195
Views
80
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Post‐irradiation approaches to treatment of radiation injuries in the context of radiological terrorism and radiation accidents: a review

Pages 3-10 | Received 17 Sep 2003, Accepted 15 Oct 2003, Published online: 03 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (3)

Qing-Jie Liu, De-Qin Zhang, Qing-Zhao Zhang, Jiang-Bin Feng, Xue Lu, Xin-Ru Wang, Kun-Peng Li, De-Qing Chen, Xiao-Feng Mu, Shuang Li & Ling Gao. (2015) Dose-effect of ionizing radiation-induced PIG3 gene expression alteration in human lymphoblastoid AHH-1 cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. International Journal of Radiation Biology 91:1, pages 71-80.
Read now
Sanchita P. Ghosh, Shilpa Kulkarni, Kevin Hieber, Raymond Toles, Lyudmila Romanyukha, Tzu-Cheg Kao, Martin Hauer-Jensen & K. Sree kumar. (2009) Gamma-tocotrienol, a tocol antioxidant as a potent radioprotector. International Journal of Radiation Biology 85:7, pages 598-606.
Read now
T. Maclachlan, B. Narayanan, V. L. Gerlach, G. Smithson, R. W. Gerwien, O. Folkerts, E. G. Fey, B. Watkins, T. Seed & E. Alvarez. (2005) Human fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF-20; CG53135-05): A novel cytoprotectant with radioprotective potential. International Journal of Radiation Biology 81:8, pages 567-579.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (77)

Gregory R. Ciottone & George A. Alexander. 2024. Ciottone's Disaster Medicine. Ciottone's Disaster Medicine 492 497 .
Roland F. Seim, Laura E. Herring, Angie L. Mordant, Micah L. Willis, Shannon M. Wallet, Leon G. ColemanJrJr & Robert Maile. (2023) Involvement of extracellular vesicles in the progression, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of whole-body ionizing radiation-induced immune dysfunction. Frontiers in Immunology 14.
Crossref
Lotem Buchbinder, Hanan Datz, Nir Dayan, Raanan Carmieli & Aharon Blank. (2021) The Potential of Pulsed Electron Spin Resonance for Tooth-Based Retrospective Biodosimetry. Applied Magnetic Resonance 53:7-9, pages 989-1014.
Crossref
Milad Haghani, Erica Kuligowski, Abbas Rajabifard & Peter Lentini. (2022) Fifty years of scholarly research on terrorism: Intellectual progression, structural composition, trends and knowledge gaps of the field. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 68, pages 102714.
Crossref
Michaela R. Hoffmeyer, Kristin Gillis, Jin G. Park, Vel Murugan & Joshua LaBaer. (2021) Making the Case for Absorbed Radiation Response Biodosimetry – Utility of a High-Throughput Biodosimetry System. Radiation Research 196:5.
Crossref
Hofer, Hoferová & Falk. (2019) Brief Story on Prostaglandins, Inhibitors of their Synthesis, Hematopoiesis, and Acute Radiation Syndrome. Molecules 24:22, pages 4019.
Crossref
Shwetanjali Nimker, Kanupriya SharmaRadha SaraswathySudhir Chandna. (2019) Delineating the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Erythropoietic Lineage—Implications for Radiation Biodosimetry. Health Physics 116:5, pages 677-693.
Crossref
Keywan Mortezaee, Dheyauldeen Shabeeb, Ahmed E. Musa, Masoud Najafi & Bagher Farhood. (2019) Metformin as a Radiation Modifier; Implications to Normal Tissue Protection and Tumor Sensitization. Current Clinical Pharmacology 14:1, pages 41-53.
Crossref
Bagher Farhood, Nasser Hashemi Goradel, Keywan Mortezaee, Neda Khanlarkhani, Ensieh Salehi, Maryam Shabani Nashtaei, Dheyauldeen Shabeeb, Ahmed Eleojo Musa, Hengameh Fallah & Masoud Najafi. (2018) Intercellular communications-redox interactions in radiation toxicity; potential targets for radiation mitigation. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling 13:1, pages 3-16.
