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Drug Metabolism Reviews Volume 52, 2020 - Issue 1
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Review Articles

Insights into gastrointestinal microbiota-generated ginsenoside metabolites and their bioactivities

Li YangDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; ;Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China; ;Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; ;National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; View further author information
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Hecun ZouDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; ;Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China; ;Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; ;National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; ;Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Hunan, PR ChinaView further author information
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Yongchao GaoDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; ;Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China; ;Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; ;National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; View further author information
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Junjia LuoDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; ;Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China; ;Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; ;National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; View further author information
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Xiaonv XieDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; ;Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China; ;Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; ;National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; View further author information
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Wenhui MengDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; ;Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China; ;Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; ;National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; View further author information
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Honghao ZhouDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; ;Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China; ;Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; ;National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; View further author information
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Zhirong TanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; ;Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China; ;Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; ;National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Correspondence[email protected]
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Pages 125-138 | Received 18 Sep 2019, Accepted 02 Jan 2020, Published online: 26 Jan 2020

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Chan Li, Yingbo Lin, Rukun Lin, Zhijie Chen, Qichun Zhou, Chaohua Luo & Zhixian Mo. (2023) Host miR-129-5p reverses effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on morphine reward possibly mediated by changes in B. vulgatus and serotonin metabolism in hippocampus. Gut Microbes 15:2.
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Wenxiang Fan, Linhong Fan, Ziying Wang, Yuqi Mei, Longchan Liu, Linnan Li, Li Yang & Zhengtao Wang. (2024) Rare ginsenosides: A unique perspective of ginseng research. Journal of Advanced Research.
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Juan Zhang, Ruolin Zhao, Guige Hou, Qibao Wang, Fenglan Zhao, Zhi Liu & Qingguo Meng. (2023) Stereoscopic Differences in the Identification, Bioactivity, and Metabolism of C-20 and C-24 Epimeric Ginseng Saponins. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 23:7, pages 804-820.
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Dongcai Liu, Qingquan Tian, Kuijie Liu, Feng Ren, Ganglei Liu, Jingyu Zhou, Lianwen Yuan, Zhixue Fang, Bing Zou & Shalong Wang. (2023) Ginsenoside Rg3 Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Regulating Microbial Homeostasis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
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Hongrong Zhu, Rui Zhang, Zunxi Huang & Junpei Zhou. (2023) Progress in the Conversion of Ginsenoside Rb1 into Minor Ginsenosides Using β-Glucosidases. Foods 12:2, pages 397.
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Zhongwen Qi, Zhipeng Yan, Yueyao Wang, Nan Ji, Xiaoya Yang, Ao Zhang, Meng Li, Fengqin Xu & Junping Zhang. (2022) Ginsenoside Rh2 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Improves Exosomes to Alleviate Hypoxia-Induced Myocardial Injury. Frontiers in Immunology 13.
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Tongxi Zhuang, Wei Li, Li Yang, Zhengtao Wang, Lili Ding & Mingmei Zhou. (2021) Gut Microbiota: Novel Therapeutic Target of Ginsenosides for the Treatment of Obesity and Its Complications. Frontiers in Pharmacology 12.
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Maoqi Hou, Rufeng Wang, Shujuan Zhao & Zhengtao Wang. (2021) Ginsenosides in Panax genus and their biosynthesis. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 11:7, pages 1813-1834.
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Eunhak Seong, Shambhunath Bose, Song-Yi Han, Eun-Ji Song, Myeongjong Lee, Young-Do Nam & Hojun Kim. (2021) Positive influence of gut microbiota on the effects of Korean red ginseng in metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. EPMA Journal 12:2, pages 177-197.
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Daan Bunt, Adriaan Minnaard & Sahar El Aidy. (2021) Potential Modulatory Microbiome Therapies for Prevention or Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Pharmaceuticals 14:6, pages 506.
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Kentaro Inamura. (2021) Gut microbiota contributes towards immunomodulation against cancer: New frontiers in precision cancer therapeutics. Seminars in Cancer Biology 70, pages 11-23.
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Jin-Hao Zhu, Jin-Di Xu, Shan-Shan Zhou, Xiao-Ya Zhang, Jing Zhou, Ming Kong, Qian Mao, He Zhu & Song-Lin Li. (2020) Differences in Intestinal Metabolism of Ginseng Between Normal and Immunosuppressed Rats. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 46:1, pages 93-104.
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Almando Geraldi. (2020) Advances in the Production of Minor Ginsenosides Using Microorganisms and Their Enzymes. BIO Integration 1:1.
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