980
Views
84
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effect of heterotrophic growth on autotrophic nitrogen removal in a granular sludge reactor

, , &
Pages 1027-1037 | Received 25 Apr 2013, Accepted 21 Oct 2013, Published online: 25 Nov 2013

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (7)

L. S. Azevedo, T. Bressani-Ribeiro, C. A. L. Chernicharo & J. C. Araújo. (2021) Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox as post-treatment of anaerobic effluents under warm climate regions: a critical review of the reported drawbacks. Environmental Technology Reviews 10:1, pages 143-160.
Read now
Zhi-Hua Li, Yuan-Mo Zhu, Ya-Li Zhang, Yu-Rong Zhang, Chun-Bo He & Cheng-Jian Yang. (2019) Characterization of aerobic granular sludge of different sizes for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Environmental Technology 40:27, pages 3622-3631.
Read now
Celia M. Castro-Barros, Long T. Ho, Mari K. H. Winkler & Eveline I. P. Volcke. (2018) Integration of methane removal in aerobic anammox-based granular sludge reactors. Environmental Technology 39:13, pages 1615-1625.
Read now
Luis Corbalá-Robles, Cristian Picioreanu, Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht & Julio Pérez. (2016) Analysing the effects of the aeration pattern and residual ammonium concentration in a partial nitritation-anammox process. Environmental Technology 37:6, pages 694-702.
Read now
Xiaojing Zhang, Dong Li, Yuhai Liang & Jie Zhang. (2016) Reactor performance and microbial characteristics of CANON process with step-wise increasing of C/N ratio. Environmental Technology 37:3, pages 407-414.
Read now
Marcin Spychała & Justyna Starzyk. (2015) Bacteria in non-woven textile filters for domestic wastewater treatment. Environmental Technology 36:8, pages 937-945.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (77)

Sheng-Qiang Fan, Wan-Ru Wen, Guo-Jun Xie, Yang Lu, Wen-Bo Nie, Bing-Feng Liu, De-Feng Xing, Jun Ma & Nan-Qi Ren. (2023) Revisiting the Engineering Roadmap of Nitrate/Nitrite-Dependent Anaerobic Methane Oxidation. Environmental Science & Technology.
Crossref
Da Kang, Xinyu Wan, Meng Zhang, Shuang Ding, Ping Zheng & Yongzhen Peng. (2023) Medium-sized anammox granules achieve the optimal synergism between AnAOB and HDB via nitrite cycle. Journal of Cleaner Production 426, pages 139103.
Crossref
Weihai Pang, Huiping Li, Yingying He, Baiqin Zhou, Chi Ji, Tian Li, Xi Wang & Li Xie. (2023) Nitrate reduction pathways and microbial community to different COD/NO3−-N ratios in mesophilic and thermophilic denitrification systems. Journal of Water Process Engineering 53, pages 103797.
Crossref
Hussein E. Al-Hazmi, Xi Lu, Dominika Grubba, Joanna Majtacz, Michael Badawi & Jacek Mąkinia. (2023) Sustainable nitrogen removal in anammox-mediated systems: Microbial metabolic pathways, operational conditions and mathematical modelling. Science of The Total Environment 868, pages 161633.
Crossref
Mohammad Shaiful Alam Amin, Md. Salatul Islam Mozumder, Frank Stüber, Jaume Giralt, Agustí Fortuny, Azael Fabregat & Josep Font. (2023) Biofilm model development and process analysis of anaerobic bio-digestion of azo dyes. Environmental Technology & Innovation 29, pages 102962.
Crossref
Mohamad-Javad Mehrani, Dominika Sobotka, Przemyslaw Kowal, Jianhua Guo & Jacek Mąkinia. (2022) New insights into modeling two-step nitrification in activated sludge systems – The effects of initial biomass concentrations, comammox and heterotrophic activities. Science of The Total Environment 848, pages 157628.
Crossref
D. Montecchio, M.R. Mattei, G. Esposito, G. Andreottola & R. Ferrentino. (2022) Mathematical modelling of an intermittent anoxic/aerobic MBBR: Estimation of nitrification rates and energy savings. Journal of Environmental Management 321, pages 116026.
Crossref
Tugba Sari, Deniz Akgul & Bulent Mertoglu. (2022) Accumulation of TiO2 nanoparticles in the anammox bioreactor: Their effects on treatment performance and microbial dynamics. Biochemical Engineering Journal 187, pages 108595.
Crossref
Md. S. I. Mozumder, S. Shahreyar, S. Islam, T. Sen, J. Dey & S. Islam. (2021) Functionality of denitrification with minerals composition, process conditions and microbial community. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 19:10, pages 9691-9702.
