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Original Articles

Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model

Pages 329-349 | Published online: 02 Jun 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

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Natnael Muche, Yosef Wasihun, Habtamu Wondiye, Eyob Ketema Bogale & Tadele Fentabil Anagaw. (2023) Behavioral Responses for Face Cleanliness Message to Prevent Trachoma Among Mothers Having Children Age 1–9 Years Old, in Fogera District, Northwest Ethiopia: An Application of Extended Parallel Process Model. International Journal of General Medicine 16, pages 1927-1941.
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Jessica L. Ford, Matthew Douglas & Ashley K. Barrett. (2023) The Role of Pandemic Fatigue in Seeking and Avoiding Information on COVID-19 Among Young Adults. Health Communication 38:11, pages 2336-2349.
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Nicole Liebers, Achim Vogel, Priska Breves & Holger Schramm. (2023) The Impact of Familiarity with a Communicator on the Persuasive Effectiveness of Pandemic-Related Fear Appeals Explained Through Parasocial Relationships. Mass Communication and Society 0:0, pages 1-27.
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Haijing Ma, Talia Kim-Thanh Kieu, Kurt M. Ribisl & Seth M. Noar. (2023) Do Vaping Prevention Messages Impact Adolescents and Young Adults? A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies. Health Communication 38:8, pages 1709-1722.
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Mengfei Guan, Yachao Li, Jessica D. Scoles & Yaguang Zhu. (2023) COVID-19 Message Fatigue: How Does It Predict Preventive Behavioral Intentions and What Types of Information are People Tired of Hearing About?. Health Communication 38:8, pages 1631-1640.
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Jiyoung Chae & Eun Hwa Jung. (2023) Thinking about Social Consequences of COVID-19 Influenced Preventive Intention: The Case of South Korea. Health Communication 38:8, pages 1563-1571.
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Ryan Weber, William I. MacKenzie & Candice Lanius. (2023) The impact of source credibility and risk perception attitudes on Americans’ willingness to participate in contact tracing applications. Journal of Applied Communication Research 51:3, pages 283-301.
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Dennis P. DeBeck & Joseph N. Scudder. (2023) An Integrated Health Belief Model: Predicting Uptake of the First COVID-19 Booster Vaccine. Health Communication 0:0, pages 1-11.
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Stella C. Chia, Fangcao Lu & Yanqing Sun. (2023) Tracking the Influence of Misinformation on Elderly People’s Perceptions and Intention to Accept COVID-19 Vaccines. Health Communication 38:5, pages 855-865.
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Inyoung Park, Young June Sah, Suhyun Lee & Daeho Lee. (2023) Avatar-Mediated Communication in Video Conferencing: Effect of Self-Affirmation on Debating Participation Focusing on Moderation Effect of Avatar. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 39:3, pages 464-475.
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Linqi Lu, Jiawei Liu, Sang Jung Kim, Ran Tao, Dhavan V. Shah & Douglas M. McLeod. (2023) The Effects of Vaccine Efficacy Information on Vaccination Intentions Through Perceived Response Efficacy and Hope. Journal of Health Communication 28:2, pages 121-129.
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Yan Qu, Adam J. Saffer & Lucinda Austin. (2023) What Drives People Away from COVID-19 Information?: Uncovering the Influences of Personal Networks on Information Avoidance. Health Communication 38:2, pages 216-227.
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Yiwei Liu & Yuru Yin. (2023) Can prolonged exposure to information on COVID-19 affect mental health negatively?. Asian Population Studies 19:1, pages 40-58.
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Susan Mello, Elizabeth Glowacki, Isabella Fuentes & Jennifer Seabolt. (2023) Communicating COVID-19 Risk on Instagram: A Content Analysis of Official Public Health Messaging During the First Year of the Pandemic. Journal of Health Communication 28:1, pages 38-52.
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Elin M. Andersson, Helene Johansson, Steven Nordin & Kristina Lindvall. (2023) Cognitive and emotional reactions to pictorial-based risk communication on subclinical atherosclerosis: a qualitative study within the VIPVIZA trial. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 41:1, pages 69-80.
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Elizabeth Troutman Adams, Robin L. Nabi, Seth M. Noar, Reina Evans & Laura Widman. (2022) How Emotional Shifts Effect Youth Perceptions of Opioid Risk and Efficacy: Testing a Know the Truth Campaign Narrative. Health Communication 37:14, pages 1820-1831.
