. Doniger & Avraham Schweiger. (2012) Detecting Response Bias on the MindStreams Battery. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 19:2, pages 262-281.
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NoahD. Silverberg, JeffreyC. Wertheimer & NormanL. Fichtenberg. (2007) An Effort Index for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The Clinical Neuropsychologist 21:5, pages 841-854.
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JonD. Elhai, JimmieJ. Butcher, AndreaN. Reeves, ShannonN. Baugher, MattJ. Gray, GerardA. Jacobs, AdrienneE. Fricker-Elhai, TerryC. North & Paul Arbisi. (2007) Varying Cautionary Instructions, Monetary Incentives, and Comorbid Diagnostic Training in Malingered Psychopathology Research. Journal of Personality Assessment 88:3, pages 328-337.
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Grant L. Iverson. (2006) Ethical Issues Associated With the Assessment of Exaggeration, Poor Effort, and Malingering. Applied Neuropsychology 13:2, pages 77-90.
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RaelT. Lange, GrantL. Iverson, Karen Sullivan & Debbie Anderson. (2006) Suppressed Working Memory on the WMS-III as a Marker for Poor Effort. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 28:3, pages 294-305.
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Karen Sullivan, RaelT. Lange & Sharron Dawes. (2006) Methods of Detecting Malingering and Estimated Symptom Exaggeration Base Rates in Australia. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology 4:4, pages 49-70.
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L. Reznek. (2005) The Rey 15-item memory test for malingering: A meta-analysis. Brain Injury 19:7, pages 539-543.
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RaelT. Lange, Karen Sullivan & Debbie Anderson. (2005) Ecological Validity of the WMS-III Rarely Missed Index in Personal Injury Litigation. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 27:4, pages 412-424.
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MatthewR. Powell, JeffreyD. Gfeller, MichaelV. Oliveri, Shannon Stanton & Bryan Hendricks. (2004) The Rey AVLT Serial Position Effect: A Useful Indicator of Symptom Exaggeration?. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 18:3, pages 465-476.
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Wiley Mittenberg, Gisela Aguila-Puentes, Christine Patton, ElizabethM. Canyock & RobertL. Heilbronner. (2003) Neuropsychological Profiling of Symptom Exaggeration and Malingering. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology 3:1-2, pages 227-240.
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Alan Moss, Christopher Jones, Dene Fokias & David Quinn. (2003) The mediating effects of effort upon the relationship between head injury severity and cognitive functioning. Brain Injury 17:5, pages 377-387.
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Julie Suhr, Daniel Tranel, Jeff Wefel & Joe Barrash. (1997) Memory performance after head injury: Contributions of malingering, litigation status, psychological factors, and medication use. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 19:4, pages 500-514.
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RoyC. Martin, JillS. Hayes & Wm.Drew Gouvier. (1996) Differential Vulnerability between Postconcussion Self-Report and Objective Malingering Tests in Identifying Simulated Mild Head Injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 18:2, pages 265-275.
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GrantL. Iverson & MichaelD. Franzen. (1996) Using Multiple Objective Memory Procedures to Detect Simulated Malingering. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 18:1, pages 38-51.
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WendyN. Tenhula & JerryJ. Sweet. (1996) Double cross-validation of the booklet category test in detecting malingered traumatic brain injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 10:1, pages 104-116.
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ManfredF. Greiffenstein, Thomas Gola & W. John Baker. (1995) MMPI-2 validity scales versus domain specific measures in detection of factitious traumatic brain injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 9:3, pages 230-240.
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PeterA. Arnett, ThomasA. Hammeke & Lisa Schwartz. (1995) Quantitative and qualitative performance on rey's 15-item test in neurological patients and dissimulators. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 9:1, pages 17-26.
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William Trueblood. (1994) Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of malingered and other invalid WAIS-R and clinical memory data. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 16:4, pages 597-607.
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Daniel Slick, Grace Hopp, Esther Strauss, Michael Hunter & Diane Pinch. (1994) Detecting dissimulation: Profiles of simulated malingerers, traumatic brain-injury patients, and normal controls on a revised version of Hiscock and Hiscock's forced-choice memory test. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 16:3, pages 472-481.
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Peter J. Rawling & Geoffrey L. Coffey. (1994) The simulation index: A single case study. Australian Psychologist 29:1, pages 38-40.
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RoyC. Martin, JohnF. Bolter, MarkE. Todd, Wm Drew Gouvier & Raymon Niccolls. (1993) Effects of sophistication and motivation on the detection of malingered memory performance using a computerized forced-choice task. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 15:6, pages 867-880.
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G.A. Baker, J.R. Hanley, H.F. Jackson, S. Kimmance & P. Slade. (1993) Detecting the faking of amnesia: Performance differences between simulators and patients with memory impairment. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 15:5, pages 668-684.
