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Original Articles

Design and Performance of a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor

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Pages 969-976 | Received 29 Nov 2005, Accepted 20 Mar 2006, Published online: 01 Feb 2007

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E. J. T. Levin, G. R. McMeeking, P. J. DeMott, C. S. McCluskey, C. E. Stockwell, R. J. Yokelson & S. M. Kreidenweis. (2014) A New Method to Determine the Number Concentrations of Refractory Black Carbon Ice Nucleating Particles. Aerosol Science and Technology 48:12, pages 1264-1275.
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MikhailS. Pekour & DanielJ. Cziczo. (2011) Wake Capture, Particle Breakup, and Other Artifacts Associated with Counterflow Virtual Impaction. Aerosol Science and Technology 45:6, pages 758-764.
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Gourihar Kulkarni, Mikhail Pekour, Armin Afchine, DanielM. Murphy & DanielJ. Cziczo. (2011) Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Performance Characteristics of a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor. Aerosol Science and Technology 45:3, pages 382-392.
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StéphaneJ. Gallavardin, KarlD. Froyd, Ulrike Lohmann, Ottmar Moehler, DanielM. Murphy & DanielJ. Cziczo. (2008) Single Particle Laser Mass Spectrometry Applied to Differential Ice Nucleation Experiments at the AIDA Chamber. Aerosol Science and Technology 42:9, pages 773-791.
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Articles from other publishers (31)

