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Original Articles

Cognitive processing of personally relevant information

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Pages 325-340 | Received 07 Apr 1993, Published online: 07 Jan 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (27)

Robert B. Durand, Manapon Limkriangkrai & Lucia Fung. (2019) Exogenous and Endogenous Attention and the Convergence of Analysts’ Forecasts. Journal of Behavioral Finance 20:2, pages 154-172.
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Robert F. Bornstein & Nikaya Becker-Matero. (2011) Reconnecting Psychoanalysis to Mainstream Psychology: Metaphor as Glue. Psychoanalytic Inquiry 31:2, pages 172-184.
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RobertF. Bornstein. (2011) From Symptom to Process: How the PDM Alters Goals and Strategies in Psychological Assessment. Journal of Personality Assessment 93:2, pages 142-150.
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Daniel Algom, Dan Zakay, Ofer Monar & Eran Chajut. (2009) Wheel chairs and arm chairs: A novel experimental design for the emotional Stroop effect. Cognition and Emotion 23:8, pages 1552-1564.
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Judith G. Glinder, Ellen Beckjord, Cheryl R. Kaiser & Bruce E. Compas. (2007) Psychological adjustment to breast cancer: Automatic and controlled responses to stress. Psychology & Health 22:3, pages 337-359.
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ManuelG. Calvo, M. Dolores Castillo & LuisJ. Fuentes. (2006) Processing of “unattended” threat-related information: Role of emotional content and context. Cognition and Emotion 20:8, pages 1049-1074.
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L. S. Fox & B. G. Knight. (2005) The effects of anxiety on attentional processes in older adults. Aging & Mental Health 9:6, pages 585-593.
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Amanda Holmes, Simon Green & Patrik Vuilleumier. (2005) The involvement of distinct visual channels in rapid attention towards fearful facial expressions. Cognition and Emotion 19:6, pages 899-922.
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Reza Pishyar, Lynne M. Harris & Ross G. Menzies. (2004) Attentional bias for words and faces in social anxiety. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 17:1, pages 23-36.
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Cynthia L. S. Pury & Susan Mineka. (2001) Differential encoding of affective and nonaffective content information in trait anxiety. Cognition and Emotion 15:5, pages 659-693.
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Klaus Rothermund, Dirk Wentura & Peter M. Bak. (2001) Automatic attention to stimuli signalling chances and dangers: Moderating effects of positive and negative goal and action contexts. Cognition and Emotion 15:2, pages 231-248.
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Brendan P. Bradley, Karin Mogg & Neil H. Millar. (2000) Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety. Cognition and Emotion 14:6, pages 789-808.
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Jennifer B. Freeman & J. Gayle Beck. (2000) Cognitive Interference for Trauma Cues in Sexually Abused Adolescent Girls With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 29:2, pages 245-256.
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Karin Mogg, James McNamara, Mark Powys, Hannah Rawlinson, Anna Seiffer & Brendan P. Bradley. (2000) Selective attention to threat: A test of two cognitive models of anxiety. Cognition and Emotion 14:3, pages 375-399.
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Joan M. Martin & David A. Cole. (2000) Using the Personal Stroop to Detect Children's Awareness of Social Rejection by Peers. Cognition and Emotion 14:2, pages 241-260.
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Dirk Hermans, Deb Vansteenwegen & Paul Eelen. (1999) Eye Movement Registration as a Continuous Index of Attention Deployment: Data from a Group of Spider Anxious Students. Cognition and Emotion 13:4, pages 419-434.
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Brendan P. Bradley, Karin Mogg, Sara J. Falla & Lucy R. Hamilton. (1998) Attentional Bias for Threatening Facial Expressions in Anxiety: Manipulation of Stimulus Duration. Cognition and Emotion 12:6, pages 737-753.
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RichardJ. McNally. (1998) Abnormalities in Anxiety Implications for Cognitive Neuroscience. Cognition and Emotion 12:3, pages 479-495.
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Sherry H. Stewart, Patricia J. Conrod, Michelle L. Gignac & Robert O. Pihl. (1998) Selective Processing Biases in Anxiety-sensitive Men and Women. Cognition and Emotion 12:1, pages 105-134.
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JoséA. Ruiz-Caballero & José Bermúdez. (1997) Anxiety and Attention: Is There an Attentional Bias for Positive Emotional Stimuli?. The Journal of General Psychology 124:2, pages 194-210.
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Lars-Gunnar Lundh, Anna Froding, Lars Gyllenhammar, Jan-Erik Broman & Jerker Hetta. (1997) Cognitive bias and memory performance in patients with persistent insomnia. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy 26:1, pages 27-35.
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M. M. Khanna, A. S. Badura-Brack, T. J. McDermott, C. M. Embury, A. I. Wiesman, A. Shepherd, T. J. Ryan, E. Heinrichs-Graham & T. W. Wilson. (2017) Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder exhibit altered emotional processing and attentional control during an emotional Stroop task. Psychological Medicine 47:11, pages 2017-2027.
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A. M. Hughes, T. Chalder, C. R. Hirsch & R. Moss-Morris. (2016) An attention and interpretation bias for illness-specific information in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychological Medicine 47:5, pages 853-865.
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Masahiro Shibasaki, Tomoko Isomura & Nobuo Masataka. (2014) Viewing images of snakes accelerates making judgements of their colour in humans: red snake effect as an instance of ‘emotional Stroop facilitation’. Royal Society Open Science 1:3, pages 140066.
