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The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A
Human Experimental Psychology
Volume 55, 2002 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Outcome and cue properties modulate blocking

Jan De Houwer University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
,
Tom Beckers University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
&
Steven Glautier University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Pages 965-985 | Published online: 22 Sep 2010

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Chris J. Mitchell, Oren Griffiths, Pranjal More & Peter F. Lovibond. (2013) Contingency bias in probability judgement may arise from ambiguity regarding additional causes. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 66:9, pages 1675-1686.
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Irina Baetu & A. G. Baker. (2012) Are preventive and generative causal reasoning symmetrical? Extinction and competition. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 65:9, pages 1675-1698.
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Leyre Castro & Helena Matute. (2010) Positive and negative mediation as a function of whether the absent cue was previously associated with the outcome. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 63:12, pages 2359-2375.
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Alana L. Scully & Chris J. Mitchell. (2008) Extinction in human learning and memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 61:10, pages 1472-1478.
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Miguel A. Vadillo & Helena Matute. (2007) Predictions and causal estimations are not supported by the same associative structure. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60:3, pages 433-447.
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Chris J. Mitchell, Evan Livesey & Peter F. Lovibond. (2007) A dissociation between causal judgement and the ease with which a cause is categorized with its effect. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60:3, pages 400-417.
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Oskar Pineño & Ralph R. Miller. (2007) Comparing associative, statistical, and inferential reasoning accounts of human contingency learning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60:3, pages 310-329.
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David R. Shanks. (2007) Associationism and cognition: Human contingency learning at 25. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60:3, pages 291-309.
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Darrell J. Collins & David R. Shanks. (2006) Summation in causal learning: Elemental processing or configural generalization?. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 59:9, pages 1524-1534.
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Chris J. Mitchell, Peter F. Lovibond, Erin Minard & Yvonna Lavis. (2006) Forward blocking in human learning sometimes reflects the failure to encode a cue–outcome relationship. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 59:05, pages 830-844.
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José Perales & Andrés Catena. (2006) Human causal induction: A glimpse at the whole picture. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 18:2, pages 277-320.
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Darrell J. Collins & David R. Shanks. (2006) Short article conformity to the power PC theory of causal induction depends on the type of probe question. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 59:2, pages 225-232.
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Peter A. White. (2005) Cue interaction effects in causal judgement: An interpretation in terms of the evidential evaluation model. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 58:2, pages 99-140.
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Evan J. Livesey & Robert A. Boakes. (2004) Outcome additivity, elemental processing and blocking in human causality judgements . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 57:4, pages 361-379.
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Jan De Houwer & Tom Beckers. (2003) Secondary task difficulty modulates forward blocking in human contingency learning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 56:4, pages 345-357.
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Jan De Houwer & Tom Beckers. (2002) A review of recent developments in research and theories on human contingency learning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 55:4, pages 289-310.
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Chris J. Mitchell & Peter F. Lovibond. (2002) Backward and forward blocking in human electrodermal conditioning: Blocking requires an assumption of outcome additivity. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 55:4, pages 311-329.
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Articles from other publishers (53)

Deon T. Benton, David Kamper, Rebecca M. Beaton & David M. Sobel. (2023) Don't throw the associative baby out with the Bayesian bathwater: Children are more associative when reasoning retrospectively under information processing demands. Developmental Science 27:3.
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Deon T. Benton & David H. Rakison. (2023) Associative learning or Bayesian inference? Revisiting backwards blocking reasoning in adults. Cognition 241, pages 105626.
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Jooyong Park, Shannon McGillivray, Jeffrey K. Bye & Patricia W. Cheng. (2022) Causal invariance as a tacit aspiration: Analytic knowledge of invariance functions. Cognitive Psychology 132, pages 101432.
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Miguel A. Vadillo & Itxaso Barberia. 2022. Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior 843 844 .
Alex H.K. Wong & Tom Beckers. (2021) Trait anxiety is associated with reduced typicality asymmetry in fear generalization. Behaviour Research and Therapy 138, pages 103802.
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Evan J. Livesey, Justine K. Greenaway, Samantha Schubert & Anna Thorwart. (2019) Testing the deductive inferential account of blocking in causal learning. Memory & Cognition 47:6, pages 1120-1132.
