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Research Article

Handcycling: different modes and gear ratios

Pages 242-249 | Published online: 09 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (6)

Cassandra Kraaijenbrink, Riemer Vegter, Sonja de Groot, Ursina Arnet, Linda Valent, Joeri Verellen, Kees van Breukelen, Florentina Hettinga, Claudio Perret, Thomas Abel, Victoria Goosey-Tolfrey & Lucas van der Woude. (2021) Biophysical aspects of handcycling performance in rehabilitation, daily life and recreational sports; a narrative review. Disability and Rehabilitation 43:24, pages 3461-3475.
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Rafael Muchaxo, Sonja De Groot, Ingrid Kouwijzer, Lucas Van Der Woude, Thomas Janssen & Carla F.J. Nooijen. (2021) A Role for Trunk Function in Elite Recumbent Handcycling Performance?. Journal of Sports Sciences 39:20, pages 2312-2321.
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Joeri Verellen, Luc Janssens, Christophe Meyer & Yves Vanlandewijck. (2012) Development and application of a handbike ergometer to measure the 3D force generation pattern during arm crank propulsion in realistic handcycling conditions. Sports Technology 5:1-2, pages 65-73.
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Emily Zipfel, Joseph Olson, Jeremy Puhlman & Rory A. Cooper. (2009) Design of a custom racing hand-cycle: Review and analysis. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 4:2, pages 119-128.
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S. van Drongelen, J. C. Maas, A. Scheel-Sailer & L. H. V. Van Der Woude. (2009) Submaximal arm crank ergometry: Effects of crank axis positioning on mechanical efficiency, physiological strain and perceived discomfort. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 33:2, pages 151-157.
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VictoriaL. Goosey-Tolfrey & Paul Sindall. (2007) The effects of arm crank strategy on physiological responses and mechanical efficiency during submaximal exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences 25:4, pages 453-460.
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Articles from other publishers (25)

