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AIDS Care
Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV
Volume 27, 2015 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

“What makes you think you have special privileges because you are a police officer?” A qualitative exploration of police's role in the risk environment of female sex workers

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Pages 473-480 | Received 26 May 2014, Accepted 18 Sep 2014, Published online: 31 Oct 2014

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (8)

Jacquelyn Burckley, Michelle Jeanis & Bryanna Fox. (2023) On the Illegality of Sex Work and the Impact on Victimization, Health, and Human Trafficking: Is Criminalization a Cure or Disease?. Victims & Offenders 18:3, pages 572-585.
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Nicole Herpai, Lisa Lazarus, Evelyn Forget, Olga Balakireva, Daria Pavlova, Leigh McClarty, Robert Lorway, Michael Pickles, Shajy Isac, Paul Sandstrom, Sevgi Aral, Sharmistha Mishra, Huiting Ma, James Blanchard & Marissa Becker. (2022) Exploring the dynamics of workplace typologies for sex workers in Eastern Ukraine. Global Public Health 17:9, pages 2034-2053.
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Lucas Enrique Espinoza, Luis Enrique Espinoza, Rosalva Resendiz, Noe Leal$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Jennifer L. Talleff, Zoraya Berlanga Aguilar, Rebecca Rouse & Kathleen Ayako Anangwe. (2022) Intimate partner violence incidents reporting by female minorities in the United States. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 20:3, pages 209-226.
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Jennifer Lavalley, Alex B. Collins, Samara Mayer, Laurel Gaudette, Andrea Krüsi, Ryan McNeil & Jade Boyd. (2021) Negotiating sex work and client interactions in the context of a fentanyl-related overdose epidemic. Culture, Health & Sexuality 23:10, pages 1390-1405.
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Catherine Tomko, Danielle Friedman Nestadt, Saba Rouhani, Bradley E. Silberzahn, Katherine Haney, Ju Nyeong Park, Noya Galai, Carmen H. Logie & Susan G. Sherman. (2021) Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Construct Validity of the Internalized Sex Work Stigma Scale among a Cohort of Cisgender Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The Journal of Sex Research 58:6, pages 713-723.
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Ediomo-Ubong E. Nelson. (2020) The lived experience of violence and health-related risks among street sex workers in Uyo, Nigeria. Culture, Health & Sexuality 22:9, pages 1018-1031.
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Jennifer L. Kenney. (2020) Women Who Abuse Substances and How They Perceive Their Interactions with the Police. Social Work in Public Health 35:1-2, pages 21-32.
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Teresa C. Kulig & Leah C. Butler. (2019) From “Whores” to “Victims”: The Rise and Status of Sex Trafficking Courts. Victims & Offenders 14:3, pages 299-321.
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Articles from other publishers (47)

Menaka Raguparan. (2022) Resisting State Violence by Making Room for Police Officers’ Benevolence: Canadian Indoor Sex Workers of Colour Share Their Experiences. Feminist Legal Studies 31:2, pages 171-189.
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Randi Singer, Sarah Abboud, Amy K. Johnson, Jessica L. Zemlak, Natasha Crooks, Sangeun Lee, Johannes Wilson, Della Gorvine, Jahari Stamps, Douglas Bruce, Susan G. Sherman, Alicia K. Matthews & Crystal L. Patil. (2023) Experiences of Sex Workers in Chicago during COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20:11, pages 5948.
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Sean T. Allen, Rebecca Hamilton White, Danielle F. Nestadt, Catherine Tomko, Michele R. Decker & Susan G. Sherman. (2022) Who Asks About HIV/STI Status?: An Analysis of Women Who Sell Sex and Inject Drugs. AIDS and Behavior 27:5, pages 1666-1673.
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Ediomo-Ubong E. Nelson. (2023) Police Extortion and Drug Dealers’ Negotiation Strategies: Exploring the Accounts of Street-Level Dealers in Nigeria. International Criminal Justice Review, pages 105756772311548.
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Danielle Friedman Nestadt, Kristin E. Schneider, Catherine Tomko & Susan G. Sherman. (2023) Criminalization and coercion: sexual encounters with police among a longitudinal cohort of women who exchange sex in Baltimore, Maryland. Harm Reduction Journal 20:1.
