1,844
Views
128
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Intake of Refined Carbohydrates and Whole Grain Foods in Relation to Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease

, MD, ScD, FACN
Pages 298-306 | Received 30 Oct 2001, Accepted 19 Nov 2001, Published online: 26 Jun 2013

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (11)

Jielin Zhou, Jie Sheng, Yong Fan, Xingmeng Zhu & Sufang Wang. (2019) Dietary patterns, dietary intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the Hefei Nutrition and Health Study. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 70:4, pages 412-420.
Read now
Abdul-Mutala Fuseini, Mohammad Hossein Rahimi, Mehdi Mollahosseini, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Zhila Maghbooli & Khadijeh Mirzaei. (2018) The Association Between Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and a Body Shape and Fat Distribution Among Apparently Healthy Iranian Adults. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 37:5, pages 415-422.
Read now
Orsolya M. Palacios, Indika Edirisinghe, Meredith L. Wilcox, Britt Burton-Freeman, Di Xiao & Kevin C. Maki. (2018) A Lean Pork-Containing Breakfast Reduces Hunger and Glycemic Response Compared to a Refined Carbohydrate-Containing Breakfast in Adults with Prediabetes. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 37:4, pages 293-301.
Read now
Genyi Zhang & Bruce R. Hamaker. (2017) The nutritional property of endosperm starch and its contribution to the health benefits of whole grain foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57:18, pages 3807-3817.
Read now
Zachary S. Clayton, Kylee R. Scholar, Mahshid Shelechi, Lisa M. Hernandez, Anjee M. Barber, Yumi J. Petrisko, Shirin Hooshmand & Mark Kern. (2015) Influence of Resistance Training Combined with Daily Consumption of an Egg-based or Bagel-based Breakfast on Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases in Healthy Untrained Individuals. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 34:2, pages 113-119.
Read now
S Shobana, NG Malleshi, V Sudha, D Spiegelman, B Hong, FB Hu, WC Willett, K Krishnaswamy & V Mohan. (2011) Nutritional and sensory profile of two Indian rice varieties with different degrees of polishing. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 62:8, pages 800-810.
Read now
Wenbin Liang, Andy H Lee & Colin W Binns. (2009) Tea drinking, diet and ischemic stroke prevention in China: a future perspective. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 7:11, pages 1447-1454.
Read now
Mahesh Venkatachalam, Michael R Kushnick, Genyi Zhang & Bruce R Hamaker. (2009) Starch-Entrapped Biopolymer Microspheres as a Novel Approach to Vary Blood Glucose Profiles. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 28:5, pages 583-590.
Read now
Julie Miller Jones & James W. Anderson. (2008) Grain Foods and Health: A Primer for Clinicians. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 36:1, pages 18-33.
Read now
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Natalia Tzima, Christos Pitsavos, Christina Chrysohoou, Antonis Zampelas, Dimitris Toussoulis & Christodoulos Stefanadis. (2007) The Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Fasting Indices of Glucose Homoeostasis: The ATTICA Study. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 26:1, pages 32-38.
Read now
Lydia A. Bazzano, Mary Serdula & Simin Liu. (2005) Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Diet and Lifestyle Modification. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 24:5, pages 310-319.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (117)

Rebecca K. Kelly, Tammy Y. N. Tong, Cody Z. Watling, Andrew Reynolds, Carmen Piernas, Julie A. Schmidt, Keren Papier, Jennifer L. Carter, Timothy J. Key & Aurora Perez-Cornago. (2023) Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants. BMC Medicine 21:1.
Crossref
Tai Van Ngo, Sandra Kusumawardani, Kannika Kunyanee & Naphatrapi Luangsakul. (2022) Polyphenol-Modified Starches and Their Applications in the Food Industry: Recent Updates and Future Directions. Foods 11:21, pages 3384.
Crossref
J.-P. Zertuche, G. Rabasa, A.H. Lichtenstein, N.R. Matthan, M. Nevitt, J. Torner, C.E. Lewis, Z. Dai, D. Misra & D. Felson. (2022) Alkylresorcinol, a biomarker for whole grain intake, and its association with osteoarthritis: the MOST study. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 30:10, pages 1337-1343.
Crossref
Roberta Ghizzoni, Caterina Morcia, Valeria Terzi, Alberto Gianinetti & Marina Baronchelli. (2022) Indirect Measurement of β-Glucan Content in Barley Grain with Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. Foods 11:13, pages 1846.
