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Original Article

The sensory modality assessment and rehabilitation technique (SMART): a valid and reliable assessment for vegetative state and minimally conscious state patients

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Pages 1255-1269 | Received 24 May 2003, Accepted 29 Apr 2004, Published online: 03 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (25)

Lynne Turner-Stokes, Hilary Rose, Alison Knight, Heather Williams, Richard J. Siegert & Stephen A. Ashford. (2023) Prolonged disorders of consciousness: identification using the UK FIM + FAM and cohort analysis of outcomes from a UK national clinical database. Disability and Rehabilitation 45:4, pages 620-629.
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Helen L. Gill-Thwaites, Karen E. Elliott & Anne-Marie Morrissey. (2023) LOCCATE: A tool to identify the diagnostic spectrum profile of motor function and functional communication responses for the individual with a prolonged disorder of consciousness. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 33:1, pages 48-68.
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L. Turner-Stokes, H. Rose, C. Lakra, H. Williams, S. A. Ashford & R. J. Siegert. (2020) Goal-setting and attainment in prolonged disorders of consciousness – development of a structured approach. Brain Injury 34:1, pages 78-88.
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Wendy L. Magee. (2018) Music in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of people with prolonged disorders of consciousness. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 28:8, pages 1331-1339.
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Ann-Marie Morrissey, Helen Gill-Thwaites, Barbara Wilson, Rachel Leonard, Lindsay McLellan, Amy Pundole & Agnes Shiel. (2018) The role of the SMART and WHIM in behavioural assessment of disorders of consciousness: clinical utility and scope for a symbiotic relationship. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 28:8, pages 1254-1265.
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Liliana da Conceição Teixeira, Helen Gill-Thwaites, Frances Reynolds & Sophie Duport. (2018) Can behavioural observations made during the SMART assessment detect the potential for later emergence from vegetative state?. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 28:8, pages 1340-1349.
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Verity Stokes, Sarah Gunn, Katie Schouwenaars & Derar Badwan. (2018) Neurobehavioural assessment and diagnosis in disorders of consciousness: a preliminary study of the Sensory Tool to Assess Responsiveness (STAR). Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 28:6, pages 966-983.
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Samira Kashinath Dhamapurkar, Barbara A Wilson, Anita Rose, Gerhard Florschutz, Peter Watson & Agnes Shiel. (2018) Does a regular Wessex Head Injury Matrix assessment identify early signs of infections in people with Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness?. Brain Injury 32:9, pages 1103-1109.
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L. Heine, B. Tillmann, M. Hauet, A. Juliat, A. Dubois, S. Laureys, M. Kandel, J. Plailly, J. Luauté & F Perrin. (2017) Effects of preference and sensory modality on behavioural reaction in patients with disorders of consciousness. Brain Injury 31:10, pages 1307-1311.
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Isolde Binzer, Hans Ulrich Schmidt, Tonius Timmermann, Maret Jochheim & Andreas Bender. (2016) Immediate responses to individual dialogic music therapy in patients in low awareness states. Brain Injury 30:7, pages 919-925.
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Alison K. Godbolt, Staffan Stenson, Maria Winberg & Christer Tengvar. (2012) Disorders of consciousness: Preliminary data supports added value of extended behavioural assessment. Brain Injury 26:2, pages 188-193.
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Damian Cruse, Martin M Monti & Adrian M Owen. (2011) Neuroimaging In Disorders of Consciousness: Contributions To Diagnosis and Prognosis. Future Neurology 6:2, pages 291-299.
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Giulio Lancioni, Mark O’Reilly, Nirbhay Singh, Francesca Buonocunto, Valentina Sacco, Fabio Colonna, Jorge Navarro, Crocifissa Lanzilotti, Marta Olivetti Belardinelli, Andrea Bosco, Gianfranco Megna & Marina de Tommaso. (2009) Evaluation of technology-assisted learning setups for undertaking assessment and providing intervention to persons with a diagnosis of vegetative state. Developmental Neurorehabilitation 12:6, pages 411-420.
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Giulio E. Lancioni, Mark F. O’Reilly, Nirbhay N. Singh, Francesca Buonocunto, Valentina Sacco, Fabio Colonna, Jorge Navarro, Doretta Oliva, Gianfranco Megna & Andrea Bosco. (2009) Technology-based intervention options for post-coma persons with minimally conscious state and pervasive motor disabilities. Developmental Neurorehabilitation 12:1, pages 24-31.
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Giulio E. Lancioni, Nirbhay N. Singh, Mark F. O'Reilly, Jeff Sigafoos, Francesca Buonocunto, Valentina Sacco, Fabio Colonna, Jorge Navarro, Gianfranco Megna, Claudia Chiapparino & Claudia De Pace. (2009) Two persons with severe post-coma motor impairment and minimally conscious state use assistive technology to access stimulus events and social contact. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 4:5, pages 367-372.
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H. J. Eilander, M. van de Wiel, M. Wijers, C. M. van Heugten, D. Buljevac, J.C. M. Lavrijsen, P. L. Hoenderdaal, L. de Letter-van der Heide, V.J. M. Wijnen, J.G. M. Scheirs, P.L. M. de Kort & A.J. H. Prevo. (2009) The reliability and validity of the PALOC-s: A Post-Acute Level of Consciousness scale for assessment of young patients with prolonged disturbed consciousness after brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 19:1, pages 1-27.
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Peter D. Patrick, Julia Buch Wamstad, Jennifer L. Mabry, Shannan Smith-Janik, Matthew J. Gurka, Marcia L. Buck & James A. Blackman. (2009) Assessing the relationship between the WNSSP and therapeutic participation in adolescents in low response states following severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 23:6, pages 528-534.
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Athena Demertzi, Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, Marie-Aurélie Bruno, Caroline Schnakers, Mélanie Boly, Pierre Boveroux, Pierre Maquet, Gustave Moonen & Steven Laureys. (2008) Is there anybody in there? Detecting awareness in disorders of consciousness. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 8:11, pages 1719-1730.
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Caroline Schnakers, Steve Majerus, Joseph Giacino, Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, Marie-Aurelie Bruno, Melanie Boly, Gustave Moonen, Pierre Damas, Bernard Lambermont, Maurice Lamy, FranÇois Damas, Manfredi Ventura & Steven Laureys. (2008) A French validation study of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Brain Injury 22:10, pages 786-792.
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Helen Gill-Thwaites. (2006) Lotteries, loopholes and luck: Misdiagnosis in the vegetative state patient. Brain Injury 20:13-14, pages 1321-1328.
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