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A. Miuli, G. Stigliano, A. Lalli, M. Coladonato, L. D’Angelo, F. Esposito, C. Cappello, M. Pettorruso, G. Martinotti, F Schifano & M. Di Giannantonio. (2020) “Purple Drank” (Codeine and Promethazine Cough Syrup): A Systematic Review of a Social Phenomenon with Medical Implications. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 52:5, pages 453-462.
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Ronald Peters, GeorgeS. Yacoubian, Warren Rhodes, KarryJ. Forsythe, KamekoS. Bowers, ValenciaM. Eulian, ClemmieA. Mangum, JamieD. O'Neal, Queen Martin & E.
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RonaldJ. Peters, Mark Williams, MichaelW. Ross, John Atkinson & GeorgeS. Yacoubian. (2007) Codeine Cough Syrup Use Among African-American Crack Cocaine Users. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 39:1, pages 97-102.
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Ronald J. Peters$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Charles Amos$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Angela Meshack, Charles Savage, Michael M. Sinclair, Lena T. Williams & Christine Markham. (2007) Codeine Cough Syrup Use among Sexually Active, African-American High School Youths: Why Southern Males Are Down to Have Sex. American Journal on Addictions 16:2, pages 144-145.
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Ruey-Shin Juang, Chien-Te Hsieh & Ting-An Lin. (2024) Highly sensitive detection of promethazine hydrochloride in water and human urine using flower-like ZnO nanorods supported by GO sheets and Pt nanoparticles. Journal of Molecular Liquids 399, pages 124460.
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Orrin D. Ware, Albert Garcia-Romeu, C. Austin Zamarripa, Tamera Hughes, Leeza Wager & Tory Spindle. (2024) Codeine and promethazine: Exploratory study on “lean” or “sizzurp” using national survey data and an online forum. PLOS ONE 19:3, pages e0301024.
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Emilie Jouanjus, Valérie Gibaja, Florence Fabre & Maryse Lapeyre‐Mestre. (2021) Medical prescription forms of opioid cough suppressants falsified by the patients before and after they switched from over‐the‐counter to prescription‐only in France. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 88:4, pages 1713-1721.
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Wolfgang Rosenberger, Jörg Teske, Michael Klintschar & Marek Dziadosz. (2021) Detection of pharmaceuticals in “dirty sprite” using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Drug Testing and Analysis 14:3, pages 539-544.
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Stefania Chiappini, Fabrizio Schifano, John Martin Corkery & Amira Guirguis. (2021) Beyond the ‘purple drank’: Study of promethazine abuse according to the European Medicines Agency adverse drug reaction reports. Journal of Psychopharmacology 35:6, pages 681-692.
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Fabrizio Schifano, Stefania Chiappini, Andrea Miuli, Alessio Mosca, Maria Chiara Santovito, John M. Corkery, Amira Guirguis, Mauro Pettorruso, Massimo Di Giannantonio & Giovanni Martinotti. (2021) Focus on Over-the-Counter Drugs' Misuse: A Systematic Review on Antihistamines, Cough Medicines, and Decongestants. Frontiers in Psychiatry 12.
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Danelle Stevens‐Watkins. (2020) Opioid‐related overdose deaths among African Americans: Implications for research, practice and policy. Drug and Alcohol Review 39:7, pages 857-861.
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Joseph J. Palamar. (2019) Use of “Lean” Among Electronic Dance Music Party Attendees. The American Journal on Addictions 28:5, pages 347-352.
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M. C. Van Hout, A. Horan, K. Santlal, E. Rich & M. Bergin. (2015) ‘Codeine is my companion’: misuse and dependence on codeine containing medicines in Ireland. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 35:4, pages 275-288.
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Shann Hulme, David Bright & Suzanne Nielsen. (2018) The source and diversion of pharmaceutical drugs for non-medical use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 186, pages 242-256.
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Roy Cherian, Marisa Westbrook, Danielle Ramo & Urmimala Sarkar. (2018) Representations of Codeine Misuse on Instagram: Content Analysis. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 4:1, pages e22.
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