Crossref
Debarati Mondal, Monika Awana, Shilpi Aggarwal, Debarup Das, Bejoy Thomas, S.P. Singh, Tara Satyavathi C, Raman M. Sundaram, Anjali Anand, Archana Singh, Archana Sachdev, Shelly Praveen & Veda Krishnan. (2022) Microstructure, matrix interactions, and molecular structure are the key determinants of inherent glycemic potential in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Food Hydrocolloids 127, pages 107481.
Crossref
Kathryn Harris, Francine Overcash, Damien Belobrajdic & Joanne Slavin. (2022) Perspective: Utilizing High Amylose Wheat Flour to Increase Dietary Fiber Intake of Children and Adolescents: A Health by Stealth Approach. Frontiers in Public Health 10.
Crossref
Vera Schmid, Esther Mayer-Miebach, Diana Behsnilian, Karlis Briviba, Heike P. Karbstein & M. Azad Emin. (2022) Enrichment of starch-based extruded cereals with chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace: Influence of processing conditions on techno-functional and sensory related properties, dietary fibre and polyphenol content as well as in vitro digestibility. LWT 154, pages 112610.
Crossref
Kathleen Brewer-SmythKathleen Brewer-Smyth. 2022. Adverse Childhood Experiences. Adverse Childhood Experiences 303 357 .
Jianlou Mu, Axelle Klosek, Margaret A. Brennan, Zhizhou Chen, Xiaodan Hui, Gang Wu & Charles S. Brennan. (2021) The effects of blackcurrant powder ( Ribes nigrum ) supplementation on pasting properties, physicochemical properties, and nutritive values of starch derived from mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.) and pea ( Pisum sativum L.) . International Journal of Food Science & Technology 56:9, pages 4408-4416.
Crossref
Phim on Suklaew, Charoonsri Chusak, Chin-Kun Wang & Sirichai Adisakwattana. (2021) RD43 rice flour: the effect on starch digestibility and quality of noodles, glycemic response, short-acting satiety hormones and appetite control in humans. Food & Function 12:17, pages 7975-7985.
Crossref
Ioanna Kechribari, Meropi D. Kontogianni, Michael Georgoulis, Kallirroi Lamprou, Emmanouil Vagiakis & Nikos Yiannakouris. (2021) Higher refined cereal grain intake is positively associated with apnoea‐hypopnoea index in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics.
Crossref
Georgia Vavouranaki, Evangelos Oikonomou, Michael Andrew Vavuranakis, Emmanuel Vavuranakis, Georgia Vogiatzi, George Lazaros, Sotirios Tsalamandris, Nikolaos Galiatsatos, Panagiotis Theofilis, Mina Santouri & Dimitris Tousoulis. (2021) Relationship between whole grain consumption and arterial stiffness. Results of the Corinthia cross-sectional study. Hellenic Journal of Cardiology 62:3, pages 219-220.
Crossref
Yasuhiro Nishikawa. 2021. New Insights Into Metabolic Syndrome. New Insights Into Metabolic Syndrome.
Sumathi Swaminathan, Mahshid Dehghan, John Michael Raj, Tinku Thomas, Sumathy Rangarajan, David Jenkins, Prem Mony, Viswanathan Mohan, Scott A Lear, Alvaro Avezum, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Annika Rosengren, Fernando Lanas, Khalid F AlHabib, Antonio Dans, Mirac Vural Keskinler, Thandi Puoane, Biju Soman, Li Wei, Katarzyna Zatonska, Rafael Diaz, Noorhassim Ismail, Jephat Chifamba, Roya Kelishadi, Afzalhussein Yusufali, Rasha Khatib, Liu Xiaoyun, Hu Bo, Romaina Iqbal, Rita Yusuf, Karen Yeates, Koon Teo & Salim Yusuf. (2021) Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study. BMJ, pages m4948.
Crossref
Sima Jafarirad & Mehran Rahimlou. 2021. The Neuroscience of Depression. The Neuroscience of Depression 453 461 .
Denise Tan, Andrea Olden, Audrey Orengo, Célia Francey, Vanessa Campos, Flavia Fayet-Moore, Jung Kim & Kim-Anne Lê. (2020) An Assessment of Three Carbohydrate Metrics of Nutritional Quality for Packaged Foods and Beverages in Australia and Southeast Asia. Nutrients 12:9, pages 2771.
