508
Views
77
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Confirmation and matching biases in hypothesis testing

&
Pages 269-297 | Received 08 Apr 1987, Published online: 29 May 2007

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (11)

John Powell Taylor, Shanna’Le Juniper Ashworth, Sarah Petrovich & Casey A. Young. (2017) Inducing an availability heuristic on the Wason selection task overrides the matching bias. Journal of Cognitive Psychology 29:4, pages 508-519.
Read now
Aaron Robb. (2006) Strategies to Address Clinical Bias in the Child Custody Evaluation Process. Journal of Child Custody 3:2, pages 45-69.
Read now
DavidA. Martindale. (2005) Confirmatory Bias and Confirmatory Distortion. Journal of Child Custody 2:1-2, pages 31-48.
Read now
Masasi Hattori. (2002) A quantitative model of optimal data selection in Wason's selection task. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55:4, pages 1241-1272.
Read now
Keith E. Stanovich & Richard F. West. (1998) Cognitive Ability and Variation in Selection Task Performance. Thinking & Reasoning 4:3, pages 193-230.
Read now
DavidW. Green. (1995) Externalization, Counter-examples, and the Abstract Selection Task. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 48:2, pages 424-446.
Read now
DavidW. Green & Rodney Larking. (1995) The locus of facilitation in the abstract selection task. Thinking & Reasoning 1:2, pages 183-199.
Read now
RichardD. Platt & RichardA. Griggs. (1993) Facilitation in the abstract selection task: The effects of attentional and instructional factors. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 46:4, pages 591-613.
Read now
SherriL. Jackson & RichardA. Griggs. (1990) The elusive pragmatic reasoning schemas effect. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 42:2, pages 353-373.
Read now
RichardA. Griggs. (1989) To “see” or not to “see”: That is the selection task. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 41:3, pages 517-529.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (66)

