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Original Articles

A new index of flat breaststroke propulsion: A comparison of elite men and women

Pages 309-320 | Accepted 25 Mar 2004, Published online: 18 Feb 2007

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (10)

Jelena Stosic, Santiago Veiga, Alfonso Trinidad, Milivoj Dopsaj & Enrique Navarro. (2023) Effect of breakout phase on the stroke kinematics and coordinative swimming variables. Sports Biomechanics 22:12, pages 1669-1682.
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Hideki Takagi, Motomu Nakashima, Yasuo Sengoku, Takaaki Tsunokawa, Daiki Koga, Kenzo Narita, Shigetada Kudo, Ross Sanders & Tomohiro Gonjo. (2023) How do swimmers control their front crawl swimming velocity? Current knowledge and gaps from hydrodynamic perspectives. Sports Biomechanics 22:12, pages 1552-1571.
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Ludovic Seifert & Remi Carmigniani. (2023) Coordination and stroking parameters in the four swimming techniques: a narrative review. Sports Biomechanics 22:12, pages 1617-1633.
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Ludovic Seifert, Ana Conceição, Tomohiro Gonjo, Jan Stastny & Bjorn Harald Olstad. (2021) Arm – Leg coordination profiling during the dolphin kick and the arm pull-out in elite breaststrokers. Journal of Sports Sciences 39:23, pages 2665-2673.
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E. Nicol, N. Adani, B. Lin & E. Tor. (2021) The temporal analysis of elite breaststroke swimming during competition. Sports Biomechanics 0:0, pages 1-13.
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Samuel W. Oxford, Rob S. James, Michael J. Price, Carl J. Payton & Michael J. Duncan. (2017) Changes in kinematics and arm–leg coordination during a 100-m breaststroke swim. Journal of Sports Sciences 35:16, pages 1658-1665.
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Thiago Telles, Renato Barroso, Augusto Carvalho Barbosa, Diego Fortes de Souza Salgueiro, Emilson Colantonio & Orival Andries Júnior. (2015) Effect of hand paddles and parachute on butterfly coordination. Journal of Sports Sciences 33:10, pages 1084-1092.
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RebeccaM. Sealey, AnthonyS. Leicht & Kevin Ness. (2012) Effect of stroke rate on performance and physiological demand of outrigger canoeing ergometry. European Journal of Sport Science 12:1, pages 43-48.
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KylieA. Steel, RogerD. Adams & ColleenG. Canning. (2007) Identifying swimmers as water-polo or swim team-mates from visual displays of less than one second. Journal of Sports Sciences 25:11, pages 1251-1258.
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L. Seifert, D. Delignieres, L. Boulesteix & D. Chollet. (2007) Effect of expertise on butterfly stroke coordination. Journal of Sports Sciences 25:2, pages 131-141.
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Articles from other publishers (23)

