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Original Articles

Widespread Occurrence of the Pesticide Toxaphene in Canadian East Coast Marine Fish

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Pages 117-126 | Received 05 Jul 1982, Accepted 02 Sep 1982, Published online: 13 Dec 2006

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Xiaosong Chen & ClaytonJ. Clark$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2010) Enhancement of Toxaphene Solubility by Ternary Mixtures. Environmental Forensics 11:3, pages 193-200.
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U.S. Gill, H.M. Schwartz & B. Wheatley. (1995) Toxaphene (Polychlorinated Camphenes) Analysis in Human Blood. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 60:2-4, pages 153-161.
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Articles from other publishers (51)

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. (2005) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to camphechlor as undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA Journal 3:2, pages 179.
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Jacob de Boer & Robin J Law. (2003) Developments in the use of chromatographic techniques in marine laboratories for the determination of halogenated contaminants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Journal of Chromatography A 1000:1-2, pages 223-251.
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F Bryce, F Iverson, P Andrews, M Barker, W Cherry, R Mueller, O Pulido, S Hayward, S Fernie & D.L Arnold. (2001) Effects elicited by toxaphene in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis): a pilot study. Food and Chemical Toxicology 39:12, pages 1243-1251.
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H Tryphonas, D.L Arnold, F Bryce, J Huang, M Hodgen, D.T Ladouceur, S Fernie, M Lepage-Parenteau & S Hayward. (2001) Effects of toxaphene on the immune system of cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys. Food and Chemical Toxicology 39:9, pages 947-958.
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Hans-Rudolf Buser, Peter Haglund, Markus D Müller, Thomas Poiger & Christoffer Rappe. (2000) Discrimination and thermal degradation of toxaphene compounds in capillary gas chromatography when using split/splitless and on-column injection. Chemosphere 41:4, pages 473-479.
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Hans-Rudolf Buser, Peter Haglund, Markus D. Müller, Thomas Poiger & Christoffer Rappe. (2000) Rapid anaerobic degradation of toxaphene in sewage sludge. Chemosphere 40:9-11, pages 1213-1220.
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Ralf Looser, Oliver Froescheis, Gregor M Cailliet, Walter M Jarman & Karlheinz Ballschmiter. (2000) The deep-sea as a final global sink of semivolatile persistent organic pollutants? Part II: organochlorine pesticides in surface and deep-sea dwelling fish of the North and South Atlantic and the Monterey Bay Canyon (California). Chemosphere 40:6, pages 661-670.
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H Tryphonas, F Bryce, J Huang, F Lacroix, M Hodgen, D.T Ladouceur & S Hayward. (2000) Effects of toxaphene on the immune system of cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys. A pilot study. Food and Chemical Toxicology 38:1, pages 25-33.
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Harald J. Geygr, Andreas Kaune, Karl-Werner Schrammt, Gerhard Rimkus, Irene Scheunert, Rainer Brüggemann, Joachim Altschuh, Christian E. Steinberg, Walter Vetter, Antonius Kettrup & Derek C.G. Muir. (1999) Predicting bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of polychlorinated bornane (toxaphene) congeners in fish and comparison with bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in biota from the aquatic environment. Chemosphere 39:4, pages 655-663.
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M.D. Loewent, G.A. Stern, J.B. Westmore, D.C.G. Muir & H. Parlar. (1998) Characterization of three major toxaphene congeners in arctic ringed seal by electron ionization and electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 36:15, pages 3119-3135.
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T.J Schrader, B.G Boyes, T.I Matula, C Héroux-Metcalf, I Langlois & R.H Downie. (1998) In vitro investigation of toxaphene genotoxicity in S. typhimurium and Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblasts. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 413:2, pages 159-168.
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Mehmet Coelhan, Gerda Fingerling, Gabriele Christ & Harun Parlar. (1998) Toxaphen in der Umwelt. Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 10:2, pages 109-122.