Michele Sanguinetta, Giovanni Incerti, Cinzia Amici & Giovanni Legnani. (2024) Handbike for Daily Use, Sport, and Rehabilitation Purposes: A Literature Review of Actuation and Technical Characteristics. Actuators 13:2, pages 50.
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Rowie J. F. Janssen, Sonja de Groot, Lucas H. V. Van der Woude, Han Houdijk, Vicky L. Goosey‐Tolfrey & Riemer J. K. Vegter. (2023) Force–velocity profiling of elite wheelchair rugby players by manipulating rolling resistance over multiple wheelchair sprints. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 33:8, pages 1531-1540.
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Cassandra Kraaijenbrink, Riemer J. K. Vegter, Nils Ostertag, Luc Janssens, Yves Vanlandewijck, Lucas H. V. van der Woude & Heiko Wagner. (2021) Steering Does Affect Biophysical Responses in Asynchronous, but Not Synchronous Submaximal Handcycle Ergometry in Able-Bodied Men. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 3.
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Ben T. Stephenson, Benjamin Stone, Barry S. Mason & Victoria L. Goosey‐Tolfrey. (2020) Physiology of handcycling: A current sports perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31:1, pages 4-20.
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Cassandra Kraaijenbrink, Riemer J. K. Vegter, Alexander H. R. Hensen, Heiko Wagner & Lucas H. V. van der Woude. (2020) Biomechanical and physiological differences between synchronous and asynchronous low intensity handcycling during practice-based learning in able-bodied men. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 17:1.
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Cassandra Kraaijenbrink, Riemer J. K. Vegter, Alexander H. R. Hensen, Heiko Wagner & Lucas H. V. van der Woude. (2017) Different cadences and resistances in sub-maximal synchronous handcycling in able-bodied men: Effects on efficiency and force application. PLOS ONE 12:8, pages e0183502.
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Stefan Litzenberger, Franziska Mally & Anton Sabo. (2016) Biomechanics of elite recumbent handcycling: a case study. Sports Engineering 19:3, pages 201-211.
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David Hill, Donna Moxley Scarborough, Eric Berkson & Hugh Herr. (2014) Athletic Assistive Technology for Persons with Physical Conditions Affecting Mobility. JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 26:3, pages 154-165.
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Pieter Meyns, Patricia Van de Walle, Wouter Hoogkamer, Carlotte Kiekens, Kaat Desloovere & Jacques Duysens. (2014) Coordinating arms and legs on a hybrid rehabilitation tricycle: the metabolic benefit of asymmetrical compared to symmetrical arm movements. European Journal of Applied Physiology 114:4, pages 743-750.
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Ursina Arnet, Stefan van Drongelen, DirkJan Veeger & Lucas H. V. van der Woude. (2013) Force Application During Handcycling and Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion: An Initial Comparison. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29:6, pages 687-695.
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Joeri Verellen, Christophe Meyer, Luc Janssens & Yves Vanlandewijck. (2011) Peak and submaximal steady-state metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during arm-powered and arm-trunk-powered handbike ergometry in able-bodied participants. European Journal of Applied Physiology 112:3, pages 983-989.
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Ursina Arnet, Stefan van Drongelen, DirkJan H.E.J. Veeger & Lucas H.V. van der Woude. (2012) Are the force characteristics of synchronous handcycling affected by speed and the method to impose power?. Medical Engineering & Physics 34:1, pages 78-84.
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Dale I. Lovell, Dale Mason, Elias Delphinus & Chris McLellan. (2011) A Comparison of Asynchronous and Synchronous Arm Cranking During the Wingate Test. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 6:3, pages 419-426.
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Ian Rice, Florentina J. Hettinga, Justin Laferrier, Michelle L. Sporner, Christine M. Heiner, Brendan Burkett & Rory A. Cooper. 2011. The Paralympic Athlete. The Paralympic Athlete 31 50 .
Tatsuto SUZUKI, Hironobu UCHIYAMA, Catherine HOLLOWAY & Nick TYLER. (2011) Load on Shoulder and Elbow Joints During Autonomous Hand-Cycling. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 6:4, pages 236-247.
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D. Pailler & J.C. Druvert. 2011. Rachis et Sports. Rachis et Sports 143 154 .
Arnaud Faupin, Philippe Gorce, Eric Watelain, Christophe Meyer & Andre Thevenon. (2010) A Biomechanical Analysis of Handcycling: A Case Study. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26:2, pages 240-245.
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F.J. Hettinga, L. Valent, W. Groen, S. van Drongelen, S. de Groot & L.H.V. van der Woude. (2010) Hand-Cycling: An Active Form of Wheeled Mobility, Recreation, and Sports. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 21:1, pages 127-140.
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Stefan van Drongelen, Lucas van der Woude, Sonja de Groot, Thomas Janssen & Dirkjan Veeger. 2009. Ergonomics for Rehabilitation Professionals. Ergonomics for Rehabilitation Professionals.
Lucas H.V. van der Woude, Astrid Horstman, Paul Faas, Sander Mechielsen, Hamid Abbasi Bafghi & Jos J. de Koning. (2008) Power output and metabolic cost of synchronous and asynchronous submaximal and peak level hand cycling on a motor driven treadmill in able-bodied male subjects. Medical Engineering & Physics 30:5, pages 574-580.
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L.H.V. Van der Woude, S. de Groot & T.W.J. Janssen. (2006) Manual wheelchairs: research and innovation in sports and daily life. Science & Sports 21:4, pages 226-235.
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A. Faupin, P. Gorce, P. Campillo, A. Thevenon & O. Rémy-Néris. (2006) Kinematic analysis of handbike propulsion in various gear ratios: Implications for joint pain. Clinical Biomechanics 21:6, pages 560-566.
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JOERI VERELLEN, DANIEL THEISEN & YVES VANLANDEWIJCK. (2004) Influence of Crank Rate in Hand Cycling. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36:10, pages 1826-1831.
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BRYANT L. SIH & JAMES H. STUHMILLER. (2003) The Metabolic Cost of Force Generation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35:4, pages 623-629.
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Lucas H. V. van der Woude, Annet J. Dallmeijer, Thomas W. J. Janssen & Dirkjan Veeger. (2001) Alternative Modes of Manual Wheelchair Ambulation. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 80:10, pages 765-777.
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