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Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
International Child Health
Volume 16, 1996 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus infections in severely ill, HIV-infected African infants

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Pages 361-368 | Received 04 Mar 1996, Published online: 13 Jul 2016

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (7)

James J. C. Nuttall. (2019) Current antimicrobial management of community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected children. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 20:5, pages 595-608.
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Prakash M. Jeena & Miriam Adhikari. (2017) Provision of critical care services to HIV-infected children in an era of advanced intensive care and availability of combined antiretroviral therapy. Paediatrics and International Child Health 37:3, pages 166-171.
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Penny M Enarson, Robert P Gie, Donald A Enarson, Charles Mwansambo & Stephen M Graham. (2010) Impact of HIV on standard case management for severe pneumonia in children. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 4:2, pages 211-220.
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Diane Gray & Heather J Zar. (2009) Management of community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected children. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 7:4, pages 437-451.
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PM Jeena. (2008) An approach to the child in respiratory distress. South African Family Practice 50:3, pages 32-37.
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Getachew Aderaye, Judith Bruchfeld, Getachew Aseffa, Yared Nigussie, Kibrebeal Melaku, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Daniel Asrat, Alemayehu Worku, Haimanot Gægziabher, Marianne Lebaad & Lars Lindquist. (2007) Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and other pulmonary infections in TB smear-negative HIV-positive patients with atypical chest X-ray in Ethiopia. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 39:11-12, pages 1045-1053.
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Raziya Bobat, Dhayendre Moodley, Anna Coutsoudis, Hoosen Coovadia & Eleanor Gouws. (1998) The early natural history of vertically transmitted HIV-1 infection in African children from Durban, South Africa. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 18:3, pages 187-196.
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Articles from other publishers (55)

Silvere D. Zaongo, Jing Ouyang, Yaling Chen, Yan-Mei Jiao, Hao Wu & Yaokai Chen. (2022) HIV Infection Predisposes to Increased Chances of HBV Infection: Current Understanding of the Mechanisms Favoring HBV Infection at Each Clinical Stage of HIV Infection. Frontiers in Immunology 13.
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Kerusha Govender, Nokukhanya Msomi, Pravi Moodley & Raveen Parboosing. (2021) Cytomegalovirus pneumonia of infants in Africa: a narrative literature review. Future Microbiology 16:18, pages 1401-1414.
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Nazia Peer, Isaac I. Bogoch, Quique Bassat, Leslie Newcombe, Leah K. Watson, Nico Nagelkerke & Prabhat Jha. (2019) AIDS-defining causes of death from autopsy findings for HIV-positive individuals in sub-Saharan Africa in the pre- and post-ART era: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Gates Open Research 3, pages 1509.
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Kerusha Govender, Prakash Jeena & Raveen Parboosing. (2017) Clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage cytomegalovirus viral loads in the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonitis in infants. Journal of Medical Virology 89:6, pages 1080-1087.
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Rishi K. Gupta, Sebastian B. Lucas, Katherine L. Fielding & Stephen D. Lawn. (2015) Prevalence of tuberculosis in post-mortem studies of HIV-infected adults and children in resource-limited settings. AIDS 29:15, pages 1987-2002.
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Brenda M Morrow, Catherine M Samuel, Marco Zampoli, Andrew Whitelaw & Heather J Zar. (2014) Pneumocystis pneumonia in South African children diagnosed by molecular methods. BMC Research Notes 7:1.
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Janneke A. Cox, Robert L. Lukande, Sam Kalungi, Eric Van Marck, Koen Van de Vijver, Andrew Kambugu, Ann M. Nelson, Yukari C. Manabe & Robert Colebunders. (2014) Needle Autopsy to Establish the Cause of Death in HIV-Infected Hospitalized Adults in Uganda. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 67:2, pages 169-176.
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Sonia Restrepo-Gualteros, Lina Jaramillo-Barberi, Monica Gonzalez-Santos, Carlos Rodriguez-Martinez, Geovanny Perez, Maria Gutierrez & Gustavo Nino. (2014) Characterization of Cytomegalovirus Lung Infection in Non-HIV Infected Children. Viruses 6:5, pages 2038-2051.