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Phil Reed & Martyn Quigley. (2019) Over-selectivity decreases with increased training: A role for within-compound associations. Acta Psychologica 198, pages 102868.
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Jan De Houwer. 2018. Neurobiology of the Placebo Effect Part I. Neurobiology of the Placebo Effect Part I 95 111 .
Miguel A. Vadillo & Itxaso Barberia. 2017. Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior 1 3 .
Anna Thorwart & Evan J. Livesey. (2016) Three Ways That Non-associative Knowledge May Affect Associative Learning Processes. Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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Hongjing Lu, Randall R. Rojas, Tom Beckers & Alan L. Yuille. (2015) A Bayesian Theory of Sequential Causal Learning and Abstract Transfer. Cognitive Science 40:2, pages 404-439.
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Diana Delgado. (2015) Blocking in Humans: Logical Reasoning Versus Contingency Learning. The Psychological Record 66:1, pages 31-40.
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Miguel A. Vadillo, Fernando Blanco, Ion Yarritu & Helena Matute. (2016) Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency Detection. Experimental Psychology 63:1, pages 3-19.
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Yannick Boddez, Kim Haesen, Frank Baeyens & Tom Beckers. (2014) Selectivity in associative learning: a cognitive stage framework for blocking and cue competition phenomena. Frontiers in Psychology 5.
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Diana Delgado & Linda J. Hayes. (2014) An Integrative Approach to Learning Processes: Revisiting Substitution of Functions. The Psychological Record 64:3, pages 625-637.
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Fernando Blanco, Frank Baeyens & Tom Beckers. (2014) Blocking in human causal learning is affected by outcome assumptions manipulated through causal structure. Learning & Behavior 42:2, pages 185-199.
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Diana Delgado, Iván Felipe Medina & Laura Jiménez. (2014) Relaciones de equivalencia y estilo cognitivo: hallazgos de una relación no explorada. Suma Psicológica 21:1, pages 19-27.
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Jan De Houwer. (2014) A propositional perspective on context effects in human associative learning. Behavioural Processes 104, pages 20-25.
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R. Morris, O. Griffiths, M. E. Le Pelley & T. W. Weickert. (2012) Attention to Irrelevant Cues Is Related to Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 39:3, pages 575-582.
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Cody W. Polack, Bridget L. McConnell & Ralph R. Miller. (2012) Associative foundation of causal learning in rats. Learning & Behavior 41:1, pages 25-41.
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Anna Thorwart, Steven Glautier & Harald Lachnit. (2010) Convergent results in eyeblink conditioning and contingency learning in humans: Addition of a common cue does not affect feature-negative discriminations. Biological Psychology 85:2, pages 207-212.
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Miguel A. Vadillo & Helena Matute. (2010) Augmentation in contingency learning under time pressure. British Journal of Psychology 101:3, pages 579-589.
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David R. Shanks. (2010) Learning: From Association to Cognition. Annual Review of Psychology 61:1, pages 273-301.
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KOSUKE SAWA. (2009) Predictive behavior and causal learning in animals and humans 1 . Japanese Psychological Research 51:3, pages 222-233.
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Chris J. Mitchell, Jan De Houwer & Peter F. Lovibond. (2009) The propositional nature of human associative learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32:2, pages 183-198.
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Tom Beckers, Stefaan Vandorpe, Ine Debeys & Jan De Houwer. (2009) Three-Year-Olds’ Retrospective Revaluation in the Blicket Detector Task. Experimental Psychology 56:1, pages 27-32.
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David Luque, Pedro L. Cobos & Francisco J. López. (2008) Interference between cues requires a causal scenario: Favorable evidence for causal reasoning models in learning processes. Learning and Motivation 39:3, pages 196-208.
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Andrés Catena, Antonio Maldonado, José C. Perales & Antonio Cándido. (2008) Interaction between previous beliefs and cue predictive value in covariation-based causal induction. Acta Psychologica 128:2, pages 339-349.
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Derek C. PennDaniel J. Povinelli. (2007) Causal Cognition in Human and Nonhuman Animals: A Comparative, Critical Review. Annual Review of Psychology 58:1, pages 97-118.
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Stefaan Vandorpe & Jan De Houwer. (2006) People want to see information that will help them make valid inferences in human causal learning. Memory & Cognition 34:5, pages 1133-1139.
