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Communication Education Volume 51, 2002 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

A Cross-Cultural Study of Immediacy, Credibility, and Learning in the U.S. and Kenya

Scott Johnson Dept. of Rhetoric & Communication Studies, at University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173
&
Ann Miller Dept. of Communication at Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya
Pages 280-292 | Published online: 18 Oct 2010

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Dhinesh Radhakrishnan, Brenda M. Capobianco & Jennifer DeBoer. (2021) Kenyan engineering teachers building reflective practice. Reflective Practice 22:5, pages 697-711.
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Jessalyn I. Vallade & Renee Kaufmann. (2021) Instructor misbehavior and student outcomes: Replication and extension in the online classroom. Journal of Research on Technology in Education 53:2, pages 206-222.
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Stephen Croucher, Stephanie Kelly, Mal Green & Erika Pearson. (2020) The impact of student nationality and course type on perceptions of teacher credibility. Communication Research and Practice 6:4, pages 342-356.
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Jang Ho Lee. (2020) Relationships among students’ perceptions of native and non-native EFL teachers’ immediacy behaviours and credibility and students’ willingness to communicate in class. Oxford Review of Education 46:2, pages 153-168.
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Rebecca J Bartlett Ellis, Anna F Carmon & Caitlin Pike. (2016) A review of immediacy and implications for provider–patient relationships to support medication management. Patient Preference and Adherence 10, pages 9-18.
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Katherine Grace Hendrix & Cicely Wilson. (2014) Virtual Invisibility: Race and Communication Education. Communication Education 63:4, pages 405-428.
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PaulL. Witt, Paul Schrodt, VirginiaE. Wheeless & MeaganC. Bryand. (2014) Students' Intent to Persist in College: Moderating the Negative Effects of Receiver Apprehension with Instructor Credibility and Nonverbal Immediacy. Communication Studies 65:3, pages 330-352.
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Laura Trad, James Katt & Ann Neville Miller. (2014) The Effect of Face Threat Mitigation on Instructor Credibility and Student Motivation in the Absence of Instructor Nonverbal Immediacy. Communication Education 63:2, pages 136-148.
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Zachary W. Goldman, San Bolkan & Alan K. Goodboy. (2014) Revisiting the Relationship between Teacher Confirmation and Learning Outcomes: Examining Cultural Differences in Turkish, Chinese, and American Classrooms. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 43:1, pages 45-63.
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Ann Neville Miller, James A. Katt, Tim Brown & Stephen A. Sivo. (2014) The Relationship of Instructor Self-Disclosure, Nonverbal Immediacy, and Credibility to Student Incivility in the College Classroom. Communication Education 63:1, pages 1-16.
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AmberN. Finn & AndrewM. Ledbetter. (2013) Teacher Power Mediates the Effects of Technology Policies on Teacher Credibility. Communication Education 62:1, pages 26-47.
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Li Li, JosephP. Mazer & Ran Ju. (2011) Resolving International Teaching Assistant Language Inadequacy through Dialogue: Challenges and Opportunities for Clarity and Credibility. Communication Education 60:4, pages 461-478.
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Qin Zhang, Jibiao Zhang & Ana-Alyse Castelluccio. (2011) A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Student Resistance in College Classrooms: The Effects of Teacher Misbehaviors and Credibility. Communication Quarterly 59:4, pages 450-464.
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Vincent Santilli, Ann Neville Miller & James Katt. (2011) A Comparison of the Relationship Between Instructor Nonverbal Immediacy and Teacher Credibility in Brazilian and U.S. Classrooms. Communication Research Reports 28:3, pages 266-274.
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Virginia Eman Wheeless, Paul L. Witt, Michelle Maresh, Meagan C. Bryand & Paul Schrodt. (2011) Instructor Credibility as a Mediator of Instructor Communication and Students' Intent to Persist in College. Communication Education 60:3, pages 314-339.