Crossref
Ahmed Elsayed, Jaecheul Yu, Taeho Lee & Younggy Kim. (2022) Model study on real-time aeration based on nitrite for effective operation of single-stage anammox. Environmental Research 212, pages 113554.
Crossref
Preeyaporn Pornkulwat, Eakalak Khan, Sorawit Powtongsook, Wuttichai Mhuantong, Chamorn Chawengkijwanich & Tawan Limpiyakorn. (2022) Influence of ammonia and NaCl on nitrifying community and activity: Implications for formulating nitrifying culture augmentation. Science of The Total Environment 833, pages 155132.
Crossref
Xinyu Wan & Eveline I.P. Volcke. (2022) Dynamic modelling of N 2 O emissions from a full‐scale granular sludge partial nitritation‐anammox reactor . Biotechnology and Bioengineering 119:6, pages 1426-1438.
Crossref
Jinyuan Ma, Kaijun Wang, Chuan Shi, Yue Liu, Cheng Yu, Kuo Fang, Xiangyun Fu, Quan Yuan, Yuan Zhou & Hui Gong. (2022) A novel anammox aggregate nourished sustainably internal heterotrophic nitrate removal pathway with endogenous carbon source. Bioresource Technology 346, pages 126525.
Crossref
Fabiana Russo, Alberto Tenore, Maria Rosaria Mattei & Luigi Frunzo. (2022) Multiscale modelling of the start-up process of anammox-based granular reactors. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19:10, pages 10374-10406.
Crossref
XiaoTong Wang, Hong Yang, Yang Su & XuYan Liu. (2022) Effect of the form of granular sludge and temperature on anammox immobilized fillers: From performance to microbial community analysis. Science of The Total Environment 803, pages 149754.
Crossref
Imran Hossain & M. Belal Hossain. (2021) Community structure of macrobenthos in homestead ponds of Noakhali coast, Bangladesh. Acta Ecologica Sinica 41:6, pages 611-619.
Crossref
Xinyu Wan, Michele Laureni, Mingsheng Jia & Eveline I.P. Volcke. (2021) Impact of organics, aeration and flocs on N2O emissions during granular-based partial nitritation-anammox. Science of The Total Environment 797, pages 149092.
Crossref
Ying-yu Li, Xiao-wu Huang & Xiao-yan Li. (2021) Use of a packed-bed biofilm reactor to achieve rapid formation of anammox biofilms for high-rate nitrogen removal. Journal of Cleaner Production 321, pages 128999.
Crossref
Xueming Chen, Pengfei Huo, Jinzhong Liu, Fuyi Li, Linyan Yang, Xianhui Li, Wei Wei, Yiwen Liu & Bing-Jie Ni. (2021) Model predicted N2O production from membrane-aerated biofilm reactor is greatly affected by biofilm property settings. Chemosphere 281, pages 130861.
Crossref
Wenru Liu, Qian Wang, Yaoliang Shen & Dianhai Yang. (2021) Enhancing the in-situ enrichment of anammox bacteria in aerobic granules to achieve high-rate CANON at low temperatures. Chemosphere 278, pages 130395.
Crossref
Anna Lanzetta, Davide Mattioli, Francesco Di Capua, Gianpaolo Sabia, Luigi Petta, Giovanni Esposito, Gianni Andreottola, Giovanni Gatti, Willy Merz & Michela Langone. (2021) Anammox-Based Processes for Mature Leachate Treatment in SBR: A Modelling Study. Processes 9:8, pages 1443.
Crossref
T. Bressani-Ribeiro, P.G.S. Almeida, C.A.L. Chernicharo & E.I.P. Volcke. (2021) Inorganic carbon limitation during nitrogen conversions in sponge-bed trickling filters for mainstream treatment of anaerobic effluent. Water Research 201, pages 117337.
Crossref
Xinyu Wan, Janis E. Baeten, Michele Laureni & Eveline I.P. Volcke. (2021) Ammonium-based aeration control improves nitrogen removal efficiency and reduces N2O emissions for partial nitritation-anammox reactors. Chemosphere 274, pages 129720.
Crossref
Yang-Fan Deng, Wen-Tao Tang, Hao Huang, Jin Qian, Di Wu & Guang-Hao Chen. (2021) Development of a kinetic model to evaluate thiosulfate-driven denitrification and anammox (TDDA) process. Water Research 198, pages 117155.
Crossref
Daniel Hosseinlou. (2021) Determination of design loading rates for simultaneous anaerobic oxidation/partial nitrification–denitrification process and application in treating dairy industry effluent. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9:3, pages 105176.
Crossref
Natalia Rey-Martínez, Aloia Barreiro-López, Albert Guisasola & Juan A. Baeza. (2021) Comparing continuous and batch operation for high-rate treatment of urban wastewater. Biomass and Bioenergy 149, pages 106077.
