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AIDS Care
Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV
Volume 18, 2006 - Issue 7
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Original Articles

Unprotected intercourse for extra money among commercial sex workers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

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Pages 777-785 | Published online: 18 Jan 2007

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Read on this site (9)

Molefi Motsoeneng. (2021) Violence and HIV among female street sex workers in South Africa. Journal of Psychology in Africa 31:1, pages 93-97.
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Lauren Parmley, Rebecca Fielding-Miller, Zandile Mnisi & Caitlin E Kennedy. (2019) Obligations of motherhood in shaping sex work, condom use, and HIV care among Swazi female sex workers living with HIV. African Journal of AIDS Research 18:3, pages 254-257.
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Silvia Carlos, Cristina Lopez-del Burgo, Eduardo Burgueño, Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Alfonso Osorio, Adolphe Ndarabu, Clément Passabosc & Jokin de Irala. (2017) Male condom use, multiple sexual partners and HIV: a prospective case-control study in Kinshasa (DRC). AIDS Care 29:6, pages 772-781.
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Katherine A. Muldoon, Monica Akello, Godfrey Muzaaya, Annick Simo, Jean Shoveller & Kate Shannon. (2017) Policing the epidemic: High burden of workplace violence among female sex workers in conflict-affected northern Uganda. Global Public Health 12:1, pages 84-97.
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E. N. Ngugi, E. Roth, Theresa Mastin, M. G. Nderitu & Seema Yasmin. (2012) Female sex workers in Africa: Epidemiology overview, data gaps, ways forward. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 9:3, pages 148-153.
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Elizabeth Ngugi, Cecilia Benoit, Helga Hallgrimsdottir, Mikael Jansson & Eric Abella Roth. (2012) Partners and clients of female sex workers in an informal urban settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Culture, Health & Sexuality 14:1, pages 17-30.
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CatherineS. Todd, Abdul Nasir, MohammadR. Stanekzai, PaulT. Scott, NicoleC. Close, BoulosA. Botros, SteffanieA. Strathdee & Jeffrey Tjaden. (2011) HIV awareness and condom use among female sex workers in Afghanistan: implications for intervention. AIDS Care 23:3, pages 348-356.
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Adela de la Torre, Arthur Havenner, Katherine Adams & Justin Ng. (2010) Premium Sex: Factors Influencing the Negotiated Price of Unprotected Sex by Female Sex Workers in Mexico. Journal of Applied Economics 13:1, pages 67-90.
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Articles from other publishers (53)

Marissa Salazar, Jay G Silverman, María Gudelia Rangel Gómez, Lianne A Urada, Kimberly C Brouwer & Elizabeth Reed. (2023) Substance use, economic vulnerability, and HIV/STI risk among female sex workers in Mexico. International Journal of STD & AIDS.
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Sezi Mubezi, Gallican N. Rwibasira, Jeanne Uwineza, Jean de Dieu Kayisinga, Manasseh G. Wandera, Samuel S. Malamba, Chrispus Mayora & Joseph K. B. Matovu. (2023) Factors associated with retention on pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Kigali, Rwanda. PLOS Global Public Health 3:11, pages e0002524.
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Hiroyuki Yamada, Yuki Kanayama, Kanako Yoshikawa & Kyaw Wai Aung. (2023) Risk attitude, risky behaviour and price determination in the sex market: A case study of Yangon, Myanmar. Pacific Economic Review.
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Elizabeth Reed, Brooke S. West, Elizabeth Frost, Marissa Salazar, Jay G. Silverman, Craig T. McIntosh, María Gudelia Rangel Gómez, Lianne A. Urada & Kimberly C. Brouwer. (2022) Economic vulnerability, violence, and sexual risk factors for HIV among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico. AIDS and Behavior 26:10, pages 3210-3219.
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Rashmi Gupta, Jemima Jacob & Gaurav Bansal. (2021) The Role of UBI in Mitigating the Effects of Psychosocial Stressors: A Review and Proposal. Psychological Reports 125:4, pages 1801-1823.
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Brooke S. West, Brandy F. Henry, Niloufar Agah, Alicia Vera, Leo Beletsky, M Gudelia Rangel, Hugo Staines, Thomas L. Patterson & Steffanie A. Strathdee. (2020) Typologies and Correlates of Police Violence Against Female Sex Workers Who Inject Drugs at the México–United States Border: Limits of De Jure Decriminalization in Advancing Health and Human Rights . Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37:11-12, pages NP8297-NP8324.