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April Miin Miin Chai, Julien Chopin, Lorena Molnar & Eric Beauregard. (2023) Unraveling the Sexual Victimization of Sex Workers: A Latent Class Analysis Through the Lens of Environmental Criminology. Crime & Delinquency, pages 001112872311515.
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Claire Chen, Stefan Baral, Carly A. Comins, Mfezi Mcingana, Linwei Wang, Deliwe Rene Phetlhu, Ntambue Mulumba, Vijay Guddera, Katherine Young, Sharmistha Mishra, Harry Hausler & Sheree R. Schwartz. (2022) HIV- and sex work-related stigmas and quality of life of female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infectious Diseases 22:1.
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Trena I. Mukherjee, Andrea Norcini Pala, Assel Terlikbayeva, Alissa Davis, Andrea A. Howard, Tara McCrimmon, Guakhar Mergenova, Sholpan Primbetova, Susan S. Witte & Nabila El-Bassel. (2022) Social and structural determinants of health associated with police violence victimization: A latent class analysis of female sex workers who use drugs in Kazakhstan. International Journal of Drug Policy 106, pages 103750.
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Jessica Xavier, Alissa Greer, Bernadette Pauly, Jackson Loyal, Zahra Mamdani, Emma Ackermann, Skye Barbic & Jane A. Buxton. (2022) “There are solutions and I think we're still working in the problem”: The limitations of decriminalization under the good Samaritan drug overdose act and lessons from an evaluation in British Columbia, Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy 105, pages 103714.
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Danielle F. Nestadt, Catherine Tomko, Kristin E. Schneider, Deanna Kerrigan, Michele R. Decker & Susan G. Sherman. (2020) Co-occurring Threats to Agency Among Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37:11-12, pages NP8818-NP8843.
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Mehrdad Khezri, Fatemeh Tavakoli, Azam Bazrafshan, Hamid Sharifi & Mostafa Shokoohi. (2022) Condomless Sex With Partners and Clients Among Female Sex Workers in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 33:1, pages 63-77.
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Susan G. Sherman, Catherine Tomko, Bradley E. Silberzahn, Rebecca Hamilton White, Danielle Friedman Nestadt, Emily Clouse, Katherine Haney & Noya Galai. (2021) The role of local business employees and community members in the HIV risk environment of female sex workers in an urban setting: associations between negative interactions and inconsistent condom use. BMC Public Health 21:1.
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Aimee Wodda & Vanessa R. Panfil. (2021) Sex‐positive criminology: Possibilities for legal and social change. Sociology Compass 15:11.
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Jessie Chien, Kristin E. Schneider, Catherine Tomko, Noya Galai, Sahnah Lim & Susan G. Sherman. (2021) Patterns of Sex Work Client Solicitation Settings and Associations with HIV/STI Risk Among a Cohort of Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland. AIDS and Behavior 25:10, pages 3386-3397.
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Marcelo Ryngelblum & Maria Fernanda Tourinho Peres. (2021) Social segregation and lethal police violence in the city of São Paulo, Brazil (2014-2015). Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 26:9, pages 4275-4286.
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Danielle Friedman Nestadt, Ju Nyeong Park, Noya Galai, S. W. Beckham, Michele R. Decker, Jessica Zemlak & Susan G. Sherman. (2021) Sex Workers as Mothers: Correlates of Engagement in Sex Work to Support Children. Global Social Welfare 8:3, pages 251-261.
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Sarah M. Peitzmeier, Andrea L. Wirtz, Chris Beyrer, Alena Peryshkina, Susan G. Sherman, Elizabeth Colantuoni & Michele R. Decker. (2019) Polyvictimization Among Russian Sex Workers: Intimate Partner, Police, and Pimp Violence Cluster With Client Violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36:15-16, pages NP8056-NP8081.
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Alexis V. Rivera, Sidney A. Carrillo & Sarah L. Braunstein. (2018) Individual, Environmental, and Early Life Factors Associated With Client-Perpetrated Violence Among Women Who Exchange Sex in New York City, 2016. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36:11-12, pages NP6065-NP6084.
