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Original Articles

An Exploration of the History and Controversies Surrounding MDMA and MDA

Pages 213-221 | Published online: 06 Sep 2011

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (10)

Matthew J. Baggott, Kathleen J. Garrison, Jeremy R. Coyle, Gantt P. Galloway, Allan J. Barnes, Marilyn A. Huestis & John E. Mendelson. (2019) Effects of the Psychedelic Amphetamine MDA (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine) in Healthy Volunteers. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 51:2, pages 108-117.
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Torsten Passie & Udo Benzenhöfer. (2016) The History of MDMA as an Underground Drug in the United States, 1960–1979. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 48:2, pages 67-75.
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Jerrold S Meyer. (2013) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 4, pages 83-99.
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I. B. Anderson, S. Y. Kim-Katz, J. E. Dyer & P. D. Blanc. (2010) The impact of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) legal restrictions on patterns of use: Results from an International Survey. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 17:5, pages 455-469.
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Stella Pereira De Almeida, Miriam Garcia-Mijares & Maria Teresa Araujo Silva. (2009) Patterns of Ecstasy Use and Associated Harm: Results of a Brazilian Online Survey. Substance Use & Misuse 44:14, pages 2014-2027.
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Philip R. Kavanaugh & Tammy L. Anderson. (2008) Solidarity and Drug Use in The Electronic Dance Music Scene. The Sociological Quarterly 49:1, pages 181-208.
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Jane Carlisle Maxwell. (2005) Party Drugs: Properties, Prevalence, Patterns, and Problems. Substance Use & Misuse 40:9-10, pages 1203-1240.
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GregoryN. Hayner. (2002) MDMA Misrepresentation: An Unresolved Problem for Ecstasy Users. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 34:2, pages 195-198.
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Articles from other publishers (34)