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Kalonde Malama, Matt A. Price, Luis Sagaon-Teyssier, Rachel Parker, Kristin M. Wall, Amanda Tichacek, Tyronza Sharkey, William Kilembe, Mubiana Inambao, Bruno Spire & Susan Allen. (2021) Evolution of Condom Use Among a 5-Year Cohort of Female Sex Workers in Zambia. AIDS and Behavior 26:2, pages 470-477.
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Jacob Kazungu, Marlise Richter, Stanley Luchters, Matthew F. Chersich & Matthew Quaife. (2022) The economics of sex work and major sporting events: Learning from the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Social Sciences & Humanities Open 5:1, pages 100251.
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Marisa Felsher, Eliza Ziegler, K. Rivet Amico, Adam Carrico, Jennie Coleman & Alexis M. Roth. (2021) “PrEP just isn't my priority”: Adherence challenges among women who inject drugs participating in a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstration project in Philadelphia, PA USA. Social Science & Medicine 275, pages 113809.
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Brooke S. West, Anne M. Montgomery & Allison R. Ebben. 2021. Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights. Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights 207 230 .
R. Pérez-Figueroa, I. Mittal, M. Halpern, M. Pérez-Mencia, Y. Donastorg, B.S. Taylor & S. Amesty. (2020) Drug use, sexual risk, and structural vulnerability among female sex workers in two urban centers of the Dominican Republic: The EPIC study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 212, pages 108039.
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Anna L Bowring, Frances H Ampt, Sheree Schwartz, Mark A Stoové, Stanley Luchters, Stefan Baral & Margaret Hellard. (2020) HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis for female sex workers: ensuring women’s family planning needs are not left behind. Journal of the International AIDS Society 23:2.
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Sara E Clingan, Dennis G Fisher, Kholoud Hardan-Khalil, Grace L Reynolds, Loucine Huckabay, Christine Costa, William C Pedersen & Mark E Johnson. (2019) Health implications of sex trading characteristics in Long Beach, California, USA. International Journal of STD & AIDS 30:7, pages 647-655.
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Lauren Parmley, Amrita Rao, Zamakayise Kose, Andy Lambert, Ryan Max, Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya, Mfezi Mcingana, Harry Hausler, Stefan Baral & Sheree Schwartz. (2019) Antenatal care presentation and engagement in the context of sex work: exploring barriers to care for sex worker mothers in South Africa. Reproductive Health 16:S1.
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Jean Olivier Twahirwa Rwema, Carrie E. Lyons, Sosthenes Ketende, Anna L. Bowring, Amrita Rao, Carly Comins, Daouda Diouf, Fatou M. Drame, Benjamin Liestman, Karleen Coly, Cheikh Ndour, Gnilane Turpin, Souleymane Mboup, Coumba Toure-Kane, Delivette Castor, Nafissatou Leye-Diouf, Halimatou Diop-Ndiaye & Stefan Baral. (2019) Characterizing the Influence of Structural Determinants of HIV Risk on Consistent Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers in Senegal. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 81:1, pages 63-71.
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Andrea Mantsios, Noya Galai, Jessie Mbwambo, Samuel Likindikoki, Catherine Shembilu, Ard Mwampashi, S. W. Beckham, Anna Leddy, Wendy Davis, Susan Sherman, Caitlin Kennedy & Deanna Kerrigan. (2018) Community Savings Groups, Financial Security, and HIV Risk Among Female Sex Workers in Iringa, Tanzania. AIDS and Behavior 22:11, pages 3742-3750.
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Anna M. Leddy, Carol Underwood, Michele R. Decker, Jessie Mbwambo, Samuel Likindikoki, Noya Galai & Deanna Kerrigan. (2018) Adapting the Risk Environment Framework to Understand Substance Use, Gender-Based Violence, and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Female Sex Workers in Tanzania. AIDS and Behavior 22:10, pages 3296-3306.
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Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Ruchira Bhattacharya, Yamini Atmavilas & Niranjan Saggurti. (2018) Measuring vulnerability among female sex workers in India using a multidimensional framework. PLOS ONE 13:9, pages e0204055.
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Alyssa Ferguson, Kate Shannon, Jennifer Butler & Shira M. Goldenberg. (2017) A comprehensive review of HIV/STI prevention and sexual and reproductive health services among sex Workers in Conflict-Affected Settings: call for an evidence- and rights-based approach in the humanitarian response. Conflict and Health 11:1.