Crossref
Nataliya Uzlenkova. (2019) New pharmacological means of radiation protection (literature review). JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE.
Crossref
Angela Kinoshita, Oswaldo Baffa & Sérgio Mascarenhas. (2018) Electron spin resonance (ESR) dose measurement in bone of Hiroshima A-bomb victim. PLOS ONE 13:2, pages e0192444.
Crossref
Jan SlezakBranislav KuraPavel BabalMiroslav BarancikMiroslav FerkoKarel FrimmelBarbora KalocayovaRakesh C. KukrejaAntigone LazouLucia MezesovaLudmila OkruhlicovaTanya RavingerovaPawan K. SingalBarbara Szeiffova BacovaCsilla ViczenczovaNorbert VrbjarNarcis Tribulova. (2017) Potential markers and metabolic processes involved in the mechanism of radiation-induced heart injury. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 95:10, pages 1190-1203.
Crossref
Shuang Li, Qing-Zhao Zhang, De-Qin Zhang, Jiang-Bin Feng, Qun Luo, Xue Lu, Xin-Ru Wang, Kun-Peng Li, De-Qing Chen, Xiao-Feng Mu, Ling Gao & Qing-Jie Liu. (2017) GDF-15 gene expression alterations in human lymphoblastoid cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes following exposure to ionizing radiation. Molecular Medicine Reports 15:6, pages 3599-3606.
Crossref
Michal Hofer, Zuzana Hoferová, Daniel Depeš & Martin Falk. (2017) Combining Pharmacological Countermeasures to Attenuate the Acute Radiation Syndrome—A Concise Review. Molecules 22:5, pages 834.
Crossref
Merriline Satyamitra, Vidya P. Kumar, Shukla Biswas, Lynnette Cary, Leonora Dickson, Srinivasan Venkataraman & Sanchita P. Ghosh. (2017) Impact of Abbreviated Filgrastim Schedule on Survival and Hematopoietic Recovery after Irradiation in Four Mouse Strains with Different Radiosensitivity. Radiation Research 187:6, pages 659.
Crossref
J. Raber, M.J. Davis, T. Pfankuch, R. Rosenthal, S.R. Doctrow & J.E. Moulder. (2017) Mitigating effect of EUK-207 on radiation-induced cognitive impairments. Behavioural Brain Research 320, pages 457-463.
Crossref
Yongkan Ki, Wontaek Kim, Yong Ho Kim, Donghyun Kim, Jin Sook Bae, Dahl Park, Hosang Jeon, Ju Hye Lee, Jayoung Lee & Jiho Nam. (2017) Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Radiation Nephropathy in Rats. Journal of Korean Medical Science 32:5, pages 757.
Crossref
George A. Alexander. 2016. Ciottone's Disaster Medicine. Ciottone's Disaster Medicine 462 467 .
Timothy J. Robinson & Bridget F. Koontz. 2016. Redox-Active Therapeutics. Redox-Active Therapeutics 499 508 .
Carla Kantara, Stephanie M Moya, Courtney W Houchen, Shahid Umar, Robert L Ullrich, Pomila Singh & Darrell H Carney. (2015) Novel regenerative peptide TP508 mitigates radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage by activating stem cells and preserving crypt integrity. Laboratory Investigation 95:11, pages 1222-1233.
Crossref
Dong-Min Chung, S. M. Nasir Uddin, Jin-Hong Kim & Jin Kyu Kim. (2015) [6]-Gingerol prevents gamma radiation-induced cell damage in HepG2 cells. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 305:1, pages 323-328.
Crossref
Michal Hofer, Milan Pospíšil, Ladislav Dušek, Zuzana Hoferová & Denisa Komůrková. (2014) Combined pharmacological therapy of the acute radiation disease using a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and an adenosine A3 receptor agonist. Open Life Sciences 9:6, pages 642-646.
