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Journal of Sports Sciences Volume 12, 1994 - Issue 3
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A review of the friction of snow skis

S.C. Colbeck US Army CRREL, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755, USA
Pages 285-295 | Accepted 14 Jan 1993, Published online: 01 Feb 2008

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Francesco Ripamonti, Valentina Furlan, Alessandro Savio, Ali Gökhan Demir, Federico Cheli, Paolo Ossi & Barbara Previtali. (2020) Dynamic behaviour of miniature laser textured skis. Surface Engineering 36:12, pages 1250-1260.
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Mikael Swarén, Lars Karlöf, Hans-Christer Holmberg & Anders Eriksson. (2014) Validation of test setup to evaluate glide performance in skis. Sports Technology 7:1-2, pages 89-97.
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Leonid Kuzmin, Peter Carlsson & Mats Tinnsten. (2010) The relationship between the type of machining of the ski running-surface and its wettability and capillary drag. Sports Technology 3:2, pages 121-130.
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John F. Moxnes & Kjell Hausken. (2009) A dynamic model of Nordic diagonal stride skiing, with a literature review of cross country skiing. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 12:5, pages 531-551.
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Articles from other publishers (65)

Michael Hasler, Martin Mössner, Werner Jud, Kurt Schindelwig, Michael Gufler, Joost van Putten, Sebastian Rohm & Werner Nachbauer. (2022) Wear of snow due to sliding friction. Wear 510-511, pages 204499.
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Wangbin Li, Long Chen, Tianyu Zhao, Gaohang Xu, Qian Li & Wanli Shi. (2022) Aerodynamic analysis during the in-run phase of ski jumping: A numerical study of body posture effects. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, pages 175433712211339.
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Ettore Maggiore, Inam Mirza, David Dellasega, Matteo Tommasini & Paolo M. Ossi. (2022) Sliding on snow of AISI 301 stainless steel surfaces treated with ultra-short laser pulses. Applied Surface Science Advances 7, pages 100194.
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Barbara Pellegrini, Chiara Zoppirolli, Federico Stella, Lorenzo Bortolan, Hans-Christer Holmberg & Federico Schena. (2022) Biomechanical analysis of the “running” vs. “conventional” diagonal stride uphill techniques as performed by elite cross-country skiers. Journal of Sport and Health Science 11:1, pages 30-39.
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Gianmarco Vallero, Monica Barbero, Fabrizio Barpi, Mauro Borri-Brunetto, Valerio De Biagi, Yoichi Ito & Satoru Yamaguchi. (2022) Experimental study of the shear strength of a snow-mortar interface. Cold Regions Science and Technology 193, pages 103430.
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Christopher A. Brown. (2021) Surface Metrology Principles for Snow and Ice Friction Studies. Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering 7.
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Hasler M, Jud W & Nachbauer W. (2021) Snow Temperature Behind Sliding Skis as an Indicator for Frictional Meltwater. Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering 7.
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Matej Supej & H-C Holmberg. (2021) Monitoring the Performance of Alpine Skiers with Inertial Motion Units: Practical and Methodological Considerations. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 3:3, pages 249-256.
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Teemu Lemmettylä, Teemu Heikkinen, Olli Ohtonen, Stefan Lindinger & Vesa Linnamo. (2021) The Development and Precision of a Custom-Made Skitester. Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering 7.
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Rinse W. Liefferink, Feng-Chun Hsia, Bart Weber & Daniel Bonn. (2021) Friction on Ice: How Temperature, Pressure, and Speed Control the Slipperiness of Ice. Physical Review X 11:1.
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Karol Lann vel Lace & Michalina Błażkiewicz. (2021) How does the ski boot affect human gait and joint loading?. Biomedical Human Kinetics 13:1, pages 163-169.
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Changho Yun, Jin Woo Choi, Hyungseok Kim, Dongjo Kim & Ho-Young Kim. (2020) Sliding on ice: Real contact area, melted film thickness, and friction force. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 160, pages 120166.