Crossref
Wahyudi David, Ardiansyah Ardiansyah, Slamet Budijanto, Johannes Kahl & Carola Strassner. (2020) Bioactive Compounds and Sensory Properties of Organic Rice: The Impact of Degree of Milling. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, pages 391-401.
Crossref
Chanakan Prom-u-thai & Benjavan Rerkasem. (2020) Rice quality improvement. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 40:4.
Crossref
Wahyudi David, Ardiansyah, Slamet Budijanto & Carola Strassner. (2019) Sensory evaluation and nutritional information on organic brown rice. Organic Agriculture 10:2, pages 243-252.
Crossref
Line LyskjærKim OvervadAnne TjønnelandChristina C. Dahm. (2020) Substitutions of Oatmeal and Breakfast Food Alternatives and the Rate of Stroke. Stroke 51:1, pages 75-81.
Crossref
Yunhee Kang, Kyueun Lee, Jieul Lee & Jihye Kim. (2020) Grain Subtype and the Combination of Grains Consumed Are Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Analysis of a Community-Based Prospective Cohort. The Journal of Nutrition 150:1, pages 118-127.
Crossref
Simin Liu & Kenneth Lo. 2020. Creating a Lifestyle Medicine Center. Creating a Lifestyle Medicine Center 267 276 .
Riley L Hughes, Mary E Kable, Maria Marco & Nancy L Keim. (2019) The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Predicting Response to Diet and the Development of Precision Nutrition Models. Part II: Results. Advances in Nutrition 10:6, pages 979-998.
Crossref
Melaku, Reynolds, Gill, Appleton & Adams. (2019) Association between Macronutrient Intake and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: An Iso-Caloric Substitution Analysis from the North West Adelaide Health Study. Nutrients 11:10, pages 2374.
Crossref
Walter C Willett & Simin Liu. (2019) Carbohydrate quality and health: distilling simple truths from complexity. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 110:4, pages 803-804.
Crossref
Areej Alkhaldy, Reem Alamri, Rozana Magadmi, Nrvana Elshini, Rania Hussein & Kamal Alghalayini. (2019) Dietary Adherence of Saudi Males to the Saudi Dietary Guidelines and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Diseases: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 6:2, pages 17.
Crossref
Kimberly M. TippensAndrew ErlandsenDouglas A. HanesRobert GraybillCourtney JacksonJulie BrileyHeather Zwickey. (2019) Impact of a Short-Term Naturopathic Whole-Foods-Based Nutrition Education Intervention on Dietary Behavior and Diabetes Risk Markers: A Pilot Study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 25:2, pages 234-240.
Crossref
Lorea Zubiaga, Ramón Vilallonga, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Antonio Torres & François Pattou. (2018) Importancia del tracto gastrointestinal en la diabetes de tipo 2. La cirugía metabólica es más que incretinas. Cirugía Española 96:9, pages 537-545.
Crossref
Lorea Zubiaga, Ramón Vilallonga, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Antonio Torres & François Pattou. (2018) Importance of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolic Surgery Is More Than Just Incretin Effect. Cirugía Española (English Edition) 96:9, pages 537-545.
Crossref
Senem Suna & Ömer U. Çopur. 2018. Alternative and Replacement Foods. Alternative and Replacement Foods 1 30 .
Yeyi Zhu, Sjurdur F Olsen, Pauline Mendola, Thorhallur I Halldorsson, Edwina H Yeung, Charlotta Granström, Anne A Bjerregaard, Jing Wu, Shristi Rawal, Jorge E Chavarro, Frank B Hu & Cuilin Zhang. (2017) Maternal dietary intakes of refined grains during pregnancy and growth through the first 7 y of life among children born to women with gestational diabetes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 106:1, pages 96-104.
Crossref
Sravya Kallu, Ryan J. Kowalski & Girish M. Ganjyal. (2017) Impacts of Cellulose Fiber Particle Size and Starch Type on Expansion During Extrusion Processing. Journal of Food Science 82:7, pages 1647-1656.
Crossref
N Zhang, S M Du & G S Ma. (2017) Current lifestyle factors that increase risk of T2DM in China. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71:7, pages 832-838.
