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Aerosol Science and Technology Volume 55, 2021 - Issue 12
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Original Articles

Reducing COVID-19 airborne transmission risks on public transportation buses: an empirical study on aerosol dispersion and control

Nathan J. Edwardsa Systems Engineering Innovation Center, The MITRE Corporation, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USACorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-3073View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Rebecca Widrickb Space Division, The MITRE Corporation, Bedford, Massachuetts, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-3411View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Justin Wilmesc Space Division, The MITRE Corporation, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-9040View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Ben Breischa Systems Engineering Innovation Center, The MITRE Corporation, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-8378View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Mike Gerschefsked Integrated All-Domain Effects Division, The MITRE Corporation, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-6436View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Jon Sullivane Mechanical & Reliable Systems Department, The MITRE Corporation, Bedford, Massachuetts, USAView further author information
,
Richard Potemberf Systems Engineering Innovation Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2683-0219View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Angelica Espinoza-Calviof Systems Engineering Innovation Center, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia, USAView further author information
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Pages 1378-1397 | Received 19 Feb 2021, Accepted 19 Jul 2021, Published online: 01 Sep 2021

Citations (23)

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Zach Danial, Nathan Edwards, John James, Paula Mahoney, Casey Corrado & Brian Savage. Application of a composite, multi-scale COVID-19 mitigation framework: US border use-case. Health Systems 0:0, pages 1-19.
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Articles from other publishers (22)

