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Original Articles

The development and initial validation of the Exercise Causality Orientations Scale

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Pages 445-462 | Published online: 30 Nov 2010

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Karin Riemann-Lorenz, Robert W. Motl, Bláthin Casey, Susan Coote, Anne Daubmann & Christoph Heesen. (2021) Possible determinants of long-term adherence to physical activity in multiple sclerosis—theory-based development of a comprehensive questionnaire and results from a German survey study. Disability and Rehabilitation 43:22, pages 3175-3188.
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Anne E. Münster Halvari, Hallgeir Halvari, Geoffrey C. Williams & Edward L. Deci. (2017) Predicting dental attendance from dental hygienists’ autonomy support and patients’ autonomous motivation: A randomised clinical trial. Psychology & Health 32:2, pages 127-144.
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Neil Weston, Iain Greenlees & Richard Thelwell. (2013) A review of Butler and Hardy's (1992) performance profiling procedure within sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 6:1, pages 1-21.
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BethanyM. Kwan, Ann E. Caldwell Hooper, ReneeE. Magnan & AngelaD. Bryan. (2011) A longitudinal diary study of the effects of causalityorientations on exercise-related affect. Self and Identity 10:3, pages 363-374.
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A. Mark Williams, Lew Hardy & Nanette Mutrie. (2008) Twenty-five years of psychology in the Journal of Sports Sciences: A historical overview. Journal of Sports Sciences 26:4, pages 401-412.
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SymeonP. Vlachopoulos. (2008) The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale: Measurement Invariance Over Gender. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 15:1, pages 114-135.
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JaneneM. Grodesky, Maria Kosma & MelindaA. Solmon. (2006) Understanding Older Adults' Physical Activity Behavior: A Multi-Theoretical Approach. Quest 58:3, pages 310-329.
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PhilipM. Wilson, WendyM. Rodgers, ShawnN. Fraser & TerraC. Murray. (2004) Relationships between Exercise Regulations and Motivational Consequences in University Students. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 75:1, pages 81-91.
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Muhaned Tamim, Guoxia Wang, Xiaosong Gai & Yuanchun Ma. Causality orientations and spontaneous mental contrasting. The Journal of General Psychology 0:0, pages 1-26.
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Articles from other publishers (33)