Crossref
Nam Su Heo, Cheol Hwan Kwak, Hoomin Lee, Dongjoo Kim, Sunmook Lee, Gi-bum Kim, Soonjo Kwon, Woo Sik Kim & Yun Suk Huh. (2017) Simple diagnosis of HbA1c using the dual-plasmonic platform integrated with LSPR and SERS. Journal of Crystal Growth 469, pages 154-159.
Crossref
Akua Amankwaah, R. Sayer, Amy Wright, Ningning Chen, Megan McCrory & Wayne Campbell. (2017) Effects of Higher Dietary Protein and Fiber Intakes at Breakfast on Postprandial Glucose, Insulin, and 24-h Interstitial Glucose in Overweight Adults. Nutrients 9:4, pages 352.
Crossref
Michael A. Close, Leslie A. Lytle & Anthony J. Viera. (2016) Is frequency of fast food and sit-down restaurant eating occasions differentially associated with less healthful eating habits?. Preventive Medicine Reports 4, pages 574-577.
Crossref
Kofi D. Essel, Sirisha Yalamanchi, Erin Hysom & Cara Lichtenstein. (2016) Healthy Homes, Healthy Futures: A Home Visitation Curriculum for Pediatric Residents. MedEdPORTAL.
Crossref
Eun-Ock Park, Mi-Ra Oh, Eun-Kyung Choi, Dong-Hwa Shin, Jae-Kyun Doo, Young-Soo Kim, Young-Min Park, Eun-Soo Jung, Byung-Hyun Park & Soo-Wan Chae. (2016) Mixed grain containing giant embryonic brown rice improves postprandial glycaemic response in healthy subjects. Nutrition & Dietetics 73:2, pages 132-138.
Crossref
Iolanda CioffiLidia SantarpiaAndrea VaccaroRoberto IaconeGiuseppe LabrunaMaurizio MarraFranco ContaldoMette KristensenFabrizio Pasanisi. (2016) Whole-grain pasta reduces appetite and meal-induced thermogenesis acutely: a pilot study. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41:3, pages 277-283.
Crossref
Monika Sharma, Pankaj Dwivedi, Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat & Anil Kumar Dwivedi. 2016. Nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals 79 116 .
Tasleem A. Zafar, Fatima Al-Hassawi, Fatima Al-Khulaifi, Ghanima Al-Rayyes, Carol Waslien & Fatma G. Huffman. (2013) Organoleptic and glycemic properties of chickpea-wheat composite breads. Journal of Food Science and Technology 52:4, pages 2256-2263.
Crossref
Bartłomiej Makowski, Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek & Ewa Nebesny. 2015. Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds. Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds 103 122 .
Kevin C Maki & Alyssa K Phillips. (2015) Dietary Substitutions for Refined Carbohydrate That Show Promise for Reducing Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women1–3. The Journal of Nutrition 145:1, pages 159S-163S.
Crossref
Michael Georgoulis, Meropi D. Kontogianni, Nafsika Tileli, Aikaterini Margariti, Elisabeth Fragopoulou, Dina Tiniakos, Rodessa Zafiropoulou & George Papatheodoridis. (2014) The impact of cereal grain consumption on the development and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. European Journal of Nutrition 53:8, pages 1727-1735.
Crossref
Candida J. Rebello, Frank L. Greenway & John W. Finley. (2014) Whole Grains and Pulses: A Comparison of the Nutritional and Health Benefits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62:29, pages 7029-7049.
Crossref
Sanjay BasuHilary Kessler SeligmanChristopher GardnerJay Bhattacharya. (2014) Ending SNAP Subsidies For Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Could Reduce Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes. Health Affairs 33:6, pages 1032-1039.
Crossref
Natasha Tasevska, Yikyung Park, Li Jiao, Albert Hollenbeck, Amy F Subar & Nancy Potischman. (2014) Sugars and risk of mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 99:5, pages 1077-1088.
Crossref
Yasmin L. M. Zuñiga, Salome A. Rebello, Puay Leng Oi, Huili Zheng, Jeannette Lee, E. Shyong Tai & Rob M. Van Dam. (2013) Rice and noodle consumption is associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia in an Asian population. British Journal of Nutrition 111:6, pages 1118-1128.
Crossref
Mario G. Ferruzzi, Satya S. Jonnalagadda, Simin Liu, Len Marquart, Nicola McKeown, Marla Reicks, Gabriele Riccardi, Chris Seal, Joanne Slavin, Frank Thielecke, Jan-Willem van der Kamp & Densie Webb. (2014) Developing a Standard Definition of Whole-Grain Foods for Dietary Recommendations: Summary Report of a Multidisciplinary Expert Roundtable Discussion. Advances in Nutrition 5:2, pages 164-176.