John Ogundiran, Jean-Paul Nyembwe, Anabela Ribeiro & Manuel da Silva. (2024) A Field Survey on Indoor Climate in Land Transport Cabins of Buses and Trains. Atmosphere 15:5, pages 589.
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Bryan E. Cummings, Charles N. Haas, L. James Lo, Christopher M. Sales, James Fox & Michael S. Waring. (2024) Airborne disease transmission risks on public transit buses: Impacts of ridership, duration, and mechanical filtration using a relative risk metric. Building and Environment 255, pages 111303.
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Alexandru Marian Constantin, Kukuh Noertjojo, Isolde Sommer, Ana Beatriz Pizarro, Emma Persad, Solange Durao, Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit, Damien M McElvenny, Sarah Rhodes, Craig Martin, Olivia Sampson, Karsten Juhl Jørgensen & Matteo Bruschettini. (2024) Workplace interventions to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside of healthcare settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2024:4.
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Yu Zhao, Chenmin Gu, Xiaocheng Song, Zhiwen Luo & Jing Wang. (2024) Characteristics of human-related droplet dynamic patterns inside urban bus with numerical simulation approach: Impacts of solar radiation, ventilation modes and humidity. Atmospheric Pollution Research 15:3, pages 102006.
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Qiqi Luo, Wenbing Liu, Jiayuan Liao, Zhongli Gu, Xiaodan Fan, Zhiwen Luo, Xuelin Zhang, Jian Hang & Cuiyun Ou. (2023) COVID-19 transmission and control in land public transport: A literature review. Fundamental Research.
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Sachraa G. Borjigin, Qian He & Deb A. Niemeier. (2023) COVID-19 transmission in U.S. transit buses: A scenario-based approach with agent-based simulation modeling (ABSM). Communications in Transportation Research 3, pages 100090.
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Yu Zhao, Chenmin Gu & Xiaocheng Song. (2023) Semi-empirical modeling of CO2 and particles in moving buses. Urban Climate 52, pages 101706.
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Qiqi Luo, Xia Yang, Jian Hang, Xiaodan Fan, Zhiwen Luo, Zhongli Gu & Cuiyun Ou. (2023) Influence of natural ventilation design on the dispersion of pathogen-laden droplets in a coach bus. Science of The Total Environment 885, pages 163827.
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Yuxi Zhang, Yanming Liu, Shanshan Li, Rongbin Xu, Pei Yu, Christian Ramos, Amir Ebrahimifakhar & Yuming Guo. (2023) Efficiency of portable air purification on public buses: A pilot study. Environmental Pollution 329, pages 121696.
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Yan Huang, Zongzhi Li, Shengrui Zhang, Bei Zhou & Lei Zhang. (2023) Optimal headway-based bus dispatching strategy under the influence of epidemic outbreaks. Sustainable Cities and Society 92, pages 104468.
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K. Glenn, J. He, R. Rochlin, S. Teng, J. G. Hecker & I. Novosselov. (2023) Assessment of aerosol persistence in ICUs via low-cost sensor network and zonal models. Scientific Reports 13:1.
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Yu Zhao, Chenmin Gu & Xiaocheng Song. (2023) Evaluation of indoor environmental quality, personal cumulative exposure dose, and aerosol transmission risk levels inside urban buses in Dalian, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30:19, pages 55278-55297.
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Qun Zhao, Yi Qi & Mustafa M.Wali. (2023) A method for assessing the COVID-19 infection risk of riding public transit. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 12:1, pages 301-314.
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Naohide Shinohara, Masayuki Ogata, Hoon Kim, Naoki Kagi, Koichi Tatsu, Fuminori Inui & Wataru Naito. (2023) Evaluation of shields and ventilation as a countermeasure to protect bus drivers from infection. Environmental Research 216, pages 114603.
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Santiago F. Corzo, Damian E. Ramajo & Sergio R. Idelsohn. (2022) Study of ventilation and virus propagation in an urban bus induced by the HVAC and by opening of windows. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 401, pages 115387.
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Jeffrey D Sachs, Salim S Abdool Karim, Lara Aknin, Joseph Allen, Kirsten Brosbøl, Francesca Colombo, Gabriela Cuevas Barron, María Fernanda Espinosa, Vitor Gaspar, Alejandro Gaviria, Andy Haines, Peter J Hotez, Phoebe Koundouri, Felipe Larraín Bascuñán, Jong-Koo Lee, Muhammad Ali Pate, Gabriela Ramos, K Srinath Reddy, Ismail Serageldin, John Thwaites, Vaira Vike-Freiberga, Chen Wang, Miriam Khamadi Were, Lan Xue, Chandrika Bahadur, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Chris Bullen, George Laryea-Adjei, Yanis Ben Amor, Ozge Karadag, Guillaume Lafortune, Emma Torres, Lauren Barredo, Juliana G E Bartels, Neena Joshi, Margaret Hellard, Uyen Kim Huynh, Shweta Khandelwal, Jeffrey V Lazarus & Susan Michie. (2022) The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet 400:10359, pages 1224-1280.
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Yafeng Yang, Yiping Wang, Chuqi Su, Xiaohong Yuan, Xun Liu & Zhixin Chen. (2022) A rapid method for prediction of airborne disease infection risks in an intercity bus. Physics of Fluids 34:8.
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Marta Baselga, Juan J. Alba & Alberto J. Schuhmacher. (2022) The Control of Metabolic CO2 in Public Transport as a Strategy to Reduce the Transmission of Respiratory Infectious Diseases. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:11, pages 6605.
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Ana Beatriz Pizarro, Emma Persad, Solange Durao, Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit, Jean S Engela-Volker, Damien McElvenny, Sarah Rhodes, Katie Stocking, Tony Fletcher, Craig Martin, Kukuh Noertjojo, Olivia Sampson, Jos H Verbeek, Karsten Juhl Jørgensen & Matteo Bruschettini. (2022) Workplace interventions to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside of healthcare settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2022:5.
Crossref
Rowan Watson, Morwenna Oldfield, Jack A. Bryant, Lily Riordan, Harriet J. Hill, Julie A. Watts, Morgan R. Alexander, Michael J. Cox, Zania Stamataki, David J. Scurr & Felicity de Cogan. (2022) Efficacy of antimicrobial and anti-viral coated air filters to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens. Scientific Reports 12:1.
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Matthew Goodson, Jeffrey Feaster, Andy Jones, Gregory McGowan, Lucas Agricola, William Timms & Mesbah Uddin. (2022) Modeling Transport of SARS-CoV-2 Inside a Charlotte Area Transit System (CATS) Bus. Fluids 7:2, pages 80.
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Elmar Bourdon, Thomas Schaefer, Maximilian Kittel, Matthias Raedle & Alexandra Heininger. (2021) Effectiveness of Safety Interventions in Fire Engines to Reduce Potential Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Fire 4:4, pages 98.
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