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Michele Decker, Saba Rouhani, Ju Nyeong Park, Noya Galai, Katherine Footer, Rebecca White, Sean Allen & Susan Sherman. (2021) Incidence and predictors of violence from clients, intimate partners and police in a prospective US-based cohort of women in sex work. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 78:3, pages 160-166.
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Anna-Louise Crago, Chris Bruckert, Melissa Braschel & Kate Shannon. (2021) Sex Workers’ Access to Police Assistance in Safety Emergencies and Means of Escape from Situations of Violence and Confinement under an “End Demand” Criminalization Model: A Five City Study in Canada. Social Sciences 10:1, pages 13.
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Susan G. Sherman, Danielle Friedman Nestadt, Bradley E. Silberzahn, Michele Decker, Ju Nyeong Park & Katherine H.A. Footer. (2021) The Role of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Police as Clients Among Street-Based Female Sex Workers in Baltimore City. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 48:1, pages 12-18.
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Joseph Friedman, Jennifer L. Syvertsen, Philippe Bourgois, Alex Bui, Leo Beletsky & Robin Pollini. (2021) Intersectional structural vulnerability to abusive policing among people who inject drugs: A mixed methods assessment in California's central valley. International Journal of Drug Policy 87, pages 102981.
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Ediomo-Ubong E. Nelson. 2021. Health Communication and Disease in Africa. Health Communication and Disease in Africa 181 204 .
Rosie Campbell & Teela SandersRosie Campbell & Teela Sanders. 2021. Sex Work and Hate Crime. Sex Work and Hate Crime 125 138 .
Rosie Campbell & Teela SandersRosie Campbell & Teela Sanders. 2021. Sex Work and Hate Crime. Sex Work and Hate Crime 85 105 .
Elena Argento, Kay Thi Win, Bronwyn McBride & Kate Shannon. 2021. Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights. Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights 41 59 .
Bradley E. Silberzahn, Miles B. Morris, Katelyn E. Riegger, Rebecca Hamilton White, Catherine A. Tomko, Ju Nyeong Park, Katherine H.A. Footer, Steven S. Huettner & Susan G. Sherman. (2020) Barriers and facilitators to retaining a cohort of street-based cisgender female sex workers recruited in Baltimore, Maryland, USA: results from the SAPPHIRE study. BMC Public Health 20:1.
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Rosie Campbell, Lucy Smith, Becky Leacy, Miriam Ryan & Billie Stoica. (2020) Not collateral damage: Trends in violence and hate crimes experienced by sex workers in the Republic of Ireland. Irish Journal of Sociology 28:3, pages 280-313.
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Rebecca Hamilton White, Ju Nyeong Park, Noya Galai, Michele R. Decker, Sean T. Allen, Katherine H.A. Footer & Susan G. Sherman. (2020) Short-term interruptions to sex work among a prospective cohort of street-based cisgender female sex workers in Baltimore. International Journal of Drug Policy 84, pages 102858.
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Charvonne N. Holliday, Geoffrey Kahn, Roland J. ThorpeJrJr, Roma Shah, Zaynab Hameeduddin & Michele R. Decker. (2019) Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Police Reporting for Partner Violence in the National Crime Victimization Survey and Survivor-Led Interpretation. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 7:3, pages 468-480.
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Mark C. Bicket, Ju Nyeong Park, Arissa Torrie, Sean T. Allen, Brian W. Weir & Susan G. Sherman. (2020) Factors associated with chronic pain and non-medical opioid use among people who inject drugs. Addictive Behaviors 102, pages 106172.
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Michele R. Decker, Ju Nyeong Park, Sean T. Allen, Bradley Silberzahn, Katherine Footer, Steven Huettner, Noya Galai & Susan G. Sherman. (2019) Inconsistent Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers: Partner-specific Influences of Substance Use, Violence, and Condom Coercion. AIDS and Behavior 24:3, pages 762-774.
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Katherine H. A. Footer, Ju Nyeong Park, Saba Rouhani, Noya Galai, Bradley E. Silberzahn, Steven Huettner, Sean T. Allen & Susan G. Sherman. (2020) The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City. PLOS ONE 15:1, pages e0227809.