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Jean De Dieu Longo, Marcel Mbeko Simaleko, Henri Saint-Calvaire Diemer, Gérard Grésenguet, Gilles Brücker & Laurent Belec. (2017) Risk factors for HIV infection among female sex workers in Bangui, Central African Republic. PLOS ONE 12:11, pages e0187654.
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A Reeves, S Steele, D Stuckler, M McKee, A Amato-Gauci & JC Semenza. (2017) Gender violence, poverty and HIV infection risk among persons engaged in the sex industry: cross-national analysis of the political economy of sex markets in 30 European and Central Asian countries. HIV Medicine 18:10, pages 748-755.
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Argentina E. Servin, Elizabeth Reed, Kimberly C. Brouwer, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Sabrina Boyce, Steffanie A. Strathdee & Jay G. Silverman. (2017) Motherhood and Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female Sex Workers in the Mexico-US Border Region. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 44:8, pages 477-482.
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Manoochehr Karami, Salman Khazaei, Jalal Poorolajal, Alireza Soltanian & Mansour Sajadipoor. (2017) Estimating the Population Size of Female Sex Worker Population in Tehran, Iran: Application of Direct Capture–Recapture Method. AIDS and Behavior 21:8, pages 2394-2400.
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Jan E. Cooper, William H. Dow, Damien de Walque, Ann C. Keller, Sandra I. McCoy, Lia C.H. Fernald, Marianna P. Balampama, Admirabilis Kalolella, Laura J. Packel, Wendee M. Wechsberg & Emily J. Ozer. (2017) Female sex workers use power over their day-to-day lives to meet the condition of a conditional cash transfer intervention to incentivize safe sex. Social Science & Medicine 181, pages 148-157.
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Daniella Barreto, Kate Shannon, Chrissy Taylor, Sabina Dobrer, Jessica St. Jean, Shira M. Goldenberg, Putu Duff & Kathleen N. Deering. (2016) Food Insecurity Increases HIV Risk Among Young Sex Workers in Metro Vancouver, Canada. AIDS and Behavior 21:3, pages 734-744.
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Dipak Suryawanshi, Varun Sharma, Niranjan Saggurti & Shalini Bharat. (2015) FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LIKELIHOOD OF FURTHER MOVEMENT AMONG MOBILE FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN INDIA: A MULTINOMIAL LOGIT APPROACH. Journal of Biosocial Science 48:4, pages 539-556.
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Aleksandra Jakubowski, Eunice Omanga, Kawango Agot & Harsha Thirumurthy. (2016) Large Price Premiums for Unprotected Sex Among Female Sex Workers in Kenya. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 72:1, pages e20-e22.
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Brooke S. West, Daniela Abramovitz, Hugo Staines, Alicia Vera, Thomas L. Patterson & Steffanie A. Strathdee. (2015) Predictors of Injection Cessation and Relapse among Female Sex Workers who Inject Drugs in Two Mexican-US Border Cities. Journal of Urban Health 93:1, pages 141-154.
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Ashley L. Grosso, Esther L. Lei, Sosthenes C. Ketende, Sarah Peitzmeier, Krystal Mason, Nuha Ceesay, Daouda Diouf, Fatou Maria Drame, Jaegan Loum, Erin Papworth & Stefan Baral. (2015) Correlates of condom use among female sex workers in The Gambia: results of a cross-sectional survey. PeerJ 3, pages e1076.
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Nabila El-Bassel & Steffanie A. Strathdee. (2015) Women Who Use or Inject Drugs. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 69:Supplement 2, pages S182-S190.
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Steffanie A. Strathdee, Brooke S. West, Elizabeth Reed, Babak Moazan, Tasnim Azim & Kate Dolan. (2015) Substance Use and HIV Among Female Sex Workers and Female Prisoners. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 69:Supplement 2, pages S110-S117.
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Mida Kautako-Kiambi, Mathilde B. Ekila, Smith Kama-Lemba, Roger Wumba & Michel N. Aloni. (2015) Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV in Rural Area of Democratic Republic of the Congo: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Survey among Service Users. Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015, pages 1-5.
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J. Elmes, K. Nhongo, H. Ward, T. Hallett, C. Nyamukapa, P. J. White & S. Gregson. (2014) The Price of Sex: Condom Use and the Determinants of the Price of Sex Among Female Sex Workers in Eastern Zimbabwe. Journal of Infectious Diseases 210:suppl 2, pages S569-S578.