Crossref
Sudha Rana, Mita Dutta, Navneet Sharma, Rajeev Goel, Abdul Wadood Khan, Sabna Kotta, Javed Ali, Shahid Husain Ansari, Sarwat Sultana & Rakesh Kumar Sharma. (2014) Scintigraphic Evaluation of Decontamination Lotion for Removal of Radioactive Contamination From Skin. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8:2, pages 130-135.
Crossref
Michal Hofer, Milan Pospíšil, Ladislav Dušek, Zuzana Hoferová & Denisa Komůrková. (2013) Agonist of the adenosine A3 receptor, IB-MECA, and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, meloxicam, given alone or in a combination early after total body irradiation enhance survival of γ-irradiated mice. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 53:1, pages 211-215.
Crossref
David L. Bolduc, Vilmar Villa, David J. Sandgren, G. David Ledney, William F. Blakely & Rolf Bünger. (2014) Application of Multivariate Modeling for Radiation Injury Assessment: A Proof of Concept. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2014, pages 1-17.
Crossref
Xiang Hong Li, Sanchita P. Ghosh, Cam T. Ha, Dadin Fu, Thomas B. Elliott, David L. Bolduc, Vilmar Villa, Mark H. Whitnall, Michael R. Landauer & Mang Xiao. (2013) Delta-Tocotrienol Protects Mice from Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury. Radiation Research 180:6, pages 649-657.
Crossref
Ralph Pietrofesa, Jason Turowski, Sonia Tyagi, Floyd Dukes, Evguenia Arguiri, Theresa M Busch, Shannon M Gallagher-Colombo, Charalambos C Solomides, Keith A Cengel & Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou. (2013) Radiation mitigating properties of the lignan component in flaxseed. BMC Cancer 13:1.
Crossref
H. Tavakoli, M. Manoochehri, S. M. Modarres Mosalla, M. Ghafori & A. A. Karimi. (2012) Dose-dependent and gender-related radiation-induced transcription alterations of Gadd45a and Ier5 inhuman lymphocytes exposed to gamma ray emitted by 60Co. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 154:1, pages 37-44.
Crossref
V. K. Singh, P. K. Singh, S. Y. Wise, A. Posarac & O. O. Fatanmi. (2012) Radioprotective properties of tocopherol succinate against ionizing radiation in mice. Journal of Radiation Research 54:2, pages 210-220.
Crossref
Jonathan Hoggatt, Pratibha Singh, Kayla N. Stilger, P. Artur Plett, Carol H. Sampson, Hui Lin Chua, Christie M. Orschell & Louis M. Pelus. (2013) Recovery from hematopoietic injury by modulating prostaglandin E2 signaling post-irradiation. Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases 50:3, pages 147-153.
Crossref
Xinyue Lu, Dilber Nurmemet, David L Bolduc, Thomas B Elliott & Juliann G Kiang. (2013) Radioprotective effects of oral 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in mice: bone marrow and small intestine. Cell & Bioscience 3:1, pages 36.
Crossref
Dhanya K. ChandrasekharanCherupally Krishnan Krishnan Nair. (2012) Studies on Silver Nanoparticle–Glycyrrhizic Acid Complex as a Radioprotector and an Adjuvant in Radiotherapy Under In Vivo Conditions . Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals 27:10, pages 642-651.
Crossref
M Satyamitra, P Ney, J GravesIIIIII, C Mullaney & V Srinivasan. (2012) Mechanism of radioprotection by δ -tocotrienol: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and modulation of signalling pathways . The British Journal of Radiology 85:1019, pages e1093-e1103.
Crossref
M. Medhora, F. Gao, B. L. Fish, E. R. Jacobs, J. E. Moulder & A. Szabo. (2012) Dose-modifying factor for captopril for mitigation of radiation injury to normal lung. Journal of Radiation Research 53:4, pages 633-640.