Liansi Sun, Yin Cheng, Jiaoshi Zhang, Dexia Wu, Jie Wang, Yixin Yang & Huaqiao Gui. (2024) Development of a multi-stage fog droplet screening system based on the virtual impact principle. Review of Scientific Instruments 95:3.
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Kunfeng Gao & Zamin A. Kanji. (2022) Impacts of Cloud‐Processing on Ice Nucleation of Soot Particles Internally Mixed With Sulfate and Organics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127:22.
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Kunfeng Gao & Zamin A. Kanji. (2022) Impacts of Simulated Contrail Processing and Organic Content Change on the Ice Nucleation of Soot Particles. Geophysical Research Letters 49:16.
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Pan Wang, Shouqi Yuan, Paul Kwabena Oppong & Ning Yang. (2022) A sheathed virtual impactor – Microseparator for improved separation of sub- and supercritical sized particles. Journal of Aerosol Science 164, pages 105999.
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Susannah M. Burrows, Christina S. McCluskey, Gavin Cornwell, Isabelle Steinke, Kai Zhang, Bin Zhao, Maria Zawadowicz, Aishwarya Raman, Gourihar Kulkarni, Swarup China, Alla Zelenyuk & Paul J. DeMott. (2022) Ice‐Nucleating Particles That Impact Clouds and Climate: Observational and Modeling Research Needs. Reviews of Geophysics 60:2.
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Libby Koolik, Michael Roesch, Carmen Dameto de Espana, Christopher Nathan Rapp, Lesly J. Franco Deloya, Chuanyang Shen, A. Gannet Hallar, Ian B. McCubbin & Daniel J. Cziczo. (2022) A phase separation inlet for droplets, ice residuals, and interstitial aerosol particles. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15:10, pages 3213-3222.
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Julika Fritz, Heta Meyer, Weiti Tseng, Neng-Huei Lin & Otto Klemm. (2021) Covariation of droplet size distribution and air humidity in fog: A methodological approach. Journal of Hydrology 594, pages 125934.
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Christopher Pöhlker, Karsten Baumann & Gerhard Lammel. 2021. Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements. Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements 565 608 .
Hans-Christian Clemen, Johannes Schneider, Thomas Klimach, Frank Helleis, Franziska Köllner, Andreas Hünig, Florian Rubach, Stephan Mertes, Heike Wex, Frank Stratmann, André Welti, Rebecca Kohl, Fabian Frank & Stephan Borrmann. (2020) Optimizing the detection, ablation, and ion extraction efficiency of a single-particle laser ablation mass spectrometer for application in environments with low aerosol particle concentrations. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13:11, pages 5923-5953.
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Fabian Mahrt, Kevin Kilchhofer, Claudia Marcolli, Philippe Grönquist, Robert O. David, Michael Rösch, Ulrike Lohmann & Zamin A. Kanji. (2020) The Impact of Cloud Processing on the Ice Nucleation Abilities of Soot Particles at Cirrus Temperatures. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 125:3.
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Janarjan Bhandari, Swarup China, Kamal Kant Chandrakar, Greg Kinney, Will Cantrell, Raymond A. Shaw, Lynn R. Mazzoleni, Giulia Girotto, Noopur Sharma, Kyle Gorkowski, Stefania Gilardoni, Stefano Decesari, Maria Cristina Facchini, Nicola Zanca, Giulia Pavese, Francesco Esposito, Manvendra K. Dubey, Allison C. Aiken, Rajan K. Chakrabarty, Hans Moosmüller, Timothy B. Onasch, Rahul A. Zaveri, Barbara V. Scarnato, Paulo Fialho & Claudio Mazzoleni. (2019) Extensive Soot Compaction by Cloud Processing from Laboratory and Field Observations. Scientific Reports 9:1.
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Ghislain Motos, Julia Schmale, Joel C. Corbin, Rob. L. Modini, Nadine Karlen, Michele Bertò, Urs Baltensperger & Martin Gysel-Beer. (2019) Cloud droplet activation properties and scavenged fraction of black carbon in liquid-phase clouds at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19:6, pages 3833-3855.
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Kaitlyn J. Suski, David M. Bell, Naruki Hiranuma, Ottmar Möhler, Dan Imre & Alla Zelenyuk. (2018) Activation of intact bacteria and bacterial fragments mixed with agar as cloud droplets and ice crystals in cloud chamber experiments. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18:23, pages 17497-17513.
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Gourihar Kulkarni. (2018) Immersion Freezing of Total Ambient Aerosols and Ice Residuals. Atmosphere 9:2, pages 55.
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K. K. Chandrakar, W. Cantrell, D. Ciochetto, S. Karki, G. Kinney & R. A. Shaw. (2017) Aerosol removal and cloud collapse accelerated by supersaturation fluctuations in turbulence. Geophysical Research Letters 44:9, pages 4359-4367.
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Daniel J. Cziczo, Luis Ladino, Yvonne Boose, Zamin A. Kanji, Piotr Kupiszewski, Sara Lance, Stephan Mertes & Heike Wex. (2017) Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles and Ice Residuals. Meteorological Monographs 58, pages 8.1-8.13.
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Naruki Hiranuma, Ottmar Möhler, Gourihar Kulkarni, Martin Schnaiter, Steffen Vogt, Paul Vochezer, Emma Järvinen, Robert Wagner, David M. Bell, Jacqueline Wilson, Alla Zelenyuk & Daniel J. Cziczo. (2016) Development and characterization of an ice-selecting pumped counterflow virtual impactor (IS-PCVI) to study ice crystal residuals. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9:8, pages 3817-3836.
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Yvonne Boose, Berko Sierau, M. Isabel García, Sergio Rodríguez, Andrés Alastuey, Claudia Linke, Martin Schnaiter, Piotr Kupiszewski, Zamin A. Kanji & Ulrike Lohmann. (2016) Ice nucleating particles in the Saharan Air Layer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16:14, pages 9067-9087.
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P. Kupiszewski, E. Weingartner, P. Vochezer, M. Schnaiter, A. Bigi, M. Gysel, B. Rosati, E. Toprak, S. Mertes & U. Baltensperger. (2015) The Ice Selective Inlet: a novel technique for exclusive extraction of pristine ice crystals in mixed-phase clouds. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8:8, pages 3087-3106.
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Daniel J. Cziczo & Karl D. Froyd. (2014) Sampling the composition of cirrus ice residuals. Atmospheric Research 142, pages 15-31.
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. 2013. Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research. Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research 551 640 .
A. L. Vogel, M. Äijälä, M. Brüggemann, M. Ehn, H. Junninen, T. Petäjä, D. R. Worsnop, M. Kulmala, J. Williams & T. Hoffmann. (2013) Online atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (APCI-IT-MS<sup>n</sup>) for measuring organic acids in concentrated bulk aerosol – a laboratory and field study. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6:2, pages 431-443.
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J.C. Corbin, P.J.G. Rehbein, G.J. Evans & J.P.D. Abbatt. (2012) Combustion particles as ice nuclei in an urban environment: Evidence from single-particle mass spectrometry. Atmospheric Environment 51, pages 286-292.
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N. Hiranuma, M. Kohn, M. S. Pekour, D. A. Nelson, J. E. Shilling & D. J. Cziczo. (2011) Droplet activation, separation, and compositional analysis: laboratory studies and atmospheric measurements. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4:10, pages 2333-2343.
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I. Crawford, O. Möhler, M. Schnaiter, H. Saathoff, D. Liu, G. McMeeking, C. Linke, M. Flynn, K. N. Bower, P. J. Connolly, M. W. Gallagher & H. Coe. (2011) Studies of propane flame soot acting as heterogeneous ice nuclei in conjunction with single particle soot photometer measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11:18, pages 9549-9561.
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J. G. Slowik, D. J. Cziczo & J. P. D. Abbatt. (2011) Analysis of cloud condensation nuclei composition and growth kinetics using a pumped counterflow virtual impactor and aerosol mass spectrometer. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4:8, pages 1677-1688.
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Seung-Won Kim. (2010) Critical Review on Evaporative Loss of Semivolatile Aerosols during Sampling. Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences 36:3, pages 171-181.
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Daniel J Cziczo, Karl D Froyd, Stephane J Gallavardin, Ottmar Moehler, Stefan Benz, Harald Saathoff & Daniel M Murphy. (2009) Deactivation of ice nuclei due to atmospherically relevant surface coatings. Environmental Research Letters 4:4, pages 044013.
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T. H. Bertram, J. A. Thornton & T. P. Riedel. (2009) An experimental technique for the direct measurement of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> reactivity on ambient particles. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2:1, pages 231-242.
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. (2009) A New Semivolatile Aerosol Dichotomous Sampler. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
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Mathews S. Richardson, Paul J. DeMott, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Daniel J. Cziczo, Edward J. Dunlea, Jose L. Jimenez, David S. Thomson, Lowell L. Ashbaugh, Randolph D. Borys, Douglas L. Westphal, Gary S. Casuccio & Traci L. Lersch. (2007) Measurements of heterogeneous ice nuclei in the western United States in springtime and their relation to aerosol characteristics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 112:D2.
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