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Communication Education Volume 30, 1981 - Issue 2
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Communication apprehension of elementary and secondary students and teachers

James C. McCroskey Professor and Chairperson of the Department of Speech Communication, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506
,
Janis F. Andersen Assistant Professor of the Department of Speech Communication, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506
,
Virginia P. Richmond Associate Professor of the Department of Speech Communication, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506
&
Lawrence R. Wheeless Professor and Associate Chairperson of the Department of Speech Communication, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506
Pages 122-132 | Published online: 18 May 2009

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Stephen M. Croucher, Stephanie Kelly, Diyako Rahmani, Mark Burkey, Talgat Subanaliev, Flora Galy-Badenas, Agnes Lucy Lando, Monica Chibita, Venantie Nyiransabimana, Elira Turdubaeva, Nadirabegim Eskiçorapçı & Kelsea Jackson. (2020) A multi-national validity analysis of the self-perceived communication competence scale. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication 13:1, pages 1-12.
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Madison Murphy & Keith Weber. (2019) Confirmation of the Ability of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension-24 (PRCA-24) to Predict Behavioral Indicators of Social Interaction. Communication Research Reports 36:5, pages 393-403.
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Frank M. Schneider, Michaela Maier, Sara Lovrekovic & Andrea Retzbach. (2015) The Perceived Leadership Communication Questionnaire (PLCQ): Development and Validation. The Journal of Psychology 149:2, pages 175-192.
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Raymond W. Preiss & Lawrence R. Wheeless. (2014) Perspectives on Instructional Communication's Historical Path to the Future. Communication Education 63:4, pages 308-328.
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ColleenC. Malachowski & MatthewM. Martin. (2011) Instructors' Perceptions of Teaching Behaviors, Communication Apprehension, and Student Nonverbal Responsiveness in the Classroom. Communication Research Reports 28:2, pages 141-150.
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Elizabeth Baiocchi-Wagner. (2011) “Facing Threats”: Understanding Communication Apprehensive Instructors' Face Loss and Face Restoration in the Classroom. Communication Quarterly 59:2, pages 221-238.
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GeorgetaM. Hodis, NilanjanaR. Bardhan & FlaviuA. Hodis. (2010) Patterns of Change in Willingness to Communicate in Public Speaking Contexts: A Latent Growth Modeling Analysis. Journal of Applied Communication Research 38:3, pages 248-267.
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TrevorA. Francis & MichaelT. Miller. (2007) Communication Apprehension: Levels of First–Generation College Students at 2–Year Institutions. Community College Journal of Research and Practice 32:1, pages 38-55.
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JudyC. Pearson, Lori DeWitt, JeffreyT. Child, DavidH. Kahl$suffix/text()$suffix/text() & Vijay Dandamudi. (2007) Facing the Fear: An Analysis of Speech-Anxiety Content in Public-Speaking Textbooks. Communication Research Reports 24:2, pages 159-168.
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KristineA. Rickards-Schlichting, ThomasJ. Kehle & MelissaA. Bray. (2004) A Self-Modeling Intervention for High School Students with Public Speaking Anxiety. Journal of Applied School Psychology 20:2, pages 47-60.
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Melanie Booth‐Butterfield. (1998) Measurement of communication flexibility: Working adults vs. college students. Communication Research Reports 15:4, pages 365-369.
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JenniferD. Mladenka, ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (1998) Anxiety sensitivity and speech trait anxiety as predictors of state anxiety during public speaking. Communication Quarterly 46:4, pages 417-429.
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K. David Roach. (1998) Teaching assistant communication apprehension, willingness to communicate, and state communication anxiety in the classroom. Communication Research Reports 15:2, pages 130-140.
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ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (1997) Communication apprehension and implicit memories of public speaking state anxiety. Communication Quarterly 45:3, pages 211-222.