Crossref
Bo Kyung HanYoung Mi KangSang Hyeon JuMin Young ShinJi Min KimSo Young RhaKyong-Hye JoungJu Hee LeeKoon Soon KimHyun Jin KimBon Jeong Ku. (2014) Effects of Green Whole Grain Mixed Diet on Body Weight and Waist Circumference in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The Korean Journal of Obesity 23:1, pages 41.
Crossref
Thi Nhung BUI, Thi Hop LE, Do Huy NGUYEN, Quang Binh TRAN, Thi Lam NGUYEN, Danh Tuyen LE, Do Van Anh NGUYEN, Anh Linh VU, Hiromichi AOTO, Yasuhide OKUHARA, Yukihiko ITO, Shigeru YAMAMOTO & Mitsuo KISE. (2014) Pre-Germinated Brown Rice Reduced Both Blood Glucose Concentration and Body Weight in Vietnamese Women with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 60:3, pages 183-187.
Crossref
José L. Quiles & Alfonso Varela-López. 2014. Studies on Periodontal Disease. Studies on Periodontal Disease 251 278 .
Faridah Amin & Anwar H Gilani. (2013) Fiber-free white flour with fructose offers a better model of metabolic syndrome. Lipids in Health and Disease 12:1.
Crossref
Xiaojie Hu, Jinlong Gao, Qianyuan Zhang, Yuanqing Fu, Kelei Li, Shankuan Zhu & Duo Li. (2013) Soy fiber improves weight loss and lipid profile in overweight and obese adults: A randomized controlled trial. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 57:12, pages 2147-2154.
Crossref
D. Yu, X.-O. Shu, H. Li, Y.-B. Xiang, G. Yang, Y.-T. Gao, W. Zheng & X. Zhang. (2013) Dietary Carbohydrates, Refined Grains, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Chinese Adults. American Journal of Epidemiology 178:10, pages 1542-1549.
Crossref
Megan C. Hallam & Raylene A. Reimer. (2013) A maternal high-protein diet predisposes female offspring to increased fat mass in adulthood whereas a prebiotic fibre diet decreases fat mass in rats. British Journal of Nutrition 110:9, pages 1732-1741.
Crossref
Helena S Costa, Tânia G Albuquerque, Ana Sanches‐Silva, Effie Vasilopoulou, Antonia Trichopoulou, L Filippo D'Antuono, Iordanka Alexieva, Nadiya Boyko, Carmen Costea, Katerina Fedosova, Osman Hayran, Dmitry Karpenko, Zaza Kilasonia & Paul Finglas. (2013) New nutritional composition data on selected traditional foods consumed in Black Sea Area countries. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 93:14, pages 3524-3534.
Crossref
Dharma E. Cortés, Andreina Millán-Ferro, Karen Schneider, Rodolfo R. Vega & A. Enrique Caballero. (2013) Food Purchasing Selection Among Low-Income, Spanish-Speaking Latinos. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 44:3, pages S267-S273.
Crossref
Alfa Muhihi, Dorothy Gimbi, Marina Njelekela, Emmanuel Shemaghembe, Kissah Mwambene, Faraja Chiwanga, Vasanti S Malik, Nicole M Wedick, Donna Spiegelman, Frank B Hu & Walter C Willett. (2013) Consumption and acceptability of whole grain staples for lowering markers of diabetes risk among overweight and obese Tanzanian adults. Globalization and Health 9:1, pages 26.
Crossref
Siurek Bartłomiej, Rosicka-Kaczmarek Justyna & Nebesny Ewa. (2012) Bioactive compounds in cereal grains – occurrence, structure, technological significance and nutritional benefits – a review. Food Science and Technology International 18:6, pages 559-568.
Crossref
L. Niba. (2012) Enrichment of Whole Grain Foods with Soluble Fiber: Enhancing Health Benefits and Remedying a Critical Shortfall. Cereal Foods World 57:6, pages 256-260.
Crossref
Amin Salehi Abargouei, Naser Kalantari, Nasrin Omidvar, Bahram Rashidkhani, Anahita Houshiar Rad, Azizeh Afkham Ebrahimi, Hossein Khosravi-Boroujeni & Ahmad Esmaillzadeh. (2011) Refined carbohydrate intake in relation to non-verbal intelligence among Tehrani schoolchildren. Public Health Nutrition 15:10, pages 1925-1931.