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Vincent Santilli & Ann Neville Miller. (2011) The Effects of Gender and Power Distance on Nonverbal Immediacy in Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Power Conditions: A Cross-Cultural Study of Classrooms and Friendships. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication 4:1, pages 3-22.
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LauraA. Siminoff & MaryM. Step. (2011) A Comprehensive Observational Coding Scheme for Analyzing Instrumental, Affective, and Relational Communication in Health Care Contexts. Journal of Health Communication 16:2, pages 178-197.
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PaulL. Witt & Jeff Kerssen-Griep. (2011) Instructional Feedback I: The Interaction of Facework and Immediacy on Students' Perceptions of Instructor Credibility. Communication Education 60:1, pages 75-94.
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Zachary Henning. (2010) Teaching with Style to Manage Student Perceptions: The Effects of Socio-Communicative Style and Teacher Credibility on Student Affective Learning. Communication Research Reports 27:1, pages 58-67.
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AmberN. Finn, Paul Schrodt, PaulL. Witt, Nikki Elledge, KodianeA. Jernberg & LaraM. Larson. (2009) A Meta-Analytical Review of Teacher Credibility and its Associations with Teacher Behaviors and Student Outcomes. Communication Education 58:4, pages 516-537.
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JamesA. Katt, JamesC. McCroskey, StephenA. Sivo, VirginiaP. Richmond & KristinM. Valencic. (2009) A Structural Equation Modeling Evaluation of the General Model of Instructional Communication. Communication Quarterly 57:3, pages 239-258.
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Qin Zhang. (2009) Perceived Teacher Credibility and Student Learning: Development of a Multicultural Model. Western Journal of Communication 73:3, pages 326-347.
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Paul Schrodt, PaulL. Witt, PaulD. Turman, ScottA. Myers, MatthewH. Barton & KodianeA. Jernberg. (2009) Instructor Credibility as a Mediator of Instructors’ Prosocial Communication Behaviors and Students’ Learning Outcomes. Communication Education 58:3, pages 350-371.
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Tony Docan-Morgan & Valerie Manusov. (2009) Relational Turning Point Events and Their Outcomes in College Teacher–Student Relationships from Students’ Perspectives. Communication Education 58:2, pages 155-188.
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Hee Sun Park, Seungcheol Austin Lee, Doshik Yun & Wonsun Kim. (2009) The Impact of Instructor Decision Authority and Verbal and Nonverbal Immediacy on Korean Student Satisfaction in the US and South Korea. Communication Education 58:2, pages 189-212.
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April Kelly-Woessner & Matthew Woessner. (2008) Conflict in the Classroom: Considering the Effects of Partisan Difference on Political Education. Journal of Political Science Education 4:3, pages 265-285.
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KeriK. Stephens & TimothyP. Mottet. (2008) Interactivity in a Web Conference Training Context: Effects on Trainers and Trainees. Communication Education 57:1, pages 88-104.
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S. Nombuso Dlamini & Dragana Martinovic. (2007) In pursuit of being Canadian: examining the challenges of culturally relevant education in teacher education programs. Race Ethnicity and Education 10:2, pages 155-175.
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Qin Zhang, JohnG. Oetzel, Xiaofang Gao, RichardG. Wilcox & Jiro Takai. (2007) Teacher Immediacy Scales: Testing for Validity Across Cultures. Communication Education 56:2, pages 228-248.
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MarianL. Houser, ReneeL. Cowan & DanielA. West. (2007) Investigating a New Education Frontier: Instructor Communication Behavior in CD-ROM Texts—Do Traditionally Positive Behaviors Translate into This New Environment?. Communication Quarterly 55:1, pages 19-38.
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Chad Edwards & ScottA. Myers. (2007) Perceived Instructor Credibility as a Function of Instructor Aggressive Communication. Communication Research Reports 24:1, pages 47-53.
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Paul Schrodt, PaulD. Turman & Jordan Soliz. (2006) Perceived Understanding as a Mediator of Perceived Teacher Confirmation and Students’ Ratings of Instruction. Communication Education 55:4, pages 370-388.