Crossref
Xiaodong Yang, Ilango Balakrishnan, Beverly Torok-Storb & Manoj M. Pillai. (2012) Marrow Stromal Cell Infusion Rescues Hematopoiesis in Lethally Irradiated Mice despite Rapid Clearance after Infusion. Advances in Hematology 2012, pages 1-5.
Crossref
Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou, Sonia Tyagi, Kay-See Tan, Sarah Hagan, Ralph Pietrofesa, Floyd Dukes, Evguenia Arguiri, Daniel F Heitjan, Charalambos C Solomides & Keith A Cengel. (2011) Dietary flaxseed administered post thoracic radiation treatment improves survival and mitigates radiation-induced pneumonopathy in mice. BMC Cancer 11:1.
Crossref
Michal Hofer, Milan Pospíšil, Ladislav Dušek, Zuzana Hoferová & Lenka Weiterová. (2011) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 promotes the stimulatory action of adenosine A3 receptor agonist on hematopoiesis in sublethally γ-irradiated mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 65:6, pages 427-431.
Crossref
Ki-Yeul Nam, Jong-Dae Park & Jae-Eul Choi. (2011) Radioprotective Potential of Panax ginseng: Current Status and Future Prospectives. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 19:4, pages 287-299.
Crossref
M. Hofer, M. Pospíšil, L. Dušek, Z. Hoferová & L. Weiterová. (2011) A Single Dose of an Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase 2, Meloxicam, Administered Shortly after Irradiation Increases Survival of Lethally Irradiated Mice. Radiation Research 176:2, pages 269-272.
Crossref
Merriline Satyamitra, Eric Lombardini, John Graves, Conor Mullaney, Patrick Ney, Jeffrey Hunter, Krista Johnson, Paul Tamburini, Yi Wang, Jeremy P. Springhorn & Venkataraman Srinivasan. (2011) A TPO Receptor Agonist, ALXN4100TPO, Mitigates Radiation-Induced Lethality and Stimulates Hematopoiesis in CD2F1 Mice. Radiation Research 175:6, pages 746.
Crossref
Dhanya K. ChandrasekharanPawan K. KhannaTsutomu V. KagiyaCherupally Krishnan Krishnan Nair. (2011) Synthesis of Nanosilver Using a Vitamin C Derivative and Studies on Radiation Protection. Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals 26:2, pages 249-257.
Crossref
Eduardo G. Yukihara & Stephen W. S. McKeever. 2011. Optically Stimulated Luminescence. Optically Stimulated Luminescence 317 354 .
Jamunarani Veeraraghavan, Mohan Natarajan, Terence S. Herman & Natarajan Aravindan. (2011) Low-dose γ-radiation-induced oxidative stress response in mouse brain and gut: Regulation by NFκB–MnSOD cross-signaling. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 718:1-2, pages 44-55.
Crossref
Sreedevi Balakrishnan, kapil Shirsath, Nagesh Bhat & Kshiti Anjaria. (2010) Biodosimetry for high dose accidental exposures by drug induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) assay. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 699:1-2, pages 11-16.
Crossref
S.M. Moyes, J.F. Morris & K.E. Carr. (2010) Culture conditions and treatments affect Caco-2 characteristics and particle uptake. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 387:1-2, pages 7-18.
Crossref
K X Hu, Q Y Sun, M Guo & H S Ai. (2010) The radiation protection and therapy effects of mesenchymal stem cells in mice with acute radiation injury. The British Journal of Radiology 83:985, pages 52-58.
Crossref
J.-M. Bertho, M. Souidi & P. Gourmelon. (2009) Bio-indicateurs potentiels d’atteinte multi-organe : application au cas des victimes d’irradiation accidentelles. Médecine Nucléaire 33:9, pages 558-570.