Crossref
Eva Qing Ye, Sara A. Chacko, Elizabeth L. Chou, Matthew Kugizaki & Simin Liu. (2012) Greater Whole-Grain Intake Is Associated with Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Weight Gain. The Journal of Nutrition 142:7, pages 1304-1313.
Crossref
Eva Qing Ye, Sara A. Chacko, Elizabeth L. Chou, Matthew Kugizaki & Simin Liu. (2012) Greater Whole-Grain Intake Is Associated with Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Weight Gain. The Journal of Nutrition 142:7, pages 1304-1313.
Crossref
Graziano Riccioni, Valeriana Sblendorio, Eugenio Gemello, Barbara Di Bello, Luca Scotti, Salvatore Cusenza & Nicolantonio D’Orazio. (2012) Dietary Fibers and Cardiometabolic Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13:2, pages 1524-1540.
Crossref
Rafael Borneo & Alberto Edel León. (2012) Whole grain cereals: functional components and health benefits. Food Funct. 3:2, pages 110-119.
Crossref
Jerusha Nelson Peterman, Linda Silka, Odilia I. Bermudez, Parke E. Wilde & Beatrice Lorge Rogers. (2011) Acculturation, Education, Nutrition Education, and Household Composition Are Related to Dietary Practices among Cambodian Refugee Women in Lowell, MA. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 111:9, pages 1369-1374.
Crossref
Hyunsook Kim, Maciej Turowski, W. H. Kerr Anderson, Scott A. Young, Yookyung Kim & Wallace Yokoyama. (2011) Supplementation of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose into Yeast Leavened All-Whole Grain Barley Bread Potentiates Cholesterol-Lowering Effect. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59:14, pages 7672-7678.
Crossref
Rubí G. Utrilla‐Coello, Edith Agama‐Acevedo, Perla Osorio‐Díaz, Juscelino Tovar & Luis A. Bello‐Pérez. (2010) Composition and starch digestibility of whole grain bars containing maize or unripe banana flours. Starch - Stärke 63:7, pages 416-423.
Crossref
Satya S. Jonnalagadda, Lisa Harnack, Rui Hai Liu, Nicola McKeown, Chris Seal, Simin Liu & George C. Fahey. (2011) Putting the Whole Grain Puzzle Together: Health Benefits Associated with Whole Grains—Summary of American Society for Nutrition 2010 Satellite Symposium1–3. The Journal of Nutrition 141:5, pages 1011S-1022S.
Crossref
A. Kouidri, K. Kalem, Djilali Larbaoui & Dalila Boudouma. (2011) Effect of Wheat and Barley Bran on Weight and Certain Blood Parameters in Wistar Rats. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, pages 20-29.
Crossref
Carol E O’Neil, Theresa A Nicklas, Michael Zanovec, Susan S Cho & Ronald Kleinman. (2010) Consumption of whole grains is associated with improved diet quality and nutrient intake in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004. Public Health Nutrition 14:2, pages 347-355.
Crossref
A.C. WoodE.K. KabagambeI.B. BoreckiH.K. TiwariJ.M. OrdovasD.K. Arnett. (2011) Dietary Carbohydrate Modifies the Inverse Association between Saturated Fat Intake and Cholesterol on Very Low-Density Lipoproteins. Lipid Insights 4, pages LPI.S7659.
Crossref
Johanna LeppäläHanna Lagström, Anne Kaljonen & Kirsi Laitinen. (2010) Construction and evaluation of a self-contained index for assessment of diet quality. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 38:8, pages 794-802.
Crossref
Rena I. Kosti, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos & Antonis Zampelas. (2010) Ready-to-eat cereals and the burden of obesity in the context of their nutritional contribution: are all ready-to-eat cereals equally healthy? A systematic review. Nutrition Research Reviews 23:2, pages 314-322.
Crossref
Geng Zhang, Vasanti S. Malik, An Pan, Shuba Kumar, Michelle D. Holmes, Donna Spiegelman, Xu Lin & Frank B. Hu. (2010) Substituting Brown Rice for White Rice to Lower Diabetes Risk: A Focus-Group Study in Chinese Adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 110:8, pages 1216-1221.
