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Original Articles

Genital appearance satisfaction in women: the development of a questionnaire and exploration of correlates

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Pages 15-27 | Received 03 Apr 2007, Accepted 21 Oct 2007, Published online: 21 Feb 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (5)

Flora Oswald, Kari A Walton, Devinder Khera, Amanda Champion & Cory L. Pedersen. (2022) Evaluations of Black and White Female Genitalia by Labiaplasty Status: A Pre-Registered Contextualization, Replication, and Extension of Findings on Labial Perceptions. The Journal of Sex Research 59:9, pages 1163-1174.
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Ellen Laan, Daphne K. Martoredjo, Sara Hesselink, Nóinín Snijders & Rik H. W. van Lunsen. (2017) Young women’s genital self-image and effects of exposure to pictures of natural vulvas. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 38:4, pages 249-255.
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Miranda C. Fudge & E. Sandra Byers. (2017) “I Have a Nice Gross Vagina”: Understanding Young Women’s Genital Self-Perceptions. The Journal of Sex Research 54:3, pages 351-361.
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Bethany Jones & Camille Nurka. (2015) Labiaplasty and pornography: a preliminary investigation. Porn Studies 2:1, pages 62-75.
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David Veale, Ertimiss Eshkevari, Nell Ellison, Linda Cardozo, Dudley Robinson & Angelica Kavouni. (2013) Validation of genital appearance satisfaction scale and the cosmetic procedure screening scale for women seeking labiaplasty. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 34:1, pages 46-52.
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Articles from other publishers (47)

Beth Morrel, Marianne J. ten Kate-Booij, Charlotte van Dijk, Wichor M. Bramer, Curt W. Burger, Suzanne G.M.A. Pasmans & Irene A.M. van der Avoort. (2024) Outcome Measures in Adult Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease.
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Roberta Bugeja, James McConnell & Swati Jha. (2023) Cosmetic gynaecology. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 26:1, pages 6-15.
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Donald Lambert Jesse QuickeDonald Lambert Jesse Quicke. 2023. Female Arousal and Orgasm: Anatomy, Physiology, Behaviour and Evolution. Female Arousal and Orgasm: Anatomy, Physiology, Behaviour and Evolution 450 540 .
Hatim Alrashed, Norah H Alsultan, May H AlQahtani, Reem F Bahakeem, Dorar Alharbi, Norah Alabdullatif, Lubna Aloufi, Enas Z Bedaiwi & Albagir M Hassan. (2023) Women's Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice About Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. Cureus.
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Fatemeh Alavi-Arjas, Michael P Goodman, Masoumeh Simbar, Hamid Alavi Majd, Gemma Sharp & Fatemeh Nahidi. (2023) The Effect of Female Genital Cosmetic and Reconstructive Procedures on Body and Genital Self-Image: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 43:10, pages 1161-1173.
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Ghada F. Mohammed, Mohammed Saleh Al‐Dhubaibi & Mariam Lotfy Mohamed. (2022) Genital whitening with topical Cyperus rotundus oil enhances sexuality and quality of life . Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 21:10, pages 4490-4502.
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Christine A. Hamori. (2022) The Aesthetic Genital Consultation. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 49:4, pages 435-445.
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Ingvill Bagøien Hustad, Karin Malmqvist, Ekaterina Ivanova, Christian Rück & Jesper Enander. (2022) Does Size Matter? Genital Self-Image, Genital Size, Pornography Use and Openness Toward Cosmetic Genital Surgery in 3503 Swedish Men and Women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 19:9, pages 1378-1386.
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Tiran Jamil Piro, Awaz Aziz Saeed, Warda Hassan Abdulla & Kolsoom Safari. (2022) Women’s experience and perspectives toward genital cosmetic surgery in Erbil city/Iraq: a qualitative study. BMC Women's Health 22:1.
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. (2022) Joint Report on Terminology for Cosmetic Gynecology. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 28:6, pages 351-366.
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María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Antonio Martínez-Amat, Vânia Brandão-LoureiroJosé Daniel Jiménez-García, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero & Fidel Hita-Contreras. (2022) Changes in satisfaction with female genital self-image and sexual function after a Qigong exercise intervention in Spanish postmenopausal women: a randomized-controlled trial. Menopause 29:6, pages 693-699.