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Articles from other publishers (28)

Allyson G. Harrison & Irene T. Armstrong. (2020) A comparison of the self-report patterns of analog versus real-world malingerers of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Neural Transmission 128:7, pages 1065-1077.
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David L. Woods, John M. Wyma, Timothy J. Herron & E. W. Yund. (2016) The Effects of Repeat Testing, Malingering, and Traumatic Brain Injury on Computerized Measures of Visuospatial Memory Span. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
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Raquel Vilar López, Mónica Aparicio, Manuel Gómez Río & Miguel Pérez García. (2013) Utilidad de los índices de memoria verbal para detectar simulación en población española. Clínica y Salud 24:3, pages 169-176.
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J. Novitski, S. Steele, S. Karantzoulis & C. Randolph. (2012) The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Effort Scale. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 27:2, pages 190-195.
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J. Michael Williams & Kelly Jones. 2012. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation 169 199 .
J. M. Williams. (2011) The Malingering Factor. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 26:3, pages 280-285.
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S. G. Ylioja, A. D. Baird & K. Podell. (2009) Developing a Spatial Analogue of the Reliable Digit Span. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 24:8, pages 729-739.
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Grant L. Iverson. (2007) Identifying Exaggeration and Malingering. Pain Practice 7:2, pages 94-102.
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Stefano Zago, Giuseppe Sartori & Guglielmo Scarlat. (2004) Malingering and Retrograde Amnesia: The Historic Case of the Collegno Amnesic. Cortex 40:3, pages 519-532.
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Merrill Hiscock. 2003. Experimental Methods in Neuropsychology. Experimental Methods in Neuropsychology 1 27 .
Dietmar Heubrock, Iris Eberl & Franz Petermann. (2002) Neuropsychologische Diagnostik bei Simulationsverdacht. Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 13:1, pages 45-58.
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Richard I. Frederick. (2000) Mixed group validation: a method to address the limitations of criterion group validation in research on malingering detection. Behavioral Sciences & the Law 18:6, pages 693-718.
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Grant L. Iverson & Laurence M. Binder. (2000) Detecting Exaggeration and Malingering in Neuropsychological Assessment. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 15:2, pages 829-858.
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Dietmar Heubrock & Franz Petermann. (1998) Neuropsychological Assessment of Suspected Malingering: Research Results, Evaluation Techniques, and Further Directions of Research and Application. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 14:3, pages 211-225.
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Bernard Lubin, Rodney van Whitlock, Melinda Rea & Suzanne Petren. (2016) Response Manipulation on the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised. Assessment 5:2, pages 101-113.
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Steven M. Schwartz, Sandy E. Gramling, Kathryn Lawson Kerr & Charles Morin. (1998) Evaluation of Intellect and Deficit Specific Information on the Ability to Fake Memory Deficits. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 21:3, pages 261-272.
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Charles J. Golden & Christine A. Grier. 1998. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation 133 162 .
J. Michael Williams. 1998. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation 105 132 .
David Faust & Margaret A. Ackley. 1998. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation 1 54 .
Richard I. Lanyon. (1997) Detecting deception: Current models and directions.. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 4:4, pages 377-387.
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Carla Back, Kyle Brauer Boone, Carol Edwards, Carlton Parks, Karl Burgoyne & Barbara Silver. (2016) The Performance of Schizophrenics on Three Cognitive Tests of Malingering, Rey 15-Item Memory Test, Rey Dot Counting, and Hiscock Forced-Choice Method. Assessment 3:4, pages 449-457.
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Lewis M. Etcoff & Karen M. Kampfer. (1996) Practical guidelines in the use of symptom validity and other psychological tests to measure malingering and symptom exaggeration in traumatic brain injury cases. Neuropsychology Review 6:4, pages 171-201.
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K.A. Flowers, M.R. Sheridan & Helen Shadbolt. (1996) Simulation of amnesia by normals on Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Journal of Neurolinguistics 9:2, pages 147-156.
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Nicholas R.C. Leng & Alan J. Parkin. (1995) The detection of exaggerated or simulated memory disorder by neuropsychological methods. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 39:6, pages 767-776.
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Mary E. Haines & Margaret P. Norris. (1995) Detecting the malingering of cognitive deficits: An update. Neuropsychology Review 5:2, pages 125-148.
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Joseph J. Zielinski. (1994) Malingering and defensiveness in the neuropsychological assessment of mild traumatic brain injury.. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 1:2, pages 169-184.
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Richard Rogers, Ernest H. Harrell & Christine D. Liff. (1993) Feigning neuropsychological impairment: A critical review of methodological and clinical considerations. Clinical Psychology Review 13:3, pages 255-274.
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Larry C. Bernard, Wes Houston & Lisa Natoli. (1993) Malingering on neuropsychological memory tests: Potential objective indicators. Journal of Clinical Psychology 49:1, pages 45-53.
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