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JamesW. Neuliep & JamesC. McCroskey. (1997) The development of intercultural and interethnic communication apprehension scales. Communication Research Reports 14:2, pages 145-156.
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AnthonyJ. Roberto & Margaret Finucane. (1997) The assessment of argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness in adolescent populations. Communication Quarterly 45:1, pages 21-36.
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Paul David Bolls & Alex Tan. (1996) Communication anxiety and teacher communication competence among Native American and Caucasian students. Communication Research Reports 13:2, pages 205-213.
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Joan O'Mara, JerryL. Allen, KathleenM. Long & Ben Judd. (1996) Communication apprehension, nonverbal immediacy, and negative expectations for learning. Communication Research Reports 13:1, pages 109-128.
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DebbieM. Ayres, Joe Ayres & Tim Hopf. (1995) Reducing Communication Apprehension Among At‐Risk Children. Communication Reports 8:2, pages 178-184.
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JamesC. McCroskey & VirginiaP. Richmond. (1995) Correlates of compulsive communication: Quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Communication Quarterly 43:1, pages 39-52.
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Melanie Booth‐Butterfield & Steve Booth‐Butterfield. (1994) Communication anxiety and signing effectiveness: Testing an interference model among deaf communicators. Journal of Applied Communication Research 22:3, pages 273-286.
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Lynne Kelly & James Keaten. (1992) A test of the effectiveness of the reticence program at the Pennsylvania state university. Communication Education 41:4, pages 361-374.
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JamesW. Chesebro, JamesC. McCroskey, DeborahF. Atwater, ReneM. Bahrenfuss, Gordon Cawelti, JamesL. Gaudino & Helene Hodges. (1992) Communication apprehension and self‐perceived communication competence of at‐risk students. Communication Education 41:4, pages 345-360.
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AnnL. Darling. (1992) Instructional communication research: A master syllabus for a graduate seminar. Communication Education 41:2, pages 204-214.
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JamesC. McCroskey. (1992) Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale. Communication Quarterly 40:1, pages 16-25.
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Melanie Booth‐Butterfield, Debra Heare & Steve Booth‐Butterfield. (1991) The effect of communication anxiety upon signing effectiveness among the profoundly hearing‐impaired. Communication Quarterly 39:3, pages 241-250.
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Steven Booth‐Butterfield & R. Rocco Cottone. (1991) Ethical issues in the treatment of communication apprehension and avoidance. Communication Education 40:2, pages 172-179.
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Eileen Berlin Ray. (1991) The relationship among communication network roles, job stress, and burnout in educational organizations. Communication Quarterly 39:1, pages 91-102.
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JamesC. McCroskey & VirginiaP. Richmond. (1990) Willingness to communicate: Differing cultural perspectives. Southern Communication Journal 56:1, pages 72-77.
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Lynne Kelly, RobertL. Duran & John Stewart. (1990) Rhetoritherapy revisited: A test of its effectiveness as a treatment for communication problems. Communication Education 39:3, pages 207-226.
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ElizabethM. Goering & Patricia Breidenstein‐Cutspec. (1990) The co‐cultural experience of shyness: A comparison of the friendship networks of black communicators and white communicators. Howard Journal of Communications 2:3, pages 262-275.
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ArdenK. Watson & EulaE. Monroe. (1990) Academic achievement: A study of relationships of IQ, communication apprehension, and teacher perception. Communication Reports 3:1, pages 28-36.
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Patricia Breidenstein‐Cutspec & Elizabeth Goering. (1989) Exploring cultural diversity: A network analysis of the communicative correlates of shyness within the black culture. Communication Research Reports 6:1, pages 37-46.
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VirginiaP. Richmond, JamesC. Mccroskey & LindaL. McCroskey. (1989) An investigation of self‐perceived communication competence and personality orientations. Communication Research Reports 6:1, pages 28-36.