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Bobby Garcia, Rufus Cartwright, Cheryl Iglesia, Samantha Conde Rocha Rangel, Daniela Gold, Natalia Novikova, Jennifer Jose, Linda S. Burkett, Alexis Dieter, Alexandra Dubinskaya & Christine Heisler. (2022) Joint Report on Terminology for Cosmetic Gynecology. International Urogynecology Journal 33:6, pages 1367-1386.
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Bertan AKAR, Yasin CEYLAN, Aşkı ELLİBEŞ KAYA & Eray ÇALIŞKAN. (2022) Female genital aesthetic surgery: comparison of cadaver and live surgery training models. Pelviperineology 41:1, pages 23-27.
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Olenka Dworakowski, Marie Drüge, Michelle Schlunegger & Birgit Watzke. (2021) Body dysmorphic disorder of female genitalia: a qualitative study of Swiss obstetrician–gynecologists’ experiences and practices. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 305:2, pages 379-387.
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Gemma Sharp. (2021) Genital Self-Image and Aesthetic Genital Surgeries: Novel Perspectives Across the Cisgender and Transgender Spectrum. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 41:12, pages NP2046-NP2052.
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Heather J. FurnasFrancisco L. CanalesRachel A. PedreiraCarly ComerSamuel J. LinPaul E. Banwell. (2021) The Safe Practice of Female Genital Plastic Surgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 9:7, pages e3660.
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Katie Propst & Cecile A. Ferrando. (2020) Outcomes of labiaplasty in women with labial hypertrophy. International Urogynecology Journal 32:5, pages 1247-1251.
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Janice Boddy. (2020) Re-thinking the Zero Tolerance Approach to FGM/C: the Debate Around Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery. Current Sexual Health Reports 12:4, pages 302-313.
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Gemma Sharp, Pascale Maynard, Abdul-Rahman Hudaib, Christine A Hamori, Jayson Oates, Jayashri Kulkarni & David B Sarwer. (2020) Do Genital Cosmetic Procedures Improve Women’s Self-Esteem? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 40:10, pages 1143-1151.
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Sarah Sorice-VirkAlexander Y. LiFrancisco L. CanalesHeather J. Furnas. (2020) Comparison of Patient Symptomatology before and after Labiaplasty. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 146:3, pages 526-536.
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Georgios Paslakis, Josep M. Farré, Iris Tolosa-Sola, Alba Palazón-Llecha, Helena Domínguez-Cagnon, Maria Jiménez, Berta Martínez Rosselló, Pere Barri-Soldevila & Gemma Mestre-Bach. (2020) Clinical Features Associated with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Pilot Longitudinal Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9:8, pages 2340.
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Miranda C. Fudge & E. Sandra Byers. (2019) An Exploration of Psychosocial Factors Associated with Female Genital Self-Image. Gender Issues 37:2, pages 153-172.
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Gemma Sharp, Pascale Maynard, Christine A Hamori, Jayson Oates, David B Sarwer & Jayashri Kulkarni. (2020) Measuring Quality of Life in Female Genital Cosmetic Procedure Patients: A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 40:3, pages 311-318.
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Josée L. Jarry, Nicole A.L. Dignard & Lauren M. O’Driscoll. (2019) Appearance investment: The construct that changed the field of body image. Body Image 31, pages 221-244.
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Lori A. Brotto, Maggie Bryce & Nicole Todd. 2019. Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery. Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery 118 128 .
Magdalena Simonis. 2019. Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery. Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery 107 117 .
Fatemeh Ekrami, Mojghan Mirghafourvand & Shahla Farzipour. (2018) Comparison of Mental Health and Self-Esteem in Applicants and Non-Applicants for Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery (FGCS): A Case-Control. Shiraz E-Medical Journal In Press:In Press.
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Tami S. Rowen, Thomas W. Gaither, Alan W. Shindel & Benjamin N. Breyer. (2018) Characteristics of Genital Dissatisfaction Among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 15:5, pages 698-704.