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Melanie Noel, Tracy L. Taylor, Chelsea K. Quinlan & Sherry H. Stewart. (2011) The Impact of Attention Style on Directed Forgetting Among High Anxiety Sensitive Individuals. Cognitive Therapy and Research 36:4, pages 375-389.
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Robert F. Bornstein. (2010) Gender Schemas, Gender Roles, and Expressive Writing: Toward a Process-focused Model. Sex Roles 63:3-4, pages 173-177.
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Amanda L. Gamble & Ronald M. Rapee. (2010) The time-course of attention to emotional faces in social phobia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 41:1, pages 39-44.
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Paul Smith. 2009. Cognitive Approaches to the Assessment of Sexual Interest in Sexual Offenders. Cognitive Approaches to the Assessment of Sexual Interest in Sexual Offenders 159 176 .
Amanda L. Gamble & Ronald M. Rapee. (2009) The time-course of attentional bias in anxious children and adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 23:7, pages 841-847.
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John A. Edwards, Aaron L. Wichman & Gifford Weary. (2008) Causal uncertainty as a chronically accessible construct. European Journal of Social Psychology 39:5, pages 694-706.
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Katja Wingenfeld, Nina Rullkoetter, Christoph Mensebach, Thomas Beblo, Markus Mertens, Stefan Kreisel, Max Toepper, Martin Driessen & Friedrich G. Woermann. (2009) Neural correlates of the individual emotional Stroop in borderline personality disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34:4, pages 571-586.
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Patricia Sagaspe, Montserrat Sanchez-Ortuno, André Charles, Jacques Taillard, Cédric Valtat, Bernard Bioulac & Pierre Philip. (2006) Effects of sleep deprivation on Color-Word, Emotional, and Specific Stroop interference and on self-reported anxiety. Brain and Cognition 60:1, pages 76-87.
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KATJA WINGENFELD. (2006) ATTENTION BIAS TOWARDS PERSONALLY RELEVANT STIMULI: THE INDIVIDUAL EMOTIONAL STROOP TASK. Psychological Reports 99:7, pages 781.
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Donald G. Mackay, Meredith Shafto, Jennifer K. Taylor, Diane E. Marian, Lise Abrams & Jennifer R. Dyer. (2004) Relations between emotion, memory, and attention: Evidence from taboo Stroop, lexical decision, and immediate memory tasks. Memory & Cognition 32:3, pages 474-488.
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Paul SmithMitch Waterman. (2016) Processing Bias for Sexual Material: The Emotional Stroop and Sexual Offenders. Sexual Abuse 16:2, pages 163-171.
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Paul Smith & Mitch Waterman. (2004) Role of experience in processing bias for aggressive words in forensic and non‐forensic populations. Aggressive Behavior 30:2, pages 105-122.
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Frank P. McKenna & Dinkar Sharma. (2004) Reversing the Emotional Stroop Effect Reveals That It Is Not What It Seems: The Role of Fast and Slow Components.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30:2, pages 382-392.
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Jochen Brandtstädter, Andreas Voss & Klaus Rothermund. (2004) Perception of Danger Signals: The Role of Control. Experimental Psychology 51:1, pages 24-32.
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Keith S Dobson & David J.A Dozois. (2004) Attentional biases in eating disorders: A meta-analytic review of Stroop performance. Clinical Psychology Review 23:8, pages 1001-1022.
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Jeffrey Roelofs, Madelon L Peters, Marianne van der Zijden, Frans G.J.M Thielen & Johan W.S Vlaeyen. (2003) Selective attention and avoidance of pain-related stimuli: a dot-probe evaluation in a pain-free population. The Journal of Pain 4:6, pages 322-328.
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Brooke J. Cannon. (2016) An Emotional Stroop Effect to Malingering Related Words. Perceptual and Motor Skills 96:3, pages 827-834.
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Koraly Pérez-Edgar & Nathan A. Fox. (2003) Individual differences in children’s performance during an emotional Stroop task: A behavioral and electrophysiological study. Brain and Cognition 52:1, pages 33-51.
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Thomas Suslow & Klaus Junghanns. (2002) Impairments of emotion situation priming in alexithymia. Personality and Individual Differences 32:3, pages 541-550.
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Bonnie S. Snider, Gordon J. G. Asmundson & Kay C. Wiese. (2000) Automatic and Strategic Processing of Threat Cues in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Modified Stroop Evaluation. The Clinical Journal of Pain 16:2, pages 144-154.
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Sabine Kroeze & Marcel A van den Hout. (2000) Selective attention for cardiac information in panic patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy 38:1, pages 63-72.
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Mark W. Miller & Christopher J. Patrick. (2000) Trait differences in affective and attentional responding to threat revealed by emotional stroop interference and startle reflex modulation. Behavior Therapy 31:4, pages 757-776.
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Jacques M. Grisart & Leon H. Plaghki. (2012) Impaired selective attention in chronic pain patients. European Journal of Pain 3:4, pages 325-333.
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Karin Mogg, Brendan P. Bradley, Harpfreet Hyare & Sui Lee. (1998) Selective attention to food-related stimuli in hunger: are attentional biases specific to emotional and psychopathological states, or are they also found in normal drive states?. Behaviour Research and Therapy 36:2, pages 227-237.
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