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ArdenK. Watson, EulaE. Monroe & Hans Atterstrom. (1989) Comparison of communication apprehension across cultures: American and Swedish children. Communication Quarterly 37:1, pages 67-76.
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ArelenK. Watson, EulaE. Monroe, JoanM. Fayer & MarieE. Aloise. (1988) Communication apprehension in Puerto Rican and U.S. Mainland children. Communication Research Reports 5:2, pages 161-168.
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MarkE. Comadena & DianeT. Prusank. (1988) Communication apprehension and academic achievement among elementary and middle school students. Communication Education 37:4, pages 270-277.
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Joe Ayres. (1988) Antecedents of communication apprehension: A reaffirmation. Communication Research Reports 5:1, pages 76-83.
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Patricia Cutspec & ElizabethM. Goering. (1988) Acknowledging cultural diversity: Perceptions of shyness with in the black culture. Howard Journal of Communications 1:1, pages 75-87.
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RobertA. Bell. (1986) The multivariate structure of communication avoidance. Communication Monographs 53:4, pages 365-375.
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RebeccaB. Rubin & JerryD. Feezel. (1986) Elements of teacher communication competence. Communication Education 35:3, pages 254-268.
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RebeccaB. Rubin & JerryD. Feezel. (1985) Teacher communication competence: Essential skills and assessment procedures. Central States Speech Journal 36:1-2, pages 4-13.
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AnnQ. Staton‐Spicer & DonaldH. Wulff. (1984) Research in communication and instruction: Categorization and synthesis. Communication Education 33:4, pages 377-391.
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JohnR. Johnson. (1983) A developmental‐biological perspective of human communication competency. Western Journal of Speech Communication 47:3, pages 193-204.
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JamesC. McCroskey & VirginiaP. Richmond. (1982) Communication apprehension and shyness: Conceptual and operational distinctions. Central States Speech Journal 33:3, pages 458-468.
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JamesC. McCroskey, TimothyJ. Simpson & VirginiaP. Richmond. (1982) Biological sex and communication apprehension. Communication Quarterly 30:2, pages 129-133.
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CHARLES B. PRIBYL, MASAHIRO SAKAMOTO & JAMES A. KEATEN. (2004) The relationship between nonverbal immediacy, student motivation, and perceived cognitive learning among Japanese college students 1 . Japanese Psychological Research 46:2, pages 73-85.
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Gordon W Blood, Ingrid M Blood, Glen Tellis & Rodney Gabel. (2001) Communication apprehension and self-perceived communication competence in adolescents who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders 26:3, pages 161-178.
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M-SKKS Aune, JE Hunter, H-J Kim & J-S Kim. (2001) The effect of culture and self-construals on predispositions toward verbal communication. Human Communication Research 27:3, pages 382-408.
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Leyland F. Pitt, Pierre R. Berthon & Matthew J. Robson. (2000) Communication apprehension and perceptions of salesperson performance: a multinational perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology 15:1, pages 68-82.
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Margaret-Anne Carter & Brian Hansford. (2016) Reducing high levels of communication apprehension among primary schoolstudents: Can teachers make a difference?. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 9:2, pages 129-146.
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James Keaten, Lynne Kelly & Charles B. Pribyl. (1997) Communication apprehension in Japan: Grade school through secondary school. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 21:3, pages 319-343.
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Garrett Call, Joe Beer & John Beer. (2016) General and Test Anxiety, Shyness, and Grade Point Average of Elementary School Children of Divorced and Nondivorced Parents. Psychological Reports 74:2, pages 512-514.
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Stephen R. Briggs & Thomas G. Smith. 1986. Shyness. Shyness 47 60 .
James C. McCroskey & Michael J. Beatty. 1986. Shyness. Shyness 279 293 .
Donald L. Rubin & Marie Wilson Nelson. (2016) Multiple Determinants of a Stigmatized Speech Style: Women's Language, Powerless Language, or Everyone's Language?. Language and Speech 26:3, pages 273-290.
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