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Claire Moran & Christina Lee. (2016) ‘Everyone wants a vagina that looks less like a vagina’: Australian women’s views on dissatisfaction with genital appearance. Journal of Health Psychology 23:2, pages 229-239.
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Sara E Crann, Amanda Jenkins, Deborah M Money & Kieran C O’Doherty. (2017) Women’s genital body work: Health, hygiene and beauty practices in the production of idealized female genitalia. Feminism & Psychology 27:4, pages 510-529.
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Miranda C. Fudge & E. Sandra Byers. (2017) An exploration of the prevalence of global, categorical, and specific female genital dissatisfaction. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 26:2, pages 112-121.
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Gemma Sharp, Marika Tiggemann & Julie Mattiske. (2016) Psychological Outcomes of Labiaplasty: A Prospective Study. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 138:6, pages 1202-1209.
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Gemma Sharp, Marika Tiggemann & Julie Mattiske. (2016) A Retrospective Study of the Psychological Outcomes of Labiaplasty. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, pages sjw190.
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M Simonis, R Manocha & J J Ong. (2016) Female genital cosmetic surgery: a cross-sectional survey exploring knowledge, attitude and practice of general practitioners. BMJ Open 6:9, pages e013010.
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Gemma Sharp, Marika Tiggemann & Julie Mattiske. (2016) Factors That Influence the Decision to Undergo Labiaplasty: Media, Relationships, and Psychological Well-Being. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 36:4, pages 469-478.
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Michael P. Goodman. 2016. Female Genital Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery. Female Genital Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery 200 205 .
Gemma Sharp & Marika Tiggemann. (2016) Educating women about normal female genital appearance variation. Body Image 16, pages 70-78.
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Norma K. Ruppen-Greeff, Markus A. Landolt, Rita Gobet & Daniel M. Weber. (2016) Appraisal of adult genitalia after hypospadias repair: Do laypersons mind the difference?. Journal of Pediatric Urology 12:1, pages 32.e1-32.e8.
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Norma Katharina Ruppen-Greeff, Daniel M. Weber, Rita Gobet & Markus A. Landolt. (2015) What is a Good Looking Penis? How Women Rate the Penile Appearance of Men with Surgically Corrected Hypospadias. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 12:8, pages 1737-1745.
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Gemma Sharp, Marika Tiggemann & Julie Mattiske. (2014) Predictors of Consideration of Labiaplasty. Psychology of Women Quarterly 39:2, pages 182-193.
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Breanne Fahs. (2014) Genital panics: Constructing the vagina in women's qualitative narratives about pubic hair, menstrual sex, and vaginal self-image. Body Image 11:3, pages 210-218.
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David Veale, Iona Naismith, Ertiniss Eshkevari, Nell Ellison, Ana Costa, Dudley Robinson, Lanka Abeywickrama, Angelica Kavouni & Linda Cardozo. (2014) Psychosexual outcome after labiaplasty: a prospective case-comparison study. International Urogynecology Journal 25:6, pages 831-839.
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D. Veale, E. Eshkevari, N. Ellison, A. Costa, D. Robinson, A. Kavouni & L. Cardozo. (2013) Psychological characteristics and motivation of women seeking labiaplasty. Psychological Medicine 44:3, pages 555-566.
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David Veale, Ertimiss Eshkevari, Nell Ellison, Ana Costa, Dudley Robinson, Angelica Kavouni & Linda Cardozo. (2014) A comparison of risk factors for women seeking labiaplasty compared to those not seeking labiaplasty. Body Image 11:1, pages 57-62.
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Deborah L. Anderson, Craig D. Murray & Ruth Hurrell. (2013) Experiences of Intimacy Among People With Bladder Exstrophy. Qualitative Health Research 23:12, pages 1600-1612.
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David Veale & Joe Daniels. (2011) Cosmetic Clitoridectomy in a 33-Year-Old Woman. Archives of Sexual Behavior 41:3, pages 725-730.
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Andrea L. DeMaria, Ariane V. Hollub & Debby Herbenick. (2012) The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): Validation Among a Sample of Female College Students. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 9:3, pages 708-718.
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