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Surbhi Modi, Alex Chiu, Bernadette Ng’eno, Scott E. Kellerman, Nandita Sugandhi & Lulu Muhe. (2013) Understanding the contribution of common childhood illnesses and opportunistic infections to morbidity and mortality in children living with HIV in resource-limited settings. AIDS 27:Supplement 2, pages S159-S167.
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Nei-Yuan Hsiao, Marco Zampoli, Brenda Morrow, Heather J. Zar & Diana Hardie. (2013) Cytomegalovirus viraemia in HIV exposed and infected infants: Prevalence and clinical utility for diagnosing CMV pneumonia. Journal of Clinical Virology 58:1, pages 74-78.
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Matthew Bates, Victor Mudenda, Peter Mwaba & Alimuddin Zumla. (2013) Deaths due to respiratory tract infections in Africa. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 19:3, pages 229-237.
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Omolemo P. Kitchin, Refiloe Masekela, Piet Becker, Teshni Moodley, Sam M. Risenga & Robin J. Green. (2012) Outcome of human immunodeficiency virus?exposed and ?infected children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit for respiratory failure*. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 13:5, pages 516-519.
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Catherine M Samuel, Andrew Whitelaw, Craig Corcoran, Brenda Morrow, Nei-Yuan Hsiao, Marco Zampoli & Heather J Zar. (2011) Improved detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in upper and lower respiratory tract specimens from children with suspected pneumocystis pneumonia using real-time PCR: a prospective study. BMC Infectious Diseases 11:1.
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Warunee Punpanich, Michelle Groome, Lulu Muhe, Shamim A. Qazi & Shabir A. Madhi. (2011) Systematic Review on the Etiology and Antibiotic Treatment of Pneumonia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 30:10, pages e192-e202.
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Julie R. Harris, Barbara J. Marston, Nalinee Sangrujee, Desiree DuPlessis & Benjamin Park. (2011) Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Diagnostic Options for Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP). PLoS ONE 6:8, pages e23158.
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Marco Zampoli, Brenda Morrow, Nei-Yaun Hsiao, Andrew Whitelaw & Heather J. Zar. (2011) Prevalence and Outcome of Cytomegalovirus-associated Pneumonia in Relation to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 30:5, pages 413-417.
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Stephen M. Graham, Limangeni Mankhambo, Ajib Phiri, Simon Kaunda, Tarsizio Chikaonda, Mavuto Mukaka, Elizabeth M. Molyneux, Enitan D. Carrol & Malcolm E. Molyneux. (2011) Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on the Etiology and Outcome of Severe Pneumonia in Malawian Children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 30:1, pages 33-38.
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Frank Shann, Andrew C. Argent & Suchitra Ranjit. 2011. Pediatric Critical Care. Pediatric Critical Care 164 178 .
Mike Sharland, Suzanne Luck, Paul Griffiths & Mark Cotton. 2011. Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children VII. Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children VII 243 260 .
Julie R. Harris, S. Arunmozhi Balajee & Benjamin J. Park. (2010) Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia: Current Knowledge and Outstanding Public Health Issues. Current Fungal Infection Reports 4:4, pages 229-237.
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Brenda M. Morrow, Nei-Yuan Hsaio, Marco Zampoli, Andrew Whitelaw & Heather J. Zar. (2010) Pneumocystis Pneumonia in South African Children With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 29:6, pages 535-539.
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D. Calder & S. Qazi. (2009) Evidence behind the WHO Guidelines: Hospital Care for Children: What is the Aetiology of Pneumonia in HIV-infected Children in Developing Countries?. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 55:4, pages 219-224.
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Heidi Smuts. (2008) Human coronavirus NL63 infections in infants hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infections in South Africa. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 2:4, pages 135-138.
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A. C. Argent. (2008) Managing HIV in the PICU — The experience at the red cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital in Cape Town. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics 75:6, pages 615-620.
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Abigail Orenstein & Henry Masur. 2007. Diagnosis of Fungal Infections. Diagnosis of Fungal Infections 267 290 .
