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Journal of Sports Sciences Volume 26, 2008 - Issue 10
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The locus of focus: The effect of switching from a preferred to a non-preferred focus of attention

Stephen M. Weiss Department of Psychology, Adams State College, Alamosa, Colorado, USACorrespondence[email protected]
,
Arthur S. Reber Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
&
David R. Owen Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
Pages 1049-1057 | Accepted 02 Apr 2008, Published online: 17 Jul 2008

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Clare Eastwood, Patricia McCabe & Robert Heard. (2024) Unpacking the black box of voice therapy: A clinical application and revision of the Motor Learning Classification Framework (MLCF). International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26:1, pages 68-82.
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Kevin A. Becker & Scott W. T. McNamara. (2023) The Absence of Vision Impacts Attentional Focus Effects During a Balancing Task. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 94:1, pages 118-123.
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Reza Abdollahipour, William M. Land, Ana Cereser & Suzete Chiviacowsky. (2020) External relative to internal attentional focus enhances motor performance and learning in visually impaired individuals. Disability and Rehabilitation 42:18, pages 2621-2630.
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Femke van Abswoude, Nienke B. Nuijen, John van der Kamp & Bert Steenbergen. (2018) Individual Differences Influencing Immediate Effects of Internal and External Focus Instructions on Children’s Motor Performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 89:2, pages 190-199.
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Dave Collins, Howie J. Carson & John Toner. (2016) Letter to the editor concerning the article “Performance of gymnastics skill benefits from an external focus of attention” by Abdollahipour, Wulf, Psotta & Nieto (2015). Journal of Sports Sciences 34:13, pages 1288-1292.
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Howie J. Carson & Dave Collins. (2016) The fourth dimension: A motoric perspective on the anxiety–performance relationship. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 9:1, pages 1-21.
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Philip E. Kearney. (2015) A distal focus of attention leads to superior performance on a golf putting task. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 13:4, pages 371-381.
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Jörn Munzert, Heiko Maurer & Mathias Reiser. (2014) Verbal-Motor Attention-Focusing Instructions Influence Kinematics and Performance on a Golf-Putting Task. Journal of Motor Behavior 46:5, pages 309-318.
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Gabriele Wulf. (2013) Attentional focus and motor learning: a review of 15 years. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 6:1, pages 77-104.
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BettecoJ. de Boer, C. (Lieke) E. Peper & PeterJ. Beek. (2013) Learning a New Bimanual Coordination Pattern: Interlimb Interactions, Attentional Focus, and Transfer. Journal of Motor Behavior 45:1, pages 65-77.
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StephenM. Weiss & ArthurS. Reber. (2012) Curing the Dreaded “Steve Blass Disease”. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action 3:3, pages 171-181.
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StephenM. Weiss. (2011) The Effects of Reinvestment of Conscious Processing on Switching Focus of Attention. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 82:1, pages 28-36.
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Articles from other publishers (15)

B Drury, H Singh, H Larkin, D Behm, L Protheroe & J Moran. (2024) Influence of different verbal cue types on countermovement jump performance in youth female athletes. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching.
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Chih-Chia Chen, Yonjoong Ryuh, Tony Luczak & John Lamberth. (2021) The Effects of Attentional Focus and Skill Level on the Performance of Golf Putting. Journal of Motor Learning and Development 9:3, pages 371-382.
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Rebecca Gose & Amit Abraham. (2021) Looking beyond the binary: an extended paradigm for focus of attention in human motor performance. Experimental Brain Research 239:6, pages 1687-1699.
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Kevin A. Becker, Ayana F. Georges & Christopher A. Aiken. (2019) Considering a Holistic Focus of Attention as an Alternative to an External Focus. Journal of Motor Learning and Development 7:2, pages 194-203.
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Morgan L Waddell & Eric L Amazeen. (2018) Lift speed moderates the effects of muscle activity on perceived heaviness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71:10, pages 2174-2185.
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Dan Río Rodríguez, Eliseo Iglesias-Soler, Jorge Cuadrado-Pérez & Miguel Ferández-del-Olmo. (2018) Are internal focuses really useful?. International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports 7:3, pages 72-79.
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Giacomo Rossettini, Mehran Emadi Andani, Francesco Dalla Negra, Marco Testa, Michele Tinazzi & Mirta Fiorio. (2018) The placebo effect in the motor domain is differently modulated by the external and internal focus of attention. Scientific Reports 8:1.
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Scott W. T. McNamara, Kevin A. Becker & Lisa M. Silliman-French. (2017) The Differential Effects of Attentional Focus in Children with Moderate and Profound Visual Impairments. Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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Antje Hill, Linda Schücker, Norbert Hagemann & Bernd Strauß. (2017) Further Evidence for an External Focus of Attention in Running: Looking at Specific Focus Instructions and Individual Differences. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 39:5, pages 352-365.
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Giacomo Rossettini, Marco Testa, Marco Vicentini & Paolo Manganotti. (2017) The Effect of Different Attentional Focus Instructions during Finger Movement Tasks in Healthy Subjects: An Exploratory Study. BioMed Research International 2017, pages 1-7.
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Israel Halperin, Steven Hughes, Derek Panchuk, Chris Abbiss & Dale W. Chapman. (2016) The Effects of Either a Mirror, Internal or External Focus Instructions on Single and Multi-Joint Tasks. PLOS ONE 11:11, pages e0166799.
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E. C. Kal, J. van der Kamp, H. Houdijk, E. Groet, C. A. M. van Bennekom & E. J. A. Scherder. (2015) Stay Focused! The Effects of Internal and External Focus of Attention on Movement Automaticity in Patients with Stroke. PLOS ONE 10:8, pages e0136917.
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Heiko Maurer & Jörn Munzert. (2013) Influence of attentional focus on skilled motor performance: Performance decrement under unfamiliar focus conditions. Human Movement Science 32:4, pages 730-740.
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Louise JohnsonJane H. BurridgeSara H. Demain. (2013) Internal and External Focus of Attention During Gait Re-Education: An Observational Study of Physical Therapist Practice in Stroke Rehabilitation. Physical Therapy 93:7, pages 957-966.
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J. Schorer, T. Jaitner, R. Wollny, F. Fath & J. Baker. (2012) Influence of varying focus of attention conditions on dart throwing performance in experts and novices. Experimental Brain Research 217:2, pages 287-297.
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