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Communication Monographs Volume 48, 1981 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

A cognitive‐physiological model of speech anxiety

Ralph R. Behnke Professor and chairman of speech communication, Texas Christian University,
&
Michael J. Beatty Assistant professor of speech communication, Texas Christian University,
Pages 158-163 | Published online: 02 Jun 2009

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Paul E. King & Amber N. Finn. (2017) A test of attention control theory in public speaking: cognitive load influences the relationship between state anxiety and verbal production. Communication Education 66:2, pages 168-182.
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GrahamD. Bodie . (2010) A Racing Heart, Rattling Knees, and Ruminative Thoughts: Defining, Explaining, and Treating Public Speaking Anxiety. Communication Education 59:1, pages 70-105.
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MelissaJ. Buehler & LauraU. Schneider. (2009) Speak Up! Oral Examinations and Political Science. Journal of Political Science Education 5:4, pages 315-331.
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AmberN. Finn, ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (2009) A Model of Anxious Arousal for Public Speaking. Communication Education 58:3, pages 417-432.
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DesireeC. Duff, TimothyR. Levine, MichaelJ. Beatty, Jessica Woolbright & Hee Sun Park. (2007) Testing Public Anxiety Treatments Against a Credible Placebo Control. Communication Education 56:1, pages 72-88.
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KayB. Harris, Chris R. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (2006) Predicting Speech State Anxiety from Trait Anxiety, Reactivity, and Situational Influences. Communication Quarterly 54:2, pages 213-226.
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PaulL. Witt, KennariaC. Brown, JamesB. Roberts, Jessica Weisel, ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (2006) Somatic Anxiety Patterns Before, During, and After Giving a Public Speech. Southern Communication Journal 71:1, pages 87-100.
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PaulL. Witt & RalphR. Behnke. (2006) Anticipatory Speech Anxiety as a Function of Public Speaking Assignment Type . Communication Education 55:2, pages 167-177.
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ShannonC. McCullough, ShellyG. Russell, RalphR. Behnke, ChrisR. Sawyer & PaulL. Witt. (2006) Anticipatory Public Speaking State Anxiety as a Function of Body Sensations and State of Mind. Communication Quarterly 54:1, pages 101-109.
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CamilleD. Smith, ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (2005) Physical Symptoms of Discomfort Associated with Worry about Giving a Public Speech. Communication Reports 18:1-2, pages 31-41.
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JamesB. Roberts, ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (2004) A neurological representation of speech state anxiety: Mapping salivary cortisol levels of public speakers. Western Journal of Communication 68:2, pages 219-231.
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NaomiR. Horvath, MyrnaN. Moss, Shuang Xie, ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (2004) Evaluation sensitivity and physical sensations of stress as components of public speaking state anxiety. Southern Communication Journal 69:2, pages 173-181.
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AnneE. Lucchetti, GinaL. Phipps & RalphR. Behnke. (2003) Trait anticipatory public speaking anxiety as a function of self‐efficacy expectations and self‐handicapping strategies. Communication Research Reports 20:4, pages 348-356.
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AmberN. Finn, ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (2003) Audience‐perceived anxiety patterns of public speakers. Communication Quarterly 51:4, pages 470-481.
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ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (2002) Behavioral inhibition and the communication of public speaking state anxiety. Western Journal of Communication 66:4, pages 412-422.
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Maili Pörhölä. (2002) Arousal Styles during Public Speaking. Communication Education 51:4, pages 420-438.
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ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (2002) Reduction in public speaking state anxiety during performance as a function of sensitization processes. Communication Quarterly 50:1, pages 110-121.
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RalphR. Behnke & ChrisR. Sawyer. (2001) Public speaking arousal as a function of anticipatory activation and autonomic reactivity. Communication Reports 14:2, pages 73-85.
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Lega’K. Strain, ChrisR. Sawyer, Ralph Behnke & PaulE. King. (2001) Public speaking state anxiety and anxiety sensitivity as predictors of self‐perceived speaker competence. Communication Research Reports 18:2, pages 174-181.
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RalphR. Behnke & ChrisR. Sawyer. (2001) Patterns of psychological state anxiety in public speaking as a function of anxiety sensitivity. Communication Quarterly 49:1, pages 84-94.
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RalphR. Behnke & ChrisR. Sawyer. (2000) Anticipatory anxiety patterns for male and female public speakers. Communication Education 49:2, pages 187-195.
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ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (1999) State anxiety patterns for public speaking and the behavior inhibition system. Communication Reports 12:1, pages 33-41.
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RalphR. Behnke & ChrisR. Sawyer. (1999) Public speaking procrastination as a correlate of public speaking communication apprehension and self‐perceived public speaking competence. Communication Research Reports 16:1, pages 40-47.
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MichaelJ. Beatty, JamesC. McCroskey & AlanD. Heisel. (1998) Communication apprehension as temperamental expression: A Communibiological paradigm. Communication Monographs 65:3, pages 197-219.