Andrew Meyer & Shane Frederick. (2023) The formation and revision of intuitions. Cognition 240, pages 105380.
Crossref
Yiwen Zhang, Siyu Li, Yikang Zhang, Shumpei Haginoya & Pekka Olavi Santtila. (2023) Effects of combining feedback and hypothesis-testing on the quality of simulated child sexual abuse interviews with avatars among Chinese university students. PLOS ONE 18:4, pages e0285114.
Crossref
Mandeep K. Dhami, Ian K. Belton & David R. Mandel. (2019) The “analysis of competing hypotheses” in intelligence analysis. Applied Cognitive Psychology 33:6, pages 1080-1090.
Crossref
Douglas B. Markant, Burr SettlesTodd M. Gureckis. (2015) Self‐Directed Learning Favors Local, Rather Than Global, Uncertainty. Cognitive Science 40:1, pages 100-120.
Crossref
Dario N. Rodriguez & Melissa A. Berry. (2014) The effect of line-up administrator blindness on the recording of eyewitness identification decisions. Legal and Criminological Psychology 19:1, pages 69-79.
Crossref
. 2013. Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning. Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning 27 50 .
. 2013. Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning. Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning 183 198 .
. 2013. Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning. Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning 157 182 .
David A. Martindale & Jonathan W. Gould. 2012. Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition. Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition.
Yoram Bar-Tal. (2010) When the Need for Cognitive Structure does not Cause Heuristic Thinking: The Moderating Effect of the Perceived Ability to Achieve Cognitive Structure. Psychology 01:02, pages 96-105.
Crossref
Yoram Bar-Tal & Maria Jarymowicz. (2010) The Effect of Gender on Cognitive Structuring: Who are More Biased, Men or Women?. Psychology 01:02, pages 80-87.
Crossref
Mike Oaksford & Nick Chater. (2003) Optimal data selection: Revision, review, and reevaluation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 10:2, pages 289-318.
Crossref
. 2012. Heuristics and Biases. Heuristics and Biases.
Margarita Limón. (2001) On the cognitive conflict as an instructional strategy for conceptual change: a critical appraisal. Learning and Instruction 11:4-5, pages 357-380.
Crossref
Valerie A. Thompson. (2000) The task-specific nature of domain-general reasoning. Cognition 76:3, pages 209-268.
Crossref
Gretchen B. Chapman & Eric J. Johnson. (1999) Anchoring, Activation, and the Construction of Values. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 79:2, pages 115-153.
Crossref
M. Rabin & J. L. Schrag. (1999) First Impressions Matter: A Model of Confirmatory Bias. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 114:1, pages 37-82.
Crossref
Raymond S. Nickerson. (1998) Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises. Review of General Psychology 2:2, pages 175-220.
Crossref
E.Michael Bamber, Robert J. Ramsay & Richard M. Tubbs. (1997) An examination of the descriptive validity of the belief-adjustment model and alternative attitudes to evidence in auditing. Accounting, Organizations and Society 22:3-4, pages 249-268.
Crossref
Nili Tabak, Yoram Bar-Tal & Jiska Cohen-Mansfield. (2016) Clinical Decision Making of Experienced and Novice Nurses. Western Journal of Nursing Research 18:5, pages 534-547.
Crossref
Steven Salterio. (1996) The effects of precedents and client position on auditors' financial accounting policy judgment. Accounting, Organizations and Society 21:5, pages 467-486.
Crossref
Keith E. Stanovich. (2016) Reconceptualizing Intelligence: Dysrationalia as an Intuition Pump. Educational Researcher 23:4, pages 11-21.
Crossref
Keith E. Stanovich. (2016) It's Practical to Be Rational. Journal of Learning Disabilities 26:8, pages 524-532.
Crossref
Keith E. Stanovich. (2016) Dysrationalia. Journal of Learning Disabilities 26:8, pages 501-515.
Crossref
Philip N. Johnson-Laird & Ruth M. J. Byrne. (2010) Mental models or formal rules?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 368-380.
Crossref
N. E. Wetherick. (2010) More models just means more difficulty. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 367-368.
Crossref
Ryan D. Tweney. (2010) Scientific thinking and mental models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 366-367.
Crossref
Rosemary J. Stevenson. (2010) Models, rules and expertise. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 366-366.
Crossref
Keith Stenning & Jon Oberlander. (2010) Nonsentential representation and nonformality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 365-366.
Crossref
Leah Savion. (2010) Unjustified presuppositions of competence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 364-365.
Crossref
Paul Pollard. (2010) There is no need for (even fully fleshed out) mental models to map onto formal logic. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 363-364.
Crossref
Thad A. Polk. (2010) Mental models, more or less. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 362-363.
Crossref
David Over. (2010) Deduction and degrees of belief. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 361-362.
Crossref
Mike Oaksford. (2010) Mental models and the tractability of everyday reasoning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 360-361.
Crossref
Stephen E. Newstead. (2010) Do mental models provide an adequate account of syllogistic reasoning performance?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 359-360.
Crossref
Alice G. B. ter Meulen. (2010) Situation theory and mental models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 358-359.
Crossref
K. I. Manktelow. (2010) Models for deontic deduction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 357-357.
Crossref
Bruce J. MacLennan. (2010) Visualizing the possibilities. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 356-357.
Crossref
Abraham S. Luchins & Edith H. Luchins. (2010) Gestalt theory, formal models and mathematical modeling. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 355-356.
Crossref
Paolo Legrenzi & Maria Sonino. (2010) The content of mental models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 354-355.
Crossref
Robert Inder. (2010) Architecture and algorithms: Power sharing for mental models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 354-354.
Crossref
Wilfrid Hodges. (2010) The logical content of theories of deduction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 353-354.
Crossref
D. W. Green. (2010) Mental models: Rationality, representation and process. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 352-353.
Crossref
Richard E. Grandy. (2010) Rule systems are not dead: Existential quantifiers are harder. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 351-352.
Crossref
Alan Garnham. (2010) A number of questions about a question of number. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 350-351.
Crossref
Kathleen M. Galotti & Lloyd K. Komatsu. (2010) Why study deduction?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 350-350.
Crossref
Alec Fisher. (2010) Mental models and informal logic. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 349-349.
Crossref
Samuel Fillenbaum. (2010) Deductive reasoning: What are taken to be the premises and how are they interpreted?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 348-349.
Crossref
James H. Fetzer. (2010) The argument for mental models is unsound. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 347-348.
Crossref
Rachel Joffe Falmagne. (2010) On modes of explanation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 346-347.
Crossref
Jonathan St. B. T. Evans. (2010) On rules, models and understanding. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 345-346.
Crossref
Pascal Engel. (2010) Mental-model theory and rationality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 345-345.
Crossref
Hank Davis. (2010) Deduction by children and animals: Does it follow the Johnson-Laird & Byrne model?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 344-344.
Crossref
James M. Crawford. (2010) Tractability considerations in deduction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 343-343.
Crossref
L. Jonathan Cohen. (2010) Some difficulties about deduction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 341-342.
Crossref
Nick Chater. (2010) Mental models and nonmonotonic reasoning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 340-341.
Crossref
Alan Bundy. (2010) “Semantic procedure” is an oxymoron. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 339-340.
Crossref
Martin D. S. Braine. (2010) Mental models cannot exclude mental logic and make little sense without it. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 338-339.
Crossref
Jon Barwise. (2010) Everyday reasoning and logical inference. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 337-338.
Crossref
Jonathan Baron. (2010) Deduction as an example of thinking. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 336-337.
Crossref
Bruno G. Bara. (2010) Toward a developmental theory of mental models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 336-336.
Crossref
Kent Bach. (2010) Getting down to cases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 334-336.
Crossref
Avery D. Andrews. (2010) Mental models and tableau logic. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 334-334.
Crossref
Philip N. Johnson-Laird & Ruth M. J. Byrne. (2010) Précis of Deduction . Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:2, pages 323-333.
Crossref
Ben R. Slugoski, Heather A. Shields & Kim A. Dawson. (2016) Relation of Conditional Reasoning to Heuristic Processing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19:2, pages 158-166.
Crossref
Julie Richardson Agnew, Hazel Bateman, Christine Eckert, Fedor Iskhakov, Jordan J. Louviere & Susan Thorp. (2018) Learning and Confirmation Bias: Measuring the Impact of First Impressions and Ambiguous Signals. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.