Crossref
Chris O. Wambi, Jenine K. Sanzari, Carly M. Sayers, Manunya Nuth, Zhaozong Zhou, James Davis, Niklas Finnberg, Joan S. Lewis-Wambi, Jeffrey H. Ware, Wafik S. El-Deiry & Ann R. Kennedy. (2009) Protective Effects of Dietary Antioxidants on Proton Total-Body Irradiation-Mediated Hematopoietic Cell and Animal Survival. Radiation Research 172:2, pages 175-186.
Crossref
Yong Zhang, Chaohua Guo, Hongbin Zhang & Shiwu Dong. (2009) Synergistic protecting effect of cord blood CD34+ cells over-expressing both interleukin-3 and Flt3 ligand on lethally irradiated mice. International Journal of Hematology 90:1, pages 64-73.
Crossref
Marek Lenarczyk, Eric P. Cohen, Brian L. Fish, Amy A. Irving, Mukut Sharma, Collin D. Driscoll & John E. Moulder. (2009) Chronic Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism for Radiation Nephropathy. Radiation Research 171:2, pages 164-172.
Crossref
Pavel Kuna, Zdeněk Hon & Jiří Patočka. (2009) How Serious Is Threat of Radiological Terrorism?. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 52:3, pages 85-89.
Crossref
M. Ahmad Chaudhry. (2008) Biomarkers for human radiation exposure. Journal of Biomedical Science 15:5, pages 557-563.
Crossref
M KUNIAK, T AZIZOVA, R DAY, N WALD, J SUYAMA, A ZHANG, M V SUMINA, V S PESTERNIKOVA, E VASILENKO, A SOAITA & D M SLAUGHTER. (2008) The Radiation Injury Severity Classification system: an early injury assessment tool for the frontline health-care provider. The British Journal of Radiology 81:963, pages 232-243.
Crossref
Yulia Y. Tyurina, Vladimir A. Tyurin, Michael W. Epperly, Joel S. Greenberger & Valerian E. Kagan. (2008) Oxidative lipidomics of γ-irradiation-induced intestinal injury. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 44:3, pages 299-314.
Crossref
Kenji TAKAHASHI, Satoru MONZEN, Hironori YOSHINO, Yoshinao ABE, Kiyomi, EGUCHI-KASAI & Ikuo KASHIWAKURA. (2008) Effects of a 2-step Culture with Cytokine Combinations on Megakaryocytopoiesis and Thrombopoiesis from Carbon-ion Beam-irradiated Human Hematopoietic Stem/progenitor Cells. Journal of Radiation Research 49:4, pages 417-424.
Crossref
Regina M. DAY, Michal BARSHISHAT-KUPPER, Steven R. MOG, Elizabeth A. MCCART, P. G. S. PRASANNA, Thomas A. DAVIS & Michael R. LANDAUER. (2008) Genistein Protects Against Biomarkers of Delayed Lung Sequelae in Mice Surviving High-Dose Total Body Irradiation. Journal of Radiation Research 49:4, pages 361-372.
Crossref
Eric P. Cohen, Melissa M. Joines & John E. Moulder. 2008. Late Effects of Cancer Treatment on Normal Tissues. Late Effects of Cancer Treatment on Normal Tissues 69 76 .
C. Norman Coleman. 2008. Late Effects of Cancer Treatment on Normal Tissues. Late Effects of Cancer Treatment on Normal Tissues 11 17 .
W Zhao, D I Diz & M E Robbins. (2007) Oxidative damage pathways in relation to normal tissue injury. The British Journal of Radiology 80:special_issue_1, pages S23-S31.
Crossref
Joseph Albanese, Kelly Martens, Jeffrey L. Arnold, Katherine Kelley, Virginia Kristie, Elaine Forte, Mark Schneider & Nicholas Dainiak. (2007) Building Connecticut's clinical biodosimetry laboratory surge capacity to mitigate the health consequences of radiological and nuclear disasters: A collaborative approach between the state biodosimetry laboratory and Connecticut's medical infrastructure. Radiation Measurements 42:6-7, pages 1138-1142.