Andrew Prendergast, Gareth Tudor-Williams, Prakash Jeena, Sandra Burchett & Philip Goulder. (2007) International perspectives, progress, and future challenges of paediatric HIV infection. The Lancet 370:9581, pages 68-80.
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Lisa M McNally, Prakash M Jeena, Kavitha Gajee, Stanley A Thula, A Willem Sturm, Sharon Cassol, Andrew M Tomkins, Hoosen M Coovadia & David Goldblatt. (2007) Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and maternal HIV status on treatment response and cause of severe pneumonia in South African children: a prospective descriptive study. The Lancet 369:9571, pages 1440-1451.
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Anniek J. De Baets, Marc Bulterys, Elaine J. Abrams, Chipepo Kankassa & Isidore E. Pazvakavambwa. (2007) Care and Treatment of HIV-Infected Children in Africa. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 26:2, pages 163-173.
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Leslie K. Serchuck. 2009. Handbook of Pediatric HIV Care. Handbook of Pediatric HIV Care 740 756 .
Frank Shann & Andrew Argent. 2006. Pediatric Critical Care. Pediatric Critical Care 183 200 .
Mahboob H. Qureshi, Beth A. Garvy, Claire Pomeroy, Mohammed S. Inayat & Oliver R. Oakley. (2005) A murine model of dual infection with cytomegalovirus and Pneumocystis carinii: Effects of virus-induced immunomodulation on disease progression. Virus Research 114:1-2, pages 35-44.
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L. K. Serchuck. 2010. Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care. Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care 620 632 .
Lynne M. Mofenson, James Oleske, Leslie Serchuck, Russell Van Dyke & Cathy Wilfert. (2005) Treating Opportunistic Infections among HIV-Exposed and Infected Children: Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases 40:Supplement_1, pages S1-S84.
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Powel Kazanjian, David Fisk & Steven Meshnick. 2004. Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Third Edition. Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Third Edition 435 450 .
S.M. Graham. (2003) Impact of HIV on childhood respiratory illness: Differences between developing and developed countries. Pediatric Pulmonology 36:6, pages 462-468.
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Stephen M. Graham. (2003) HIV and respiratory infections in children. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 9:3, pages 215-220.
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NASEEM A. ANSARI, ALLY H. KOMBE, THOMAS A. KENYON, LOETO MAZHANI, NANCY BINKIN, JORDAN W. TAPPERO, TESFAYE GEBREKRISTOS, SAMBAYAWO NYIRENDA & SEBASTIAN B. LUCAS. (2003) Pathology and causes of death in a series of human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative pediatric referral hospital admissions in Botswana. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 22:1, pages 43-47.
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David T. Fisk, Steven Meshnick & Powel H. Kazanjian. (2003) Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Patients in the Developing World Who Have Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . Clinical Infectious Diseases 36:1, pages 70-78.
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Stephen M Graham. (2002) Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for HIV-exposed infants in Africa. The Lancet 360:9349, pages 1966-1968.
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Shabir A Madhi, Clare Cutland, Kuraisha Ismail, Cathryn O’Reilly, Archana Mancha & Keith P Klugman. (2002) Ineffectiveness of Trimethoprim‐Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis and the Importance of Bacterial and Viral Coinfections in African Children with Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia . Clinical Infectious Diseases 35:9, pages 1120-1126.
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Chifumbe Chintu, Victor Mudenda, Sebastian Lucas, Andrew Nunn, Kennedy Lishimpi, Daniel Maswahu, Francis Kasolo, Peter Mwaba, Ganapati Bhat, Hiroshi Terunuma & Alimuddin Zumla. (2002) Lung diseases at necropsy in African children dying from respiratory illnesses: a descriptive necropsy study. The Lancet 360:9338, pages 985-990.
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N.J. Hargreaves, O. Kadzakumanja, S. Phiri, C.-H. Lee, X. Tang, F.M. Salaniponi, A.D. Harries & S.B. Squire. (2001) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients being registered for smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 95:4, pages 402-408.
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