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PAPERS

Long bone scaling and limb posture in non-avian theropods: Evidence for differential allometry

Pages 666-680 | Received 17 Sep 1998, Accepted 26 Apr 1999, Published online: 24 Aug 2010

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Marco Romano & Umberto Nicosia. (2014) Alierasaurus ronchii, gen. et sp. nov., a caseid from the Permian of Sardinia, Italy. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34:4, pages 900-913.
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StephenM. Gatesy, Martin Bäker & JohnR. Hutchinson. (2009) Constraint-based exclusion of limb poses for reconstructing theropod dinosaur locomotion. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:2, pages 535-544.
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R Ernesto Blanco. (2023) Tyrannosaurus rex runs again: a theoretical analysis of the hypothesis that full-grown large theropods had a locomotory advantage to hunt in a shallow-water environment . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198:1, pages 202-219.
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William J. Freimuth & John P. Wilson. (2021) New manual unguals of Trierarchuncus prairiensis from the Hell Creek Formation, Montana, and the ontogenetic development of the functional alvarezsaurid hand claw. Cretaceous Research 119, pages 104698.
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Nicolás E. Campione & David C. Evans. (2020) The accuracy and precision of body mass estimation in non‐avian dinosaurs. Biological Reviews 95:6, pages 1759-1797.
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Peter J. Bishop, Scott A. Hocknull, Christofer J. Clemente, John R. Hutchinson, Andrew A. Farke, Belinda R. Beck, Rod S. Barrett & David G. Lloyd. (2018) Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part I—an examination of cancellous bone architecture in the hindlimb bones of theropods. PeerJ 6, pages e5778.
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Peter J. Bishop, Scott A. Hocknull, Christofer J. Clemente, John R. Hutchinson, Andrew A. Farke, Rod S. Barrett & David G. Lloyd. (2018) Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part III—Inferring posture and locomotor biomechanics in extinct theropods, and its evolution on the line to birds. PeerJ 6, pages e5777.
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Marcos G. Becerra & Mariano A. Ramírez. (2018) Locomotor Morphotypes, Allometry, Linear Regressions and the Smallest Sizes in Ornithischia: Estimating Body Length Using Hind Limb Variables. Ameghiniana 55:5, pages 491.
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Ulysse Lefèvre, Andrea Cau, Aude Cincotta, Dongyu Hu, Anusuya Chinsamy, François Escuillié & Pascal Godefroit. (2017) A new Jurassic theropod from China documents a transitional step in the macrostructure of feathers. The Science of Nature 104:9-10.
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Nicholas R. Chan. (2016) Phylogenetic variation in hind-limb bone scaling of flightless theropods. Paleobiology 43:1, pages 129-143.
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Taylor J. M. Dick & Christofer J. Clemente. (2017) Where Have All the Giants Gone? How Animals Deal with the Problem of Size. PLOS Biology 15:1, pages e2000473.
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W. Scott Persons IV & Philip J. Currie. (2016) An approach to scoring cursorial limb proportions in carnivorous dinosaurs and an attempt to account for allometry. Scientific Reports 6:1.
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Gavin J. Bradley, Michael E. Burns & Philip J. Currie. (2015) Missing data estimation in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs: Can diameter take the place of circumference?. Cretaceous Research 55, pages 200-209.
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Scott Lee. (2015) Scaling in Theropod Dinosaurs: Femoral Bone Strength and Locomotion II. The Physics Teacher 53:3, pages 158-161.
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Brandon P. Hedrick, Phillip L. Manning, Eric R. Lynch, Samantha A. Cordero & Peter Dodson. (2014) The geometry of taking flight: Limb morphometrics in Mesozoic theropods. Journal of Morphology 276:2, pages 152-166.
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Brandon P. Hedrick, Gao Chunling, Gomaa I. Omar, Zhang Fengjiao, Shen Caizhi & Peter Dodson. (2014) The osteology and taphonomy of a Psittacosaurus bonebed assemblage of the Yixian Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Liaoning, China. Cretaceous Research 51, pages 321-340.
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Steven E. Jasinski & Steven C. Wallace. (2013) Investigation into the Paleobiology of Dasypus bellus Using Geometric Morphometrics and Variation of the Calcaneus. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 21:3, pages 285-298.
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Scott A. Lee. (2014) Scaling in Theropod Dinosaurs: Femoral Bone Dimensions. The Physics Teacher 52:5, pages 304-306.
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Nathan P. Myhrvold. (2013) Revisiting the Estimation of Dinosaur Growth Rates. PLoS ONE 8:12, pages e81917.
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Charlotte A. Brassey, Andrew C. Kitchener, Philip J. Withers, Phillip L. Manning & William I. Sellers. (2013) The Role of Cross‐Sectional Geometry, Curvature, and Limb Posture in Maintaining Equal Safety Factors: A Computed Tomography Study. The Anatomical Record 296:3, pages 395-413.
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Eoin J. O’Gorman & David W. E. Hone. (2012) Body Size Distribution of the Dinosaurs. PLoS ONE 7:12, pages e51925.
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Nicolás E Campione & David C Evans. (2012) A universal scaling relationship between body mass and proximal limb bone dimensions in quadrupedal terrestrial tetrapods. BMC Biology 10:1.