Kainat Riaz, Sejal Suneel, Mohammad Hamza Bin Abdul Malik, Tooba Kashif, Irfan Ullah, Abdul Waris, Marco Di Nicola, Marianna Mazza, Gabriele Sani, Giovanni Martinotti & Domenico De Berardis. (2023) MDMA-Based Psychotherapy in Treatment-Resistant Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Brief Narrative Overview of Current Evidence. Diseases 11:4, pages 159.
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Katie D. Lewis, Glenn A. Pullella, Han Chern Loh, Brian W. Skelton, Gavin R. Flematti & Matthew J. Piggott. (2023) Synthesis of R- and S-MDMA via nucleophilic ring-opening of homochiral N-tosylaziridines. Australian Journal of Chemistry 76:5, pages 299-310.
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Rebecca Rigel Donald, Santosh Patel, Mariah Smith, Schuyler Clayton & Sudheer Potru. (2023) Common street drug names for the anesthesiologist and pain physician. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 48:7, pages 365-374.
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F. Dellanoce, Z. Dubus, M. Vidal, C. Vigourt & T. Rabeyron. (2023) Une nouvelle prise en charge innovante dans le traitement des troubles de stress post-traumatique : la thérapie assistée par MDMA, approche historique et analyse des protocoles actuels. Pratiques Psychologiques.
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Robin Van Echelpoel, Marc Parrilla, Nick Sleegers, Saranya Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, Alexander L.N. van Nuijs, Amorn Slosse, Filip Van Durme & Karolien De Wael. (2023) Validated portable device for the qualitative and quantitative electrochemical detection of MDMA ready for on-site use. Microchemical Journal 190, pages 108693.
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Pedro Mota, Joana Proença Becker & Manuel João Quartilho. (2022) Psicoterapia Assistida por MDMA: um Novo Paradigma no Tratamento da Perturbação de Stress Pós‐Traumático Resistente?. Revista Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental 8:4, pages 141-147.
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Yue Wang, Xinyan Teng, Jiaying Cao, Yilei Fan, Xinling Liu, Xiaoyu Guo, Yu Xu, Ying Wen & Haifeng Yang. (2022) Detection of 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine in Urine by Magnetically Improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing Strategy. Biosensors 12:9, pages 711.
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Sonja Lyubomirsky. (2022) Toward a New Science of Psychedelic Social Psychology: The Effects of MDMA (Ecstasy) on Social Connection. Perspectives on Psychological Science 17:5, pages 1234-1257.
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Marija Franka Žuljević, Marin Vidak, Jakša Vukojević, Darko Hren & Tina Poklepovic Pericic. (2022) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2022:7.
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Justin Cormick, James F. Carter, Timothy Currie, Carney Matheson & Sarah L. Cresswell. (2022) Isotope fractionation during the synthesis of MDMA.HCl from helional. Forensic Chemistry 28, pages 100406.
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Alessio Fiorentini, Filippo Cantù, Camilla Crisanti, Guido Cereda, Lucio Oldani & Paolo Brambilla. (2021) Substance-Induced Psychoses: An Updated Literature Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry 12.
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Robin E. Ford, Cameo Lyn West, Alicia McGhee & Rebecca Lyn LaLonde. 2021. International Ethics in Chemistry: Developing Common Values across Cultures. International Ethics in Chemistry: Developing Common Values across Cultures 41 61 .
J. Hena Hussain, Nicolas Gilbert, Andrew Costello, Christopher J. Schofield, E. Kate Kemsley, Oliver B. Sutcliffe & Ryan E. Mewis. (2020) Quantification of MDMA in seized tablets using benchtop 1H NMR spectroscopy in the absence of internal standards. Forensic Chemistry 20, pages 100263.
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Katie Almond & Robert Allan. (2019) Incorporating MDMA as an Adjunct in Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy With Clients Impacted by Trauma or PTSD. The Family Journal 27:3, pages 293-299.
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Lee E. Dunlap, Anne M. Andrews & David E. Olson. (2018) Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 9:10, pages 2408-2427.
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Sean B. Dolan, Zhenglan Chen, Renqi Huang & Michael B. Gatch. (2018) “Ecstasy” to addiction: Mechanisms and reinforcing effects of three synthetic cathinone analogs of MDMA. Neuropharmacology 133, pages 171-180.
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Sofia Laguna. (2018) Constructing Drug Using Victims. Contemporary Drug Problems 45:1, pages 67-81.
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Beatriz Lozano-Torres, Lluís Pascual, Andrea Bernardos, María D. Marcos, Jan O. Jeppesen, Yolanda Salinas, Ramón Martínez-Máñez & Félix Sancenón. (2017) Pseudorotaxane capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) detection in water. Chemical Communications 53:25, pages 3559-3562.
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Jakob A. Shimshoni, Ilan Winkler, Ezekiel Golan & David Nutt. (2016) Neurochemical binding profiles of novel indole and benzofuran MDMA analogues. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 390:1, pages 15-24.
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Loanda R. Cumba, Jamie P. Smith, Khaled Y. Zuway, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, Devaney R. do Carmo & Craig E. Banks. (2016) Forensic electrochemistry: simultaneous voltammetric detection of MDMA and its fatal counterpart “Dr Death” (PMA). Analytical Methods 8:1, pages 142-152.
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Lauren E. Connor, Amit Delori, Ian B. Hutchison, Niamh Nic Daeid, Oliver B. Sutcliffe & Iain D. H. Oswald. (2015) The ecstasy and the agony; compression studies of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 71:1, pages 3-9.
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Carolyn Coulson & Jonathan P. Caulkins. (2012) Scheduling of newly emerging drugs: a critical review of decisions over 40 years. Addiction 107:4, pages 766-773.
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Donald G. BarcelouxNicholas A. Buckley. 2012. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse 126 155 .
Donald G. BarcelouxBrandon Wills & Timothy Erickson. 2012. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse 156 192 .
Louis A. Pagliaro & Ann Marie Pagliaro. 2011. Handbook of Child and Adolescent Drug and Substance Abuse. Handbook of Child and Adolescent Drug and Substance Abuse 371 453 .
Udo Benzenhöfer & Torsten Passie. (2010) Rediscovering MDMA (ecstasy): the role of the American chemist Alexander T. Shulgin. Addiction 105:8, pages 1355-1361.
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Frank Barile. 2010. Clinical Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology 183 202 .
João Paulo Capela, Helena Carmo, Fernando Remião, Maria Lourdes Bastos, Andreas Meisel & Félix Carvalho. (2009) Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Ecstasy-Induced Neurotoxicity: An Overview. Molecular Neurobiology 39:3, pages 210-271.
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Erin A Kolbrich, Robert S Goodwin, David A Gorelick, Robert J Hayes, Elliot A Stein & Marilyn A Huestis. (2008) Plasma Pharmacokinetics of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine After Controlled Oral Administration to Young Adults. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 30:3, pages 320-332.
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Brian J. Piper. (2007) A developmental comparison of the neurobehavioral effects of ecstasy (MDMA). Neurotoxicology and Teratology 29:2, pages 288-300.
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Cesar A. Romero, Diego A. Bustamante, Gerald Zapata-Torres, Michel Goiny, Bruce Cassels & Mario Herrera-Marschitz. (2006) Neurochemical and behavioural characterisation of alkoxyamphetamine derivatives in rats. Neurotoxicity Research 10:1, pages 11-22.
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U. Benzenhöfer & T. Passie. (2006) Zur Frühgeschichte von „Ecstasy“The early history of “Ecstasy”. Der Nervenarzt 77:1, pages 95-99.
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Manuel Tancer & Chris-Ellyn Johanson. (2003) Reinforcing, subjective, and physiological effects of MDMA in humans: a comparison with d-amphetamine and mCPP. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 72:1, pages 33-44.
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Amy K. Goodwin, Dori M. Pynnonen & Lisa E. Baker. (2003) Serotonergic–dopaminergic mediation of MDMA's discriminative stimulus effects in a three-choice discrimination. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 74:4, pages 987-995.
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