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Mehmet Coelhan, Gerda Fingerling, Daniela Angerhöfer & Harun Parlar. (1998) Toxaphen in der Umwelt. Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 10:1, pages 37-59.
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Bernd Krock, Walter Vetter & Bernd Luckas. (1997) PCB/Toxaphene group separation on silica prior to congener specific determination of toxaphene residues in fish and other samples by GC/ECD. Chemosphere 35:7, pages 1519-1530.
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M. Coelhan & H. Parlar. 1997. Analytiker-Taschenbuch. Analytiker-Taschenbuch 179 215 .
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Bernd Krock, Walter Vetter, Bernd Luckas & Gerd Scherer. (1996) Structure elucidation of a main heptachloro congener of toxaphene in marine organisms after isolation from malipax®. Chemosphere 33:6, pages 1005-1019.
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G. A. Stern, M. D. Loewen, B. M. Miskimmin, D. C. G. Muir & J. B. Westmore. (1996) Characterization of Two Major Toxaphene Components in Treated Lake Sediment. Environmental Science & Technology 30:7, pages 2251-2258.
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Derek C.G. Muir & Jacob de Boer. (1995) Recent developments in the analysis and environmental chemistry of toxaphene with emphasis on the marine environment. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 14:2, pages 56-66.
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Li Xu, Dominik Hainzl, Jürgen Burhenne & Harun Parlar. (1994) HRGC-ECD and HRGC-NICI SIM quantification of toxaphene residues in selected marine organism by environmentally relevant chlorobornanes as standard. Chemosphere 28:2, pages 237-243.
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Clifford P. Rice. (1993) Homologue concentrations of chlorobornanes in selected samples from the Bering/Chukchi Sea. Chemosphere 27:10, pages 1937-1947.
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Jacob de Boer & Peter G. Wester. (1993) Determination of toxaphene in human milk from Nicaragua and in fish and marine mammals from the northeastern Atlantic and the North Sea. Chemosphere 27:10, pages 1879-1890.
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M. Malaiyandi, G.W. Buchanan, V. Nikiforov & D.T. Williams. (1993) Large scale isolation and spectroscopic characterization of 2,2,5-endo, 6-exo, 8,9,10-heptachlorobornane from chlorination of camphene. Chemosphere 27:10, pages 1849-1856.
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Derek C.G. Muir & Jacob de Boer. (1993) Toxaphene: Analytical chemistry. Chemosphere 27:10, pages 1827-1834.
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Hans-Rudolf Buser, Michael Oehme, Walter Vetter & Bernd Luckas. (1993) Partial structure elucidation of the most abundant octa and nonachlorotoxaphene congeners in marine mammals by using conventional electron ionization mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 347:12, pages 502-512.
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J�rgen Burhenne, Dominik Hainzl, Li Xu, B�rbel Vieth, Lutz Alder & Harun Parlar. (1993) Preparation and structure of high-chlorinated bornane derivatives for the quantification of toxaphene residues in environmental samples. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 346:6-9, pages 779-785.
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G. A. Stern, D. C. G. Muir, J. B. Westmore & W. D. Buchannon. (1993) Mass spectrometric studies of the toxaphene components 2-exo,3-endo,5-exo,6-endo,8,8,10,10-octachloroborane (T2) and 2-exo,3-endo,5-exo,6-endo,8,8,9,10,10-nonachlorobornane (T12). Biological Mass Spectrometry 22:1, pages 19-30.
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D.C.G. Muir, R. Wagemann, B.T. Hargrave, D.J. Thomas, D.B. Peakall & R.J. Norstrom. (1992) Arctic marine ecosystem contamination. Science of The Total Environment 122:1-2, pages 75-134.
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Frank van der Valk & Peter G. Wester. (1991) Determination of toxaphene in fish from Northern Europe. Chemosphere 22:1-2, pages 57-66.
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Derek C. G. Muir, Cathy A. Ford, Norbert P. Grift, Don A. Metner & W. Lyle Lockhart. (1990) Geographic variation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in burbot (Lota lota) from remote Lakes and Rivers in Canada. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 19:4, pages 530-542.
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