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Emily Diamond & Kaitlin Urbanski. (2022) The Impact of Message Valence on Climate Change Attitudes: A Longitudinal Experiment. Environmental Communication 16:8, pages 1046-1058.
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Imran Rahman, Luana Nanu, Shaniel Bernard & Sijun Liu. (2022) Does Perceived Control Matter in the Early Days of COVID-19 in USA? A Protection Motivation Approach Examining Hospitality and Tourism Service Patronage. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration 0:0, pages 1-27.
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Kathryn E. Anthony, Braden Bagley, Elizabeth L. Petrun Sayers & Candace Forbes Bright. (2022) To get vaccinated or not? An investigation of the relationship of linguistic assignment of agency and the intention to obtain the COVID-19 vaccine. Atlantic Journal of Communication 30:5, pages 535-548.
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Liang Chen & Hongjie Tang. (2022) Examining the persuasion process of narrative fear appeals on health misinformation correction. Information, Communication & Society 0:0, pages 1-19.
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Nour Zeid & Lu Tang. (2022) Egyptian Newspapers Coverage of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Theoretically Driven Content Analysis. Journal of Health Communication 27:10, pages 727-736.
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Krutheeka Baskaran & Saji K. Mathew. (2022) Understanding Coping Intentions of Fitness Tracker Users: An Empirical Investigation Using Fear Appeals. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 0:0, pages 1-13.
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Yanqing Sun, Jeffry Oktavianus, Sai Wang & Fangcao Lu. (2022) The Role of Influence of Presumed Influence and Anticipated Guilt in Evoking Social Correction of COVID-19 Misinformation. Health Communication 37:11, pages 1368-1377.
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Seema Mutti-Packer, Hyoun S. Kim, Daniel S. McGrath, Emma V. Ritchie, Michael J. A. Wohl, Matthew Rockloff & David C. Hodgins. (2022) An experiment on the perceived efficacy of fear-based messages in online roulette. International Gambling Studies 22:3, pages 480-498.
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Eunjoo Jin & Natalie Brown-Devlin. (2022) When Others Are Here: The Combinative Effects of Social Presence and Threat Appeals in Climate Change Message Effectiveness. Mass Communication and Society 25:1, pages 25-50.
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Jiyeon So, Jeongyoun Ahn & Mengfei Guan. (2022) Beyond Depth and Breadth: Taking “Types” of Health Information Sought into Consideration with Cluster Analysis. Journal of Health Communication 27:1, pages 27-36.
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D. Totzkay, K. J. Silk & B. D. H Thomas. (2022) Evaluating the Extended Parallel Process Model’s Danger Control Predictions in the Context of Dense Breast Notification Laws. Health Communication 37:1, pages 103-113.
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Denise Scannell, Linda Desens, Marie Guadagno, Yolande Tra, Emily Acker, Kate Sheridan, Margo Rosner, Jennifer Mathieu & Mike Fulk. (2021) COVID-19 Vaccine Discourse on Twitter: A Content Analysis of Persuasion Techniques, Sentiment and Mis/Disinformation. Journal of Health Communication 26:7, pages 443-459.
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Qinghua Yang, Natalie Herbert, Sijia Yang, Julia Alber, Yotam Ophir & Joseph N. Cappella. (2021) The role of information avoidance in managing uncertainty from conflicting recommendations about electronic cigarettes. Communication Monographs 88:3, pages 263-285.
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Chingching Chang. (2021) Fake News: Audience Perceptions and Concerted Coping Strategies. Digital Journalism 9:5, pages 636-659.
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Katherine L. Grasso & Lauren A. Trumbull. (2021) “Hey, Have You Been Tested?” The Influence of Comprehensive or Abstinence-Only Sexuality Education on Safer Sex Communication and Behavior. American Journal of Sexuality Education 16:2, pages 257-281.
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Zihan Wang & Laura M. Arpan. (2021) Group affirmation influences acceptance of environmental risk messages. Applied Environmental Education & Communication 20:2, pages 108-122.
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Yerina S. Ranjit, Haejung Shin, Jennifer M. First & J. Brian Houston. (2021) COVID-19 protective model: the role of threat perceptions and informational cues in influencing behavior. Journal of Risk Research 24:3-4, pages 449-465.
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