Crossref
Weiling Zhao, Samy Iskandar, Mitra Kooshki, Jessica G. Sharpe, Valerie Payne & Mike E. Robbins. (2007) Knocking Out Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) α Inhibits Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in the Mouse Kidney through Activation of NF-κB and Increased Expression of IAPs. Radiation Research 167:5, pages 581-591.
Crossref
John E. Moulder & Eric P. Cohen. (2007) Future Strategies for Mitigation and Treatment of Chronic Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Injury. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 17:2, pages 141-148.
Crossref
Francis Hérodin, Nancy Grenier & Michel Drouet. (2007) Revisiting therapeutic strategies in radiation casualties. Experimental Hematology 35:4, pages 28-33.
Crossref
M.E.C. Robbins & W. Zhao. 2007. Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders 135 164 .
Samir Ataya, Jean Elwing, Paul Biddinger & Ralph J. Panos. (2006) Radiation-Induced Lung Injury. Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 13:4, pages 232-242.
Crossref
M. E. Berger, D. M. Christensen, P. C. Lowry, O. W. Jones & A. L. Wiley. (2006) Medical management of radiation injuries: current approaches. Occupational Medicine 56:3, pages 162-172.
Crossref
J.-M. Bertho. (2006) Le syndrome hématopoïétique induit par une irradiation accidentelle : évaluation et traitements possibles. Radioprotection 41:2, pages 215-227.
Crossref
Jaspreet Singh Jaggi, Surya V. Seshan, Michael R. McDevitt, George Sgouros, Elizabeth Hyjek & David A. Scheinberg. (2006) Mitigation of radiation nephropathy after internal α-particle irradiation of kidneys. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 64:5, pages 1503-1512.
Crossref
Yuhchyau Chen, Andy Trotti, C. Norman Coleman, Mitchell Machtay, Rene O. Mirimanoff, John Hay, Peter C. O’Brien, Brahim El-Gueddari, Joao V. Salvajoli & Branislav Jeremic. (2006) Adverse event reporting and developments in radiation biology after normal tissue injury: International Atomic Energy Agency consultation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 64:5, pages 1442-1451.
Crossref
Teresa Grande & Juan A. Bueren. (2006) The mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors to peripheral blood is predictive of the hematopoietic syndrome after total or partial body irradiation of mice. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 64:2, pages 612-618.
Crossref
Mukut Sharma, Ellen T. McCarthy, Ram Sharma, Brian L. Fish, Virginia J. Savin, Eric P. Cohen & John E. Moulder. (2016) Arachidonic Acid Metabolites Mediate the Radiation-Induced Increase in Glomerular Albumin Permeability. Experimental Biology and Medicine 231:1, pages 99-106.
Crossref
George A. Alexander. 2006. Disaster Medicine. Disaster Medicine 399 405 .
David C. Cone & Kristi L. Koenig. (2005) Mass casualty triage in the chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear environment. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 12:6, pages 287-302.
Crossref
Francis Hérodin & Michel Drouet. (2005) Cytokine-based treatment of accidentally irradiated victims and new approaches. Experimental Hematology 33:10, pages 1071-1080.
Crossref
Nitin Motilal Gandhi & Cherupally Krishnan Krishnan Nair. (2005) Protection of DNA and membrane from gamma radiation induced damage by gallic acid. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 278:1-2, pages 111-117.
Crossref
N Cordes & V Meineke. (2005) Modification of the cellular radiation survival and proliferation response by cell-matrix interactions: implications for integrin targeting in therapeutic approaches for radiation accident patients. The British Journal of Radiology Supplement_27:1, pages 152-156.
Crossref
C. Norman ColemanHelen B. StoneJohn E. MoulderTerry C. Pellmar. (2004) Modulation of Radiation Injury. Science 304:5671, pages 693-694.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.