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Qin Zhang & Jibiao Zhang. (2006) Dimensions of Teacher Immediacy as Predictors of Student Learning: A Chinese Perspective. Communication Research Reports 23:3, pages 199-207.
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BrentK. Simonds, KevinR. Meyer, MargaretM. Quinlan & StephenK. Hunt. (2006) Effects of Instructor Speech Rate on Student Affective Learning, Recall, and Perceptions of Nonverbal Immediacy, Credibility, and Clarity. Communication Research Reports 23:3, pages 187-197.
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Janie H. Wilson. (2006) Predicting Student Attitudes and Grades From Perceptions of Instructors' Attitudes. Teaching of Psychology 33:2, pages 91-95.
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Qin Zhang & JohnG. Oetzel. (2006) Constructing and Validating a Teacher Immediacy Scale: A Chinese Perspective . Communication Education 55:2, pages 218-241.
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Paul Schrodt & PaulL. Witt. (2006) Students’ Attributions of Instructor Credibility as a Function of Students’ Expectations of Instructional Technology Use and Nonverbal Immediacy . Communication Education 55:1, pages 1-20.
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Maria Brann, Chad Edwards & ScottA. Myers. (2005) Perceived Instructor Credibility and Teaching Philosophy. Communication Research Reports 22:3, pages 217-226.
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Qin Zhang. (2005) Immediacy, humor, power distance, and classroom communication apprehension in Chinese college classrooms. Communication Quarterly 53:1, pages 109-124.
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K. David Roach, Myrna M. Cornett-Devito & Raffaele Devito. (2005) A cross-cultural comparison of instructor communication in American and French classrooms. Communication Quarterly 53:1, pages 87-107.
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ScottA. Myers. (2004) The relationship between perceived instructor credibility and college student in‐class and out‐of‐class communication. Communication Reports 17:2, pages 129-137.
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LauraA. Janusik. (2002) Teaching Listening: What Do We Do? What Should We Do?. International Journal of Listening 16:1, pages 5-39.
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Sandhya Gupta & Renu Prajapati. 2022. Handbook of Research on Teacher and Student Perspectives on the Digital Turn in Education. Handbook of Research on Teacher and Student Perspectives on the Digital Turn in Education 165 189 .
Jin Zheng. (2021) A Functional Review of Research on Clarity, Immediacy, and Credibility of Teachers and Their Impacts on Motivation and Engagement of Students. Frontiers in Psychology 12.
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Nora A. McIntyre, Kees Tim Mulder & M. Tim Mainhard. (2020) Looking to relate: teacher gaze and culture in student-rated teacher interpersonal behaviour. Social Psychology of Education 23:2, pages 411-431.
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Mohammad Abul Kashem. (2019) The Effect of Teachers’ Dress on Students’ Attitude and Students’ Learning: Higher Education View. Education Research International 2019, pages 1-7.
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Facundo Froment, M. Rocío Bohórquez & Alfonso Javier García-González. (2019) Credibilidad docente: una revisión de la literatura. Teoría de la Educación. Revista Interuniversitaria 32:1, pages 23-54.
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Keith E. Dilbeck, Andrés Domínguez, Jon Dornaletexte Ruiz, Martin McMurrich & Mike Allen. 2014. Cases on Communication Technology for Second Language Acquisition and Cultural Learning. Cases on Communication Technology for Second Language Acquisition and Cultural Learning 24 57 .
Hadrian Lankiewicz. 2014. Classroom-oriented Research. Classroom-oriented Research 101 120 .
Elisha Babad. 2007. Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research. Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research 219 279 .
Elisha Babad. 2007. The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: An Evidence-Based Perspective. The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: An Evidence-Based Perspective 201 261 .
Chikako Akamatsu McLean. (2007) Establishing credibility in the multicultural classroom: When the instructor speaks with an accent. New Directions for Teaching and Learning 2007:110, pages 15-24.
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Qin Zhang. (2006) Immediacy and out-of-class communication: A cross-cultural comparison. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 30:1, pages 33-50.
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