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Jessecae K. Marsh & Woo-Kyoung Ahn. (2006) Order effects in contingency learning: The role of task complexity. Memory & Cognition 34:3, pages 568-576.
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Tom Beckers, Ralph R. Miller, Jan De Houwer & Kouji Urushihara. (2006) Reasoning rats: Forward blocking in Pavlovian animal conditioning is sensitive to constraints of causal inference.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 135:1, pages 92-102.
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Bram Vervliet, Debora Vansteenwegen & Paul Eelen. (2006) Generalization Gradients for Acquisition and Extinction in Human Contingency Learning. Experimental Psychology 53:2, pages 132-142.
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Francisco J. López, Pedro L. Cobos & Antonio Caño. (2005) Associative and causal reasoning accounts of causal induction: Symmetries and asymmetries in predictive and diagnostic inferences. Memory & Cognition 33:8, pages 1388-1398.
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Chris J. Mitchell, Peter F. Lovibond & Chee York Gan. (2005) A dissociation between causal judgment and outcome recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 12:5, pages 950-954.
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Stefaan Vandorpe, Jan De Houwer & Tom Beckers. (2005) Further evidence for the role of inferential reasoning in forward blocking. Memory & Cognition 33:6, pages 1047-1056.
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Jan De Houwer, Stefaan Vandorpe & Tom Beckers. (2005) Evidence for the role of higher order reasoning processes in cue competition and other learning phenomena. Learning & Behavior 33:2, pages 239-249.
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Michael R. Waldmann & Jessica M. Walker. (2005) Competence and performance in causal learning. Animal Learning & Behavior 33:2, pages 211-229.
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Oskar Pineño, James C. Denniston, Tom Beckers, Helena Matute & Ralph R. Miller. (2005) Contrasting predictive and causal values of predictors and of causes. Animal Learning & Behavior 33:2, pages 184-196.
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Miguel A. Vadillo, Ralph R. Miller & Helena Matute. (2005) Causal and predictive-value judgments, but not predictions, are based on cue-outcome contingency. Animal Learning & Behavior 33:2, pages 172-183.
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Michael R. F. Aitken & Anthony Dickinson. (2005) Simulations of a modified SOP model applied to retrospective revaluation of human causal learning. Animal Learning & Behavior 33:2, pages 147-159.
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Edward A. Wasserman & Leyre Castro. (2005) Surprise and change: Variations in the strength of present and absent cues in causal learning. Animal Learning & Behavior 33:2, pages 131-146.
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Chris J. Mitchell, Peter F. Lovibond & Maria Condoleon. (2005) Evidence for deductive reasoning in blocking of causal judgments. Learning and Motivation 36:1, pages 77-87.
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Tom Beckers, Jan De Houwer, Oskar Pineño & Ralph R. Miller. (2005) Outcome Additivity and Outcome Maximality Influence Cue Competition in Human Causal Learning.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31:2, pages 238-249.
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Tom Beckers, Uschi Van den Broeck, Marij Renne, Stefaan Vandorpe, Jan De Houwer & Paul Eelen. (2005) Blocking Is Sensitive to Causal Structure in 4-Year-Old and 8-Year-Old Children. Experimental Psychology 52:4, pages 264-271.
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Miguel A. Vadillo, Sonia Vegas & Helena Matute. (2004) Frequency of judgment as a context-like determinant of predictive judgments. Memory & Cognition 32:7, pages 1065-1075.
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Peter F. Lovibond. (2004) Cognitive Processes in Extinction: Figure 1. Learning & Memory 11:5, pages 495-500.
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José C. Perales, Andrés Catena & Antonio Maldonado. (2004) Inferring non-observed correlations from causal scenarios: The role of causal knowledge. Learning and Motivation 35:2, pages 115-135.
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David R. Shanks. 2004. Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making. Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making 220 239 .
Peter F. Peter F.Sara-Lee Been, Chris J. Mitchell, Mark E. Bouton & Russell Frohardt. (2003) Forward and backward blocking of causal judgment is enhanced by additivity of effect magnitude. Memory & Cognition 31:1, pages 133-142.
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Jan De Houwer & Tom Beckers. (2002) Second-Order Backward Blocking and Unovershadowing in Human Causal Learning. Experimental Psychology 49:1, pages 27-33.
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