Cristiano M. Verrelli, Cristian Romagnoli, Nicolò Colistra, Ivo Ferretti, Giuseppe Annino, Vincenzo Bonaiuto & Vincenzo Manzi. (2023) Golden ratio and self-similarity in swimming: breast-stroke and the back-stroke. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 17.
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Emily Nicol, Simon Pearson, David Saxby, Clare Minahan & Elaine Tor. (2022) Stroke Kinematics, Temporal Patterns, Neuromuscular Activity, Pacing and Kinetics in Elite Breaststroke Swimming: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine - Open 8:1.
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Vassilios Gourgoulis & Thomas Nikodelis. (2022) Comparison of the arm-stroke kinematics between maximal and sub-maximal breaststroke swimming using discrete data and time series analysis. Journal of Biomechanics 142, pages 111255.
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Bjørn H. Olstad, Tomohiro Gonjo, Ana Conceição, Jan Šťastný & Ludovic Seifert. (2022) Arm–leg coordination during the underwater pull-out sequence in the 50, 100 and 200 m breaststroke start. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 25:1, pages 95-100.
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Marcelo de Oliveira Pinto, Milena Julia Chirolli, Helio Roesler & Suzana Matheus Pereira. (2020) Diferentes perspectivas da ação de membros inferiores nos quatro nados competitivos: uma revisão integrativa. Evidência 20:1, pages 23-44.
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Beat Knechtle, Athanasios A. Dalamitros, Tiago M. Barbosa, Caio Victor Sousa, Thomas Rosemann & Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis. (2020) Sex Differences in Swimming Disciplines—Can Women Outperform Men in Swimming?. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:10, pages 3651.
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Alfonso Trinidad, Santiago Veiga, Enrique Navarro & Alberto Lorenzo. (2020) The Transition from Underwater to Surface Swimming During the Push-off Start in Competitive Swimmers. Journal of Human Kinetics 72:1, pages 61-67.
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Zhang Shu-Ting, Sun Zhi & Zhao Lei. (2018) First-principles study of graphene nanoflakes with large spin property. Acta Physica Sinica 67:18, pages 187102.
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Zbigniew Staniak, Krzysztof Buśko, Michał Górski & Anna Pastuszak. (2016) Accelerometer profile of motion of the pelvic girdle in breaststroke swimming. Journal of Human Kinetics 52:1, pages 147-156.
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Stefan Szczepan, Krystyna Zatoń & Andrzej Klarowicz. (2016) The Effect of Concurrent Visual Feedback on Controlling Swimming Speed. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 23:1.
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Takaaki Tsunokawa, Motomu Nakashima & Hideki Takagi. (2015) Use of pressure distribution analysis to estimate fluid forces around a foot during breaststroke kicking. Sports Engineering 18:3, pages 149-156.
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Takaaki Tsunokawa, Yasuo Sengoku, Shozo Tsubakimoto & Hideki Takagi. (2015) The relationship between the unsteady fluid force and the pressure distribution around the foot during breaststroke kicking. Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 60:1, pages 165-175.
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Ludovic Seifert, John Komar, Tiago Barbosa, Huub Toussaint, Grégoire Millet & Keith Davids. (2014) Coordination Pattern Variability Provides Functional Adaptations to Constraints in Swimming Performance. Sports Medicine 44:10, pages 1333-1345.
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L. Seifert, J. Komar, F. Crettenand, F. Dadashi, K. Aminian & G.P. Millet. (2014) Inter-limb coordination and energy cost in swimming. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 17:4, pages 439-444.
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John Komar, Ross H. Sanders, Didier Chollet & Ludovic Seifert. (2014) Do Qualitative Changes in Interlimb Coordination Lead to Effectiveness of Aquatic Locomotion Rather Than Efficiency?. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30:2, pages 189-196.
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Pietro Luigi Invernizzi, Raffaele Scurati, Stefano Longo, Giorgio Gatta & Giovanni Michielon. (2013) Relationships between swimming style and dry-land strength in breaststroke. Sport Sciences for Health 10:1, pages 11-16.
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Wiliam Carvajal Veitía. (2013) Selección natural y deporte: un acercamiento al estudio de la evolución morfológica del deportista de alto rendimiento. Anales de Antropología 47:1, pages 189-210.
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Farzin Dadashi, Arash Arami, Florent Crettenand, Gregoire P. Millet, John Komar, Ludovic Seifert & Kamiar Aminian. (2013) A Hidden Markov Model of the breaststroke swimming temporal phases using wearable inertial measurement units. A Hidden Markov Model of the breaststroke swimming temporal phases using wearable inertial measurement units.
A.A. Gopalai, S.M.N.A. Senanayake & K.H. Lim. (2012) Intelligent vibrotactile biofeedback system for real-time postural correction on perturbed surfaces. Intelligent vibrotactile biofeedback system for real-time postural correction on perturbed surfaces.
Hugues Leblanc, Ludovic Seifert & Didier Chollet. (2010) Does Floatation Influence Breaststroke Technique?. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26:2, pages 150-158.
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Ludovic Seifert, Hugues Leblanc, Didier Chollet & Didier Delignières. (2010) Inter-limb coordination in swimming: Effect of speed and skill level. Human Movement Science 29:1, pages 103-113.
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Hugues Leblanc, Ludovic Seifert & Didier Chollet. (2009) Arm–leg coordination in recreational and competitive breaststroke swimmers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12:3, pages 352-356.
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L. Seifert, L. Boulesteix, D. Chollet & J.P. Vilas-Boas. (2008) Differences in spatial-temporal parameters and arm?leg coordination in butterfly stroke as a function of race pace, skill and gender. Human Movement Science 27:1, pages 96-111.
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