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Journal of Southern African Studies Volume 43, 2017 - Issue 5: Special JSAS Conference Issue: Southern Africa beyond the West: Political, Economic and Cultural Relationships with the BRICS countries
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The Archaeological Evidence for Southern African Trade and Contact

Copper, Trade and Polities: Exchange Networks in Southern Central Africa in the 2nd Millennium CE

Nicolas NikisFund for Scientific Research;CReA-Patrimoine, Université libre de Bruxelles;Heritage Studies Unit, Royal Museum for Central AfricaORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-809X
ORCID Icon &
Alexandre Livingstone SmithCReA-Patrimoine, Université libre de Bruxelles;Heritage Studies Unit, Royal Museum for Central Africa;GAES, University of the WitwatersrandORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-1129
ORCID Icon
Pages 895-911 | Published online: 03 Aug 2017

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Jay Stephens, David Killick, Shadreck Chirikure, Michael Bisson, Maggie Katongo & Fortune Munetsi. (2023) Constellations of practice in copper ingots from Zambia and northern Zimbabwe, cal. AD 500–1700. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 58:3, pages 393-433.
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Jay Stephens, David Killick & Shadreck Chirikure. (2023) Reconstructing the geological provenance and long-distance movement of rectangular, fishtail, and croisette copper ingots in Iron Age Zambia and Zimbabwe. PLOS ONE 18:3, pages e0282660.
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Braden W. Cordivari, Nicolas Nikis & Marcos Martinón-Torres. (2022) Smelting copper in decorated pottery: communities of practice in the Niari Basin, Republic of the Congo, fifteenth–seventeenth centuries CE. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 14:11.
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Raphael Deberdt. (2021) The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)’s response to artisanal cobalt mining: The Entreprise Générale du Cobalt (EGC). The Extractive Industries and Society 8:4, pages 101013.
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S. T. Goldstein, A. Crowther, E. R. Henry, A. Janzen, M. Katongo, S. Brown, J. Farr, C. Le Moyne, A. Picin, K. K. Richter & N. Boivin. (2021) Revisiting Kalundu Mound, Zambia: Implications for the Timing of Social and Subsistence Transitions in Iron Age Southern Africa. African Archaeological Review 38:4, pages 625-655.
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Nicolas Nikis. 2021. The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. The Encyclopedia of Ancient History 1 7 .
Marisa Ruiz-Gálvez, Alicia Perea, Carolina Gutiérrez, Hilario Madiquida, Jorge de Torres, Víctor M. Fernández & Cezar Mahumane. (2021) Quirimbas islands (Northern Mozambique) and the Swahili gold trade. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 38, pages 102985.
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Jay Stephens, David Killick, Edwin Wilmsen, James Denbow & Duncan Miller. (2020) Lead isotopes link copper artefacts from northwestern Botswana to the Copperbelt of Katanga Province, Congo. Journal of Archaeological Science 117, pages 105124.
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Armando Semo, Magdalena Gayà-Vidal, Cesar Fortes-Lima, Bérénice Alard, Sandra Oliveira, João Almeida, António Prista, Albertino Damasceno, Anne-Maria Fehn, Carina Schlebusch & Jorge Rocha. (2020) Along the Indian Ocean Coast: Genomic Variation in Mozambique Provides New Insights into the Bantu Expansion. Molecular Biology and Evolution 37:2, pages 406-416.
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Laurence Garenne-Marot. (2019) Typologie du mobilier métallique fondée sur les techniques de mise en formeTypology of metal objects based on shaping techniques. Application to burial 53 of the cemetery of Sanga (RDC). Afrique : Archeologie et Arts:15, pages 23-52.
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Frederik W. Rademakers, Nicolas Nikis, Thierry De Putter & Patrick Degryse. (2019) Provenancing Central African copper croisettes: A first chemical and lead isotope characterisation of currencies in Central and Southern Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 111, pages 105010.
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F. W. Rademakers, N. Nikis, T. De Putter & P. Degryse. (2018) Copper Production and Trade in the Niari Basin (Republic of Congo) During the 13th to 19th Centuries ce : Chemical and Lead Isotope Characterization . Archaeometry 60:6, pages 1251-1270.
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David Killick. (2017) Tracing Ingombe Ilede's trade connections. Antiquity 91:358, pages 1087-1088.
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