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Alexander H. Updegrove, Lisa R. Muftic & Nicole Niebuhr. (2018) Criminal Justice System Outcomes for Buyers, Sellers, and Facilitators of Commercial Sex in Houston, Texas. Crime & Delinquency 65:11, pages 1596-1618.
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Cecilia Benoit, Michaela Smith, Mikael Jansson, Priscilla Healey & Doug Magnuson. (2018) “The Prostitution Problem”: Claims, Evidence, and Policy Outcomes. Archives of Sexual Behavior 48:7, pages 1905-1923.
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Sean T. Allen, Katherine H. A. Footer, Noya Galai, Ju Nyeong Park, Bradley Silberzahn & Susan G. Sherman. (2018) Implementing Targeted Sampling: Lessons Learned from Recruiting Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, MD. Journal of Urban Health 96:3, pages 442-451.
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Susan G. Sherman, Ju Nyeong Park, Noya Galai, Sean T. Allen, Steve S. Huettner, Bradley E. Silberzahn, Michele R. Decker, Tonia C. Poteat & Katherine H.A. Footer. (2019) Drivers of HIV Infection Among Cisgender and Transgender Female Sex Worker Populations in Baltimore City: Results From the SAPPHIRE Study. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 80:5, pages 513-521.
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Katherine H. A. FooterJu Nyeong ParkSean T. AllenMichele R. DeckerBradley E. SilberzahnSteve HuettnerNoya GalaiSusan G. Sherman. (2019) Police-Related Correlates of Client-Perpetrated Violence Among Female Sex Workers in Baltimore City, Maryland. American Journal of Public Health 109:2, pages 289-295.
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Abenaa A. Jones, T. V. Dyer, A. Das, S. O. Lasopa, C. W. Striley & L. B. Cottler. (2018) Risky Sexual Behaviors, Substance Use, and Perceptions of Risky Behaviors Among Criminal Justice Involved Women Who Trade Sex. Journal of Drug Issues 49:1, pages 15-27.
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Lucy Platt, Pippa Grenfell, Rebecca Meiksin, Jocelyn Elmes, Susan G. Sherman, Teela Sanders, Peninah Mwangi & Anna-Louise Crago. (2018) Associations between sex work laws and sex workers’ health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies. PLOS Medicine 15:12, pages e1002680.
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Michele R. Decker, Catherine Tomko, Erin Wingo, Anne Sawyer, Sarah Peitzmeier, Nancy Glass & Susan G. Sherman. (2017) A brief, trauma-informed intervention increases safety behavior and reduces HIV risk for drug-involved women who trade sex. BMC Public Health 18:1.
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Michele R. Decker, Jennifer E. Nail, Sahnah Lim, Katherine Footer, Wendy Davis & Susan G. Sherman. (2017) Client and Partner Violence Among Urban Female Exotic Dancers and Intentions for Seeking Support and Justice. Journal of Urban Health 94:5, pages 637-647.
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Cecilia Benoit, Michaela Smith, Mikael Jansson, Samantha Magnus, Nadia Ouellet, Chris Atchison, Lauren Casey, Rachel Phillips, Bill Reimer, Dan Reist & Frances M. Shaver. (2016) Lack of Confidence in Police Creates a “Blue Ceiling” for Sex Workers' Safety. Canadian Public Policy 42:4, pages 456-468.
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Michele R. Decker & Susan G. Sherman. (2016) Breaking the Silence: Recognizing Sexual Violence in Criminal Justice Reform. Journal of Urban Health 93:4, pages 719-721.
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Nick Crofts & David Patterson. (2016) Police, Law Enforcement and HIV. Journal of the International AIDS Society 19, pages 21260.
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Katherine HA Footer, Bradley E Silberzahn, Kayla N Tormohlen & Susan G Sherman. (2016) Policing practices as a structural determinant for HIV among sex workers: a systematic review of empirical findings. Journal of the International AIDS Society 19:4S3.
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Kim M. Blankenship, Erica Reinhard, Susan G. Sherman & Nabila El-Bassel. (2015) Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention Among Women Who Use Drugs. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 69:Supplement 2, pages S140-S145.
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