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JenniferD. Mladenka, ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (1998) Anxiety sensitivity and speech trait anxiety as predictors of state anxiety during public speaking. Communication Quarterly 46:4, pages 417-429.
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RalphR. Behnke & ChrisR. Sawyer. (1998) Conceptualizing speech anxiety as a dynamic trait. Southern Communication Journal 63:2, pages 160-168.
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Terri Freeman, ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (1998) Differences in anticipatory anxiety and adaptation rate as a function of affect management strategy. Communication Research Reports 15:1, pages 17-26.
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Terri Freeman, ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (1997) Behavioral inhibition and the attribution of public speaking state anxiety. Communication Education 46:3, pages 175-187.
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Maili Pörhölä. (1997) Trait anxiety, experience, and the public speaking state responses of Finnish university students. Communication Research Reports 14:3, pages 367-384.
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ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (1997) Communication apprehension and implicit memories of public speaking state anxiety. Communication Quarterly 45:3, pages 211-222.
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PeterD. MacIntyre, KimlyA. Thivierge & J. Renée MacDonald. (1997) The effects of audience interest, responsiveness, and evaluation on public speaking anxiety and related variables. Communication Research Reports 14:2, pages 157-168.
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RalphR. Behnke, ChrisR. Sawyer & PaulE. King. (1994) Contagion theory and the communication of public speaking state anxiety. Communication Education 43:3, pages 246-251.
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MichaelT. Motley & JenniferL. Molloy. (1994) An efficacy test of a new therapy (“Communication‐orientation motivation”) for public speaking anxiety. Journal of Applied Communication Research 22:1, pages 48-58.
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Maili Porhölä, Pekka Isotalus & Tiina Ovaskainen. (1993) Communication‐elicited arousal in public speaking, small group and dyadic contexts: Comparisons of change in heart rate. Communication Research Reports 10:1, pages 29-37.
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Melanie Booth‐Butterfield & Steve Booth‐Butterfield. (1993) The role of cognitive “performance orientation” in communication anxiety. Communication Quarterly 41:2, pages 198-209.
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Marianne Martini, RalphR. Behnke & PaulE. King. (1992) The communication of public speaking anxiety: Perceptions of Asian and American speakers. Communication Quarterly 40:3, pages 279-288.
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CharlesH. Tardy, MichaelT. Allen, WalterR. Thompson & MarkR. Leary. (1991) Social anxiety and cardiovascular responses to interpersonal communication. Southern Communication Journal 57:1, pages 25-34.
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MichaelJ. Beatty, JeanA. Dobos, GaryL. Balfantz & AlisonY. Kuwabara. (1991) Communication apprehension, state anxiety and behavioral disruption: A causal analysis. Communication Quarterly 39:1, pages 48-57.
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ChrisR. Sawyer & RalphR. Behnke. (1990) The role of self‐monitoring processes in the communication of public speaking anxiety. Communication Reports 3:2, pages 70-74.
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MichaelJ. Beatty, Gary Leonard Balfantz & AlisonY. Kuwabara. (1989) Trait‐like qualities of selected variables assumed to be transient causes of performance state anxiety. Communication Education 38:3, pages 277-289.
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MichaelJ. Beatty. (1988) Public speaking apprehension, decision‐making errors in the selection of speech introduction strategies and adherence to strategy. Communication Education 37:4, pages 297-311.
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Steven Booth‐Butterfield. (1988) A meta‐analysis of the cross‐situational consistency of communication apprehension. Communication Research Reports 5:1, pages 64-70.
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MichaelJ. Beatty. (1988) Situational and Predispositional correlates of public speaking anxiety. Communication Education 37:1, pages 28-39.
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RalphR. Behnke, ChrisR. Sawyer & PaulE. King. (1987) The communication of public speaking anxiety. Communication Education 36:2, pages 138-141.
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MichaelJ. Beatty. (1987) Communication apprehension as a determinant of avoidance, withdrawal and performance anxiety. Communication Quarterly 35:2, pages 202-217.
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Steven Booth‐Butterfield & Malloy Gould. (1986) The communication anxiety inventory: Validation of state‐and context‐communication apprehension. Communication Quarterly 34:2, pages 194-205.
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MichaelJ. Beatty & GregoryS. Andriate. (1985) Communication apprehension and general anxiety in the prediction of public speaking anxiety. Communication Quarterly 33:3, pages 174-184.
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JamesC. McCroskey & MichaelJ. Beatty. (1984) Communication apprehension and accumulated communication state anxiety experiences: A research note. Communication Monographs 51:1, pages 79-84.
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MichaelJ. Hyde. (1984) Emotion and human communication: A rhetorical, scientific, and philosophical picture. Communication Quarterly 32:2, pages 120-132.
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JudeeK. Burgoon & JeroldL. Hale. (1983) A research note on the dimensions of communication reticence. Communication Quarterly 31:3, pages 238-248.
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JOHN O. GREENE & GLENN G. SPARKS. (1983) EXPLICATION AND TEST OF A COGNITIVE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION: A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD CONSTRUCT. Human Communication Research 9:4, pages 349-366.
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