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Ettore Maggiore, Matteo Tommasini & Paolo M. Ossi. (2020) Synthesis of Natural-Like Snow by Ultrasonic Nebulization of Water: Morphology and Raman Characterization. Molecules 25:19, pages 4458.
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Erik Petrus Andersson, Andrew Govus, Oliver Michael Shannon & Kerry McGawley. (2019) Sex Differences in Performance and Pacing Strategies During Sprint Skiing. Frontiers in Physiology 10.
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Wlodzimierz S. Erdmann, Dorota Dancewicz-Nosko & Vasilios Giovanis. (2018) Velocity distribution of women's 30-km cross-country skiing during Olympic Games from 2002-2014. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 59:1.
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Francesco Ripamonti, Valentina Furlan, Ali G. Demir, Barbara Previtali, Michele Derai, Federico Cheli & Paolo M. Ossi. (2018) Innovative metallic solutions for alpine ski bases. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 36:1.
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Christopher A. Brown. (2018) Specification of surface roughness using axiomatic design and multiscale surface metrology. Procedia CIRP 70, pages 7-12.
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Finn Marsland, Colin Mackintosh, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Judith Anson, Gordon Waddington, Keith Lyons & Dale Chapman. (2017) Full course macro-kinematic analysis of a 10 km classical cross-country skiing competition. PLOS ONE 12:8, pages e0182262.
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S. Rohm, S.H. Unterberger, M. Hasler, M. Gufler, J. van Putten, R. Lackner & W. Nachbauer. (2017) Wear of ski waxes: Effect of temperature, molecule chain length and position on the ski base. Wear 384-385, pages 43-49.
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Michael C. Floros, Latchmi Raghunanan & Suresh S. Narine. (2016) A toolbox for the characterization of biobased waxes. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 119:6, pages 1600360.
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M. Hasler, K. Schindelwig, B. Mayr, Ch. Knoflach, S. Rohm, J. van Putten & W. Nachbauer. (2016) A Novel Ski–Snow Tribometer and its Precision. Tribology Letters 63:3.
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Sebastian Rohm, Christoph Knoflach, Werner Nachbauer, Michael Hasler, Lukas Kaserer, Joost van Putten, Seraphin H. Unterberger & Roman Lackner. (2016) Effect of Different Bearing Ratios on the Friction between Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ski Bases and Snow. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8:19, pages 12552-12557.
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Peter Carlsson, M. Ainegren, M. Tinnsten, D. Sundström, B. Esping, A. Koptioug & M. Bäckström. 2016. The Engineering Approach to Winter Sports. The Engineering Approach to Winter Sports 107 151 .
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Sebastian Rohm, Michael Hasler, Christoph Knoflach, Joost van Putten, Seraphin Hubert Unterberger, Kurt Schindelwig, Roman Lackner & Werner Nachbauer. (2015) Friction Between Steel and Snow in Dependence of the Steel Roughness. Tribology Letters 59:1.
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Sami Varjo, Ville Kaikkonen, Jari Hannuksela & Anssi Makynen. (2015) All-in-focus image reconstruction from in-line holograms of snowflakes. All-in-focus image reconstruction from in-line holograms of snowflakes.
Matej Supej, Kim Hébert-Losier & Hans-Christer Holmberg. (2015) Impact of the Steepness of the Slope on the Biomechanics of World Cup Slalom Skiers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10:3, pages 361-368.
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Barbara Pellegrini, Chiara Zoppirolli, Lorenzo Bortolan, Paola Zamparo & Federico Schena. (2014) Gait models and mechanical energy in three cross-country skiing techniques. Journal of Experimental Biology 217:21, pages 3910-3918.
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M. Mössner, D. Heinrich, K. Schindelwig, P. Kaps, H. Schretter & W. Nachbauer. (2014) Modeling the ski-snow contact in skiing turns using a hypoplastic vs an elastic force-penetration relation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 24:3, pages 577-585.