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Michael D. D'Emic, Keegan M. Melstrom & Drew R. Eddy. (2012) Paleobiology and geographic range of the large-bodied Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Acrocanthosaurus atokensis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 333-334, pages 13-23.
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Stephen L. Brusatte. 2012. Dinosaur Paleobiology. Dinosaur Paleobiology 262 307 .
Thomas D. Carr, Thomas E. Williamson, Brooks B. Britt & Ken Stadtman. (2011) Evidence for high taxonomic and morphologic tyrannosauroid diversity in the Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian) of the American Southwest and a new short-skulled tyrannosaurid from the Kaiparowits formation of Utah. Naturwissenschaften 98:3, pages 241-246.
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Orlando N. Grillo & Sergio A.K. Azevedo. (2011) Recovering missing data: estimating position and size of caudal vertebrae in Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83:1, pages 61-72.
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Matthew F. Bonnan, Jennifer L. Sandrik, Takahiko Nishiwaki, D. Ray Wilhite, Ruth M. Elsey & Christopher Vittore. (2010) Calcified cartilage shape in archosaur long bones reflects overlying joint shape in stress-bearing elements: Implications for nonavian dinosaur locomotion. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 293:12, pages 2044-2055.
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Margaret E. Lewis & Michael R. Lague. 2014. Carnivoran Evolution. Carnivoran Evolution 411 465 .
Brandon M. Kilbourne & Peter J. Makovicky. (2010) Limb bone allometry during postnatal ontogeny in non-avian dinosaurs. Journal of Anatomy, pages no-no.
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John R. Hutchinson & Vivian Allen. (2008) The evolutionary continuum of limb function from early theropods to birds. Naturwissenschaften 96:4, pages 423-448.
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Karl T. Bates, Phillip L. Manning, David Hodgetts & William I. Sellers. (2009) Estimating Mass Properties of Dinosaurs Using Laser Imaging and 3D Computer Modelling. PLoS ONE 4:2, pages e4532.
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Matthew F. Bonnan. (2007) Linear and Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Long Bone Scaling Patterns in Jurassic Neosauropod Dinosaurs: Their Functional and Paleobiological Implications. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 290:9, pages 1089-1111.
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Xing Xu, Qingwei Tan, Jianmin Wang, Xijin Zhao & Lin Tan. (2007) A gigantic bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of China. Nature 447:7146, pages 844-847.
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John R. Hutchinson, Victor Ng-Thow-Hing & Frank C. Anderson. (2007) A 3D interactive method for estimating body segmental parameters in animals: Application to the turning and running performance of Tyrannosaurus rex. Journal of Theoretical Biology 246:4, pages 660-680.
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John R. Hutchinson & Stephen M. Gatesy. (2006) Beyond the bones. Nature 440:7082, pages 292-294.
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John R. Hutchinson. (2006) The evolution of locomotion in archosaurs. Comptes Rendus Palevol 5:3-4, pages 519-530.
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Paul J. Bybee, Andrew H. Lee & Ellen‐Thérèse Lamm. (2005) Sizing the Jurassic theropod dinosaur Allosaurus : Assessing growth strategy and evolution of ontogenetic scaling of limbs . Journal of Morphology 267:3, pages 347-359.
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John R. Hutchinson, Frank C. Anderson, Silvia S. Blemker & Scott L. Delp. (2005) Analysis of hindlimb muscle moment arms in Tyrannosaurus rex using a three-dimensional musculoskeletal computer model: implications for stance, gait, and speed. Paleobiology 31:4, pages 676.
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John R. Hutchinson. (2004) Biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running ability. II. Extinct taxa. Journal of Morphology 262:1, pages 441-461.
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James O. Farlow & Thomas R. HoltzJr.Jr.. (2017) The Fossil Record of Predation in Dinosaurs. The Paleontological Society Papers 8, pages 251-266.
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Per Christiansen & Niels Bonde. (2002) Limb proportions and avian terrestrial locomotionGliedmaßenproportionen und terrestrische Lokomotion der Vögel. Journal für Ornithologie 143:3, pages 356-371.
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Eric Snively & Anthony Russell. (2002) The Tyrannosaurid metatarsus: Bone strain and inferred ligament function. Senckenbergiana lethaea 82:1, pages 35-42.
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Per Christiansen. (2001) Mass allometry of the appendicular skeleton in terrestrial mammals. Journal of Morphology 251:2, pages 195-209.
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Gary P. Burness, Jared Diamond & Timothy Flannery. (2001) Dinosaurs, dragons, and dwarfs: The evolution of maximal body size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98:25, pages 14518-14523.
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Matthew T. Carrano. (2006) Implications of limb bone scaling, curvature and eccentricity in mammals and non‐avian dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology 254:1, pages 41-55.
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James O. Farlow, Stephen M. Gatesy, Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.John R. Hutchinson & John M. Robinson. (2000) Theropod Locomotion1. American Zoologist 40:4, pages 640-663.
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James O. Farlow, Stephen M. Gatesy, Thomas R. HoltzJr.Jr., John R. Hutchinson & John M. Robinson. (2000) Theropod Locomotion. American Zoologist 40:4, pages 640-663.
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