Arturo Vega, Claudia Gabbioneta, Carlos Osorio & James Cunningham. (2023) A micro-level study of research impact and motivational diversity. The Journal of Technology Transfer.
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Trinh L.T. Huynh, Stephanie L. Silveira & Robert W. Motl. (2023) Physical activity behavior in persons newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis: Applying the Capability – Opportunity – Motivation – Behavior (COM-B) model. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 69, pages 104432.
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Sarah Lynn, Medha Kumari Satyal, Alana J. Smith, Noor Tasnim, Daphne Gyamfi, Daniel F. English, Wendy A. Suzuki & Julia C. Basso. (2022) Dispositional mindfulness and its relationship to exercise motivation and experience. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 4.
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Susan B. Roberts, Sai Krupa Das, R. Drew Sayer, Ann E. Caldwell, Holly R. Wyatt, Tapan S. Mehta, Anna M. Gorczyca, Jennifer L. Oslund, John C. Peters, James E. Friedman, Chia-Ying Chiu, Frank L. Greenway, Joseph E. Donnelly, Maria Carlota Dao, Adolfo G. Cuevas, Olivia Affuso, Larrell L. Wilkinson, Diana Thomas, Ebaa Al-Ozairi, Mary Yannakoulia, Yeganeh M. Khazrai, Raoul J. Manalac, Vasil Bachiashvili & James O. Hill. (2022) Technical report: an online international weight control registry to inform precision approaches to healthy weight management. International Journal of Obesity 46:9, pages 1728-1733.
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Rosanne JHCG Beijers, Lieke E J van Iersel, Lisanne T Schuurman, Robert J J Hageman, Sami O Simons, Ardy van Helvoort, Harry R Gosker & Annemie MWJ Schols. (2022) Effect of targeted nutrient supplementation on physical activity and health-related quality of life in COPD: study protocol for the randomised controlled NUTRECOVER trial. BMJ Open 12:3, pages e059252.
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Stephanie L. Silveira, Karin Riemann-Lorenz, Christoph Heesen & Robert W. Motl. (2021) Current and Long-Term Physical Activity Among Adults with Multiple Sclerosis in the United States: COM-B Variables as Explanatory Factors. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 28:5, pages 561-574.
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Anne E. M. Halvari, Andreas Ivarsson, Hallgeir Halvari, Anja H. Olafsen, Bård Solstad, Christopher P. Niemiec, Edward L. Deci & Geoffrey Williams. (2021) A Prospective Study of Knowledge Sharing at Work Based on Self-Determination Theory. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 6:1.
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Martin S Hagger & Kyra Hamilton. (2020) General causality orientations in self-determination theory: Meta-analysis and test of a process model. European Journal of Personality 35:5, pages 710-735.
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Henry T Blake, Brad J Stenner, Jonathan David Buckley & Alyson J Crozier. (2021) Randomised controlled trial comparing two group-based exercise programmes (team sport vs circuit training) on men’s health: study protocol. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7:3, pages e001140.
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Marlene Nunes Silva, Cristina Godinho, Marta Salavisa, Katherine Owen, Rute Santos, Catarina Santos Silva, Romeu Mendes, Pedro J. Teixeira, Graça Freitas & Adrian Bauman. (2020) “Follow the Whistle: Physical Activity Is Calling You”: Evaluation of Implementation and Impact of a Portuguese Nationwide Mass Media Campaign to Promote Physical Activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:21, pages 8062.
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Jennifer Brunet, Heather E Tulloch, Emily Wolfe Phillips, Robert D Reid, Andrew L Pipe & Jennifer L Reed. (2020) Motivation Predicts Change in Nurses’ Physical Activity Levels During a Web-Based Worksite Intervention: Results From a Randomized Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 22:9, pages e11543.
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Hallgeir Halvari & Anja Olafsen. (2020) Causality Orientations in the Work Setting: Scale Development and Validation. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 5:1.
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Martyn Standage & Richard M. Ryan. 2020. Handbook of Sport Psychology. Handbook of Sport Psychology 37 56 .
Anne Elisabeth Münster Halvari, Hallgeir Halvari, Edward L. Deci & Geoffrey C. Williams. (2019) Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment and dental attendance: The roles of the locus of causality personality and treatment styles. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 50:3, pages 133-144.
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Lena Busch, Till Utesch & Bernd Strauss. (2019) Validation of the vignette-based German Exercise Causality Orientation Scale (G-ECOS). PLOS ONE 14:10, pages e0223643.
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Merilyn Lock, Dannielle Post, James Dollman & Gaynor Parfitt. (2018) Development of a Self-Determination Theory-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Aged Care Workers: Protocol for the Activity for Well-being Program. Frontiers in Public Health 6.
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Francesca A Soldani, Thomas Lamont, Kate Jones, Linda Young, Tanya Walsh, Rizwana Lala & Janet E Clarkson. (2018) One-to-one oral hygiene advice provided in a dental setting for oral health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018:10.
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Elizabeth A. Richards, Meghan McDonough & Rong Fu. (2017) Longitudinal examination of social and environmental influences on motivation for physical activity. Applied Nursing Research 37, pages 36-43.
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Lisa Legault, Kayla Ray, Amy Hudgins, Marissa Pelosi & Will Shannon. (2016) Assisted versus asserted autonomy satisfaction: Their unique associations with wellbeing, integration of experience, and conflict negotiation. Motivation and Emotion 41:1, pages 1-21.
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Christine Y.K. Lau, Daniel Y.T. Fong, Alice Y.Y. Choi, Judy W.Y. Ng, Chu Sing & Marie Tarrant. (2017) Development and measurement properties of the Chinese breastfeeding self-regulation questionnaire. Midwifery 44, pages 24-34.
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Marlana Kohn, Basia Belza, Miruna Petrescu-Prahova & Christina E. Miyawaki. (2015) Beyond Strength. Health Education & Behavior 43:3, pages 305-312.
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Kimiko Yamada. 2016. Outcomes in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Practice. Outcomes in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Practice 1 31 .
Jennifer Brunet, Katie E. Gunnell, Patrick Gaudreau & Catherine M. Sabiston. (2015) An integrative analytical framework for understanding the effects of autonomous and controlled motivation. Personality and Individual Differences 84, pages 2-15.
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Shanna Cooper, Lindsey M. Lavaysse & David E. Gard. (2015) Assessing motivation orientations in schizophrenia: Scale development and validation. Psychiatry Research 225:1-2, pages 70-78.
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Paul André Solberg, Hallgeir Halvari & Yngvar Ommundsen. (2013) Linking exercise and causality orientations to change in well‐being among older adults: does change in motivational variables play a role?. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 43:6, pages 1259-1272.
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Rosimeide Francisco Santos Legnani, Dartagnan Pinto Guedes, Elto Legnani, Valter Cordeiro Barbosa Filho & Wagner de Campos. (2011) Fatores motivacionais associados à prática de exercício físico em estudantes universitários. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte 33:3, pages 761-772.
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Jennifer Brunet & Catherine M. Sabiston. (2011) Exploring motivation for physical activity across the adult lifespan. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 12:2, pages 99-105.
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Ryo TANAKA & Akihiko TOKAJI. (2010) Examination of the Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and the Motivation to Exercise among Outpatients Practicing Therapeutic Exercises運動療法に取り組む外来患者の顧客満足と運動に対する動機づけの関連性の検討. Rigakuryoho Kagaku 25:2, pages 157-163.
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Christopher J White & Melisa Thompson. (2009) SELF DETERMINATION THEORY AND THE WINE CLUB ATTRIBUTE FORMATION PROCESS. Annals of Tourism Research 36:4, pages 561-586.
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David Markland & David K. Ingledew. (2007) The relationships between body mass and body image and relative autonomy for exercise among adolescent males and females. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8:5, pages 836-853.
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Elaine A. Rose, Gaynor Parfitt & Sian Williams. (2005) Exercise causality orientations, behavioural regulation for exercise and stage of change for exercise: exploring their relationships. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 6:4, pages 399-414.
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P. J. Teixeira, S. B. Going, L. B. Sardinha & T. G. Lohman. (2005) A review of psychosocial pre‐treatment predictors of weight control. Obesity Reviews 6:1, pages 43-65.
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Hiroshi Yamada & Takahiko Nishijima. (2003) Multitrait Factor Structure of Control Tests for Power Development Program in Soccer. International Journal of Sport and Health Science 1:1, pages 103-109.
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