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Blaž Lešnik, Milan Žvan, Bojan Leskošek & Matej Supej. (2014) Progressivity of Basic Elements of the Slovenian National Alpine Ski School. AUC KINANTHROPOLOGICA 49:1, pages 77-93.
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Kim Hébert-Losier, Matej Supej & Hans-Christer Holmberg. (2013) Biomechanical Factors Influencing the Performance of Elite Alpine Ski Racers. Sports Medicine 44:4, pages 519-533.
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Adrian McCallum. (2017) Cone penetration testing (CPT) in Antarctic firn: an introduction to interpretation. Journal of Glaciology 60:219, pages 83-93.
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Nurul A. Nordin & Peter Styring. (2014) Superhydrophobic Ski Bases for Reduced Water Adhesion. Procedia Engineering 72, pages 605-610.
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K. Schindelwig, M. Hasler, J. Van Putten, S. Rohm & W. Nachbauer. (2014) Temperature Below a Gliding Cross Country Ski. Procedia Engineering 72, pages 380-385.
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M. Supej, L. Sætran, L. Oggiano, G. Ettema, N. Šarabon, B. Nemec & H.‐C. Holmberg. (2012) Aerodynamic drag is not the major determinant of performance during giant slalom skiing at the elite level. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 23:1.
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Christos Stamboulides, Peter Englezos & Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos. (2012) The ice friction of polymeric substrates. Tribology International 55, pages 59-67.
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Jane R. Blackford, Gerasimos Skouvaklis, Marc Purser & Vasileios Koutsos. (2012) Friction on ice: stick and slip. Faraday Discussions 156, pages 243.
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M. Supej, R. Kipp & H.-C. Holmberg. (2011) Mechanical parameters as predictors of performance in alpine World Cup slalom racing. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 21:6, pages e72-e81.
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QIANHONG WU & QINGJIE SUN. (2011) A Comprehensive Skiing Mechanics Theory with Implications to Snowboard Optimization. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43:10, pages 1955-1963.
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Wendy Wagner & John Horel. (2011) Observations and simulations of snow surface temperature on cross-country ski racing courses. Cold Regions Science and Technology 66:1, pages 1-11.
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Dieter Heinrich, Martin Mössner, Peter Kaps & Werner Nachbauer. (2011) A Parameter Optimization Method to Determine Ski Stiffness Properties from Ski Deformation Data. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 27:1, pages 81-86.
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D. Heinrich, M. Mössner, P. Kaps & W. Nachbauer. (2009) Calculation of the contact pressure between ski and snow during a carved turn in Alpine skiing. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 20:3, pages 485-492.
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Peter Federolf, Markus Roos, Anton Lüthi & Jürg Dual. (2010) Finite element simulation of the ski–snow interaction of an alpine ski in a carved turn. Sports Engineering 12:3, pages 123-133.
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QIANHONG WU, YESIM IGCI, YIANNIS ANDREOPOULOS & SHELDON WEINBAUM. (2006) Lift Mechanics of Downhill Skiing and Snowboarding. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38:6, pages 1132-1146.
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Bent Kvamme, Vidar Jakobsen, Svein Hetland & Gerald Smith. (2005) Ski skating technique and physiological responses across slopes and speeds. European Journal of Applied Physiology 95:2-3, pages 205-212.
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S. Ducret, H. Zahouani, A. Midol, P. Lanteri & T.G. Mathia. (2005) Friction and abrasive wear of UHWMPE sliding on ice. Wear 258:1-4, pages 26-31.
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S.C Colbeck & D.K Perovich. (2004) Temperature effects of black versus white polyethylene bases for snow skis. Cold Regions Science and Technology 39:1, pages 33-38.
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Gerald A. Smith. 2003. Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science: Cross Country Skiing. Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science: Cross Country Skiing 32 61 .
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B. Pittenger, S. C. Fain, M. J. Cochran, J. M. K. Donev, B. E. Robertson, A. Szuchmacher & R. M. Overney. (2001) Premelting at ice-solid interfaces studied via velocity-dependent indentation with force microscope tips. Physical Review B 63:13.
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