Crossref
Marianne U Jakobsen, Claus Dethlefsen, Albert M Joensen, Jakob Stegger, Anne Tjønneland, Erik B Schmidt & Kim Overvad. (2010) Intake of carbohydrates compared with intake of saturated fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction: importance of the glycemic index. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91:6, pages 1764-1768.
Crossref
Sangita Sharma, Xia Cao, Cindy Roache, Annie Buchan, Rhonda Reid & Joel Gittelsohn. (2009) Assessing dietary intake in a population undergoing a rapid transition in diet and lifestyle: the Arctic Inuit in Nunavut, Canada. British Journal of Nutrition 103:5, pages 749-759.
Crossref
Mariko TORIMITSU, Ryouhei NAGASE, Megumi YANAGI, Miyuki HOMMA, Yousuke SASAI, Yukihiko ITO, Kousuke HAYAMIZU, Shouta NONAKA, Takashi HOSONO, Mitsuo KISE, Taiichiro SEKI & Toyohiko ARIGA. (2010) Replacing White Rice with Pre-Germinated Brown Rice Mildly Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Imbalance of Adipocytokine Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Model Rats. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 56:5, pages 287-292.
Crossref
Fumiaki Imamura, Alice H Lichtenstein, Gerard E Dallal, James B Meigs & Paul F Jacques. (2009) Generalizability of dietary patterns associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90:4, pages 1075-1083.
Crossref
Christian K. Roberts & Simin Liu. (2009) Effects of Glycemic Load on Metabolic Health and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 3:4, pages 697-704.
Crossref
Anwar T. Merchant, Hassanali Vatanparast, Shahzaib Barlas, Mahshid Dehghan, Syed Mahboob Ali Shah, Lawrence De Koning & Susan E. Steck. (2009) Carbohydrate Intake and Overweight and Obesity among Healthy Adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109:7, pages 1165-1172.
Crossref
Robert E. Schifferle. (2009) Periodontal disease and nutrition: separating the evidence from current fads. Periodontology 2000 50:1, pages 78-89.
Crossref
Helle Hare-Bruun, Birgit M Nielsen, Katrine Grau, Anne L Oxlund & Berit L Heitmann. (2008) Should glycemic index and glycemic load be considered in dietary recommendations?. Nutrition Reviews 66:10, pages 569-590.
Crossref
Linda Van Horn, Mikelle McCoin, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Frances Burke, Jo Ann S. Carson, Catherine M. Champagne, Wahida Karmally & Geeta Sikand. (2008) The Evidence for Dietary Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 108:2, pages 287-331.
Crossref
Marion Priebe, Jaap van Binsbergen, Rien de Vos & Roel J Vonk. (2008) Whole grain foods for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Crossref
A. Kamal-Eldin, P. Aman, J.-X. Zhang, K.-E. Bach Knudsen & K. Poutanen. 2008. Technology of Functional Cereal Products. Technology of Functional Cereal Products 233 260 .
J Mann. (2007) Dietary carbohydrate: relationship to cardiovascular disease and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61:S1, pages S100-S111.
Crossref
K N Englyst, S Liu & H N Englyst. (2007) Nutritional characterization and measurement of dietary carbohydrates. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61:S1, pages S19-S39.
Crossref
Stephanie E Chiuve & Walter C Willett. (2007) The 2005 Food Guide Pyramid: an opportunity lost?. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 4:11, pages 610-620.
Crossref
Frank B. Hu. (2007) Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 50:1, pages 22-24.
Crossref
Darwin Deen & Lisa HarkFrances Burke & Philippe Szapary. 2007. The Complete Guide to Nutrition in Primary Care. The Complete Guide to Nutrition in Primary Care 133 159 .
Deborah D Motton, Nancy L Keim, Fatima A Tenorio, William F Horn & John C Rutledge. (2007) Postprandial monocyte activation in response to meals with high and low glycemic loads in overweight women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 85:1, pages 60-65.
Crossref
LEP Wood. (2006) Review article: Obesity, waist-hip ratio and hunter-gatherers. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 113:10, pages 1110-1116.
Crossref
Helle Hare-Bruun, Anne Flint & Berit L Heitmann. (2006) Glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to changes in body weight, body fat distribution, and body composition in adult Danes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 84:4, pages 871-879.
Crossref
I Flight & P Clifton. (2006) Cereal grains and legumes in the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke: a review of the literature. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60:10, pages 1145-1159.