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J. T. F. Lau, H. Zhou, X. Y. Su, T. J. Feng, F. C. Hong, H. Y. Tsui, Y. L. Ma, Z. Wang & D. Walden. (2014) Condoms Used But Sex Not Well Protected. AIDS and Behavior 18:10, pages 1934-1944.
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Elizabeth Reed, Kaveh Khoshnood, Kim M. Blankenship & Celia B. Fisher. (2014) Confidentiality, Privacy, and Respect: Experiences of Female Sex Workers Participating in HIV Research in Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 9:1, pages 19-28.
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Shalini Bharat, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Suchismita Roy & Niranjan Saggurti. (2013) Are Female Sex Workers Able to Negotiate Condom Use with Male Clients? The Case of Mobile FSWs in Four High HIV Prevalence States of India. PLoS ONE 8:6, pages e68043.
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Kristin L. Dunkle & Michele R. Decker. (2013) Gender-Based Violence and HIV: Reviewing the Evidence for Links and Causal Pathways in the General Population and High-risk Groups. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 69, pages 20-26.
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E. Reed, J. G. Silverman, B. Stein, J. T. Erausquin, M. Biradavolu, A. Rosenberg & K. M. Blankenship. (2012) Motherhood and HIV Risk Among Female Sex Workers in Andhra Pradesh, India: The Need to Consider Women’s Life Contexts. AIDS and Behavior 17:2, pages 543-550.
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Matthew F Chersich, Stanley Luchters, Innocent Ntaganira, Antonio Gerbase, Ying-Ru Lo, Fiona Scorgie & Richard Steen. (2013) Priority interventions to reduce HIV transmission in sex work settings in sub-Saharan Africa and delivery of these services. Journal of the International AIDS Society 16:1, pages 17980.
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Kaveri Gurav & James Blanchard. (2013) Disease, Death and <i>Dhandha: Gharwali’s</i> Perspectives on the Impact of AIDS on <i>Devadasi</i> System and the Sex Work in South India. World Journal of AIDS 03:01, pages 26-32.
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E Reed, J Gupta, M Biradavolu & K M Blankenship. (2012) Migration/mobility and risk factors for HIV among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India: implications for HIV prevention. International Journal of STD & AIDS 23:4, pages e7-e13.
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Eleanor Maticka-Tyndale. (2012) Condoms in sub-Saharan Africa. Sexual Health 9:1, pages 59.
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Suvakanta N Swain, Niranjan Saggurti, Madhusudana Battala, Ravi K Verma & Anrudh K Jain. (2011) Experience of violence and adverse reproductive health outcomes, HIV risks among mobile female sex workers in India. BMC Public Health 11:1.
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D L Lang, L F Salazar, R J DiClemente, K Markosyan & N Darbinyan. (2011) Predictors of condom errors among sex workers in Armenia. International Journal of STD & AIDS 22:3, pages 126-130.
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Fátima A. Muñoz, Robin A. Pollini, María Luisa Zúñiga, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Remedios Lozada, Gustavo A. Martínez, Ana M. Valles-Medina, Nicole Sirotin & Thomas L. Patterson. (2010) Condom Access: Associations with Consistent Condom Use among Female Sex Workers in Two Northern Border Cities of Mexico. AIDS Education and Prevention 22:5, pages 455-465.
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Elizabeth Reed, Jhumka Gupta, Monica Biradavolu, Vasavi Devireddy & Kim M. Blankenship. (2010) The Context of Economic Insecurity and its Relation to Violence and Risk Factors for HIV among Female Sex Workers in Andhra Pradesh, India. Public Health Reports 125:4_suppl, pages 81-89.
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Kate ShannonSteffanie A. StrathdeeJean ShovellerMelanie RuschThomas KerrMark W. Tyndall. (2009) Structural and Environmental Barriers to Condom Use Negotiation With Clients Among Female Sex Workers: Implications for HIV-Prevention Strategies and Policy. American Journal of Public Health 99:4, pages 659-665.
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Bo Wang, Xiaoming Li, James McGuire, Vafa Kamali, Xiaoyi Fang & Bonita Stanton. (2009) Understanding the Dynamics of Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers in China. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 36:3, pages 134-140.
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Bea Vuylsteke, Anjana Das, Gina Dallabetta & Marie Laga. 2009. HIV Prevention. HIV Prevention 376 406 .

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