Crossref
MG Priebe, RJ Vonk, R de Vos & JJ van Binsbergen. 1996. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Joel J. Pins & Joseph M. Keenan. (2007) Dietary and Nutraceutical Options for Managing the Hypertriglyceridemic Patient. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing 21:2, pages 89-93.
Crossref
Majken K Jensen, Pauline Koh-Banerjee, Mary Franz, Laura Sampson, Morten Grønbæk & Eric B Rimm. (2006) Whole grains, bran, and germ in relation to homocysteine and markers of glycemic control, lipids, and inflammation. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 83:2, pages 275-283.
Crossref
T. C. Crowe. (2005) Safety of low-carbohydrate diets. Obesity Reviews 6:3, pages 235-245.
Crossref
Abdulbaset M Nagah & Chris J Seal. (2005) In vitro procedure to predict apparent antioxidant release from wholegrain foods measured using three different analytical methods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85:7, pages 1177-1185.
Crossref
E S Ford, A H Mokdad & S Liu. (2004) Healthy Eating Index and C-reactive protein concentration: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59:2, pages 278-283.
Crossref
Yukihiko Ito, Aya Mizukuchi, Mitsuo Kise, Hiromichi Aoto, Shigeru Yamamoto, Rie Yoshihara & Jyunichi Yokoyama. (2005) Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses to pre-germinated brown rice in healthy subjects. The Journal of Medical Investigation 52:3-4, pages 159-164.
Crossref
Kristin L. Morris & Michael B. Zemel. (2012) Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate Source on the Development of Obesity in Agouti Transgenic Mice ** . Obesity Research 13:1, pages 21-35.
Crossref
Majken K Jensen, Pauline Koh-Banerjee, Frank B Hu, Mary Franz, Laura Sampson, Morten Grønbæk & Eric B Rimm. (2004) Intakes of whole grains, bran, and germ and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80:6, pages 1492-1499.
Crossref
Pauline Koh-Banerjee, Mary Franz, Laura Sampson, Simin Liu, David R JacobsJrJr, Donna Spiegelman, Walter Willett & Eric Rimm. (2004) Changes in whole-grain, bran, and cereal fiber consumption in relation to 8-y weight gain among men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80:5, pages 1237-1245.
Crossref
Tianying Wu, Edward Giovannucci, Tobias Pischon, Susan E Hankinson, Jing Ma, Nader Rifai & Eric B Rimm. (2004) Fructose, glycemic load, and quantity and quality of carbohydrate in relation to plasma C-peptide concentrations in US women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80:4, pages 1043-1049.
Crossref
Adam Drewnowski. (2004) Obesity and the food environment. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 27:3, pages 154-162.
Crossref
Adam DrewnowskiNicole DarmonAndré Briend. (2004) Replacing Fats and Sweets With Vegetables and Fruits—A Question of Cost. American Journal of Public Health 94:9, pages 1555-1559.
Crossref
A. Maretha Opperman, Christina S. Venter, Welma Oosthuizen, Rachel L. Thompson & Hester H. Vorster. (2007) Meta-analysis of the health effects of using the glycaemic index in meal-planning. British Journal of Nutrition 92:3, pages 367-381.
Crossref
Matthias B Schulze, Simin Liu, Eric B Rimm, JoAnn E Manson, Walter C Willett & Frank B Hu. (2004) Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80:2, pages 348-356.
Crossref
Adam Drewnowski & Anne Barratt-Fornell. (2004) Do Healthier Diets Cost More?. Nutrition Today 39:4, pages 161-168.
Crossref
Matthias B. Schulze & Frank B. Hu. (2004) Dietary Approaches to Prevent the Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Care 27:2, pages 613-614.
Crossref
Adam Drewnowski & SE Specter. (2004) Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79:1, pages 6-16.
Crossref
Simin Liu, Walter C Willett, JoAnn E Manson, Frank B Hu, Bernard Rosner & Graham Colditz. (2003) Relation between changes in intakes of dietary fiber and grain products and changes in weight and development of obesity among middle-aged women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78:5, pages 920-927.
Crossref
Lydia A. Bazzano, Mary K. Serdula & Simin Liu. (2003) Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables and risk of cardiovascular disease. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 5:6, pages 492-499.
Crossref
Simin Liu. (2003) Whole-grain foods, dietary fiber, and type 2 diabetes: searching for a kernel of truth,. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77:3, pages 527-529.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.