Crossref
Lushen Zuo, Hong Yao, Huayu Li, Fangxu Jia, Wei Wei, Yiwen Liu, Bing-Jie Ni & Xueming Chen. (2021) Modeling of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process with salt and glycine betaine addition. Chemosphere 264, pages 128474.
Crossref
Hussein E. Al-Hazmi, Xi Lu, Joanna Majtacz, Przemyslaw Kowal, Li Xie & Jacek Makinia. (2020) Optimization of the Aeration Strategies in a Deammonification Sequencing Batch Reactor for Efficient Nitrogen Removal and Mitigation of N 2 O Production . Environmental Science & Technology 55:2, pages 1218-1230.
Crossref
Madihah Saud Humoud, Sagar Roy & Somenath Mitra. (2020) Enhanced Performance of Carbon Nanotube Immobilized Membrane for the Treatment of High Salinity Produced Water via Direct Contact Membrane Distillation. Membranes 10:11, pages 325.
Crossref
Chongjun Chen, Jingyu Wen, Min Zhang, Mabruk Adams, Ji Ma & Guoying Zhu. (2020) Using pH as a single indicator for evaluating/controlling nitritation systems under influence of major operational parameters. Water Science and Technology.
Crossref
Wenjing Chen, Shengdong Chen & Jun Wu. (2020) Biomass segregation in the granules and flocs affects the role of heterotrophic bacteria in the ANAMMOX process. Chemical Engineering Journal 392, pages 123727.
Crossref
Mingsheng Jia, Kimberly Solon, Daan Vandeplassche, Harisankar Venugopal & Eveline I.P. Volcke. (2020) Model-based evaluation of an integrated high-rate activated sludge and mainstream anammox system. Chemical Engineering Journal 382, pages 122878.
Crossref
Hussain Aqeel, David G. Weissbrodt, Marta Cerruti, Gideon M. Wolfaardt, Britt-Marie Wilén & Steven N. Liss. (2019) Drivers of bioaggregation from flocs to biofilms and granular sludge. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 5:12, pages 2072-2089.
Crossref
Xueming Chen, Gürkan Sin & Bing-Jie Ni. (2019) Impact of granule size distribution on nitrous oxide production in autotrophic nitrogen removal granular reactor. Science of The Total Environment 689, pages 700-708.
Crossref
Xueming Chen, Bing‐Jie Ni & Gürkan Sin. (2019) Nitrous oxide production in autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge: A modeling study. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 116:6, pages 1280-1291.
Crossref
Kimberly Solon, Mingsheng Jia & Eveline I. P. Volcke. (2019) Process schemes for future energy-positive water resource recovery facilities. Water Science and Technology 79:9, pages 1808-1820.
Crossref
Xinyu Wan, Janis E. Baeten & Eveline I.P. Volcke. (2019) Effect of operating conditions on N2O emissions from one-stage partial nitritation-anammox reactors. Biochemical Engineering Journal 143, pages 24-33.
Crossref
Janis E. Baeten, Damien J. Batstone, Oliver J. Schraa, Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht & Eveline I.P. Volcke. (2019) Modelling anaerobic, aerobic and partial nitritation-anammox granular sludge reactors - A review. Water Research 149, pages 322-341.
Crossref
I. Sancho, S. Lopez-Palau, N. Arespacochaga & J.L. Cortina. (2019) New concepts on carbon redirection in wastewater treatment plants: A review. Science of The Total Environment 647, pages 1373-1384.
Crossref
Jianhua Zhang, Liang Zhang, Yuanyuan Miao, Yawen Sun, Xiyao Li, Qiong Zhang & Yongzhen Peng. (2018) Feasibility of in situ enriching anammox bacteria in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) for enhancing nitrogen removal of real domestic wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal 352, pages 847-854.
Crossref
Kathrin Steinberg, Jan Zimmermann, Stefan Meyer & Carsten Schulz. (2018) Start-up of recirculating aquaculture systems: How do water exchange rates influence pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) and water composition?. Aquacultural Engineering 83, pages 151-159.
Crossref
Tengyi Zhu, Bin Xu & Jun Wu. (2018) Experimental and mathematical simulation study on the effect of granule particle size distribution on partial nitrification in aerobic granular reactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal 134, pages 22-29.
Crossref
Jianfang Wang, Zeyu Zhang, Feiyue Qian, Yaoliang Shen, Zekun Qi, Xiaoqing Ji & Emma Marcello Lagu Kajamisso. (2018) Rapid start-up of a nitritation granular reactor using activated sludge as inoculum at the influent organics/ammonium mass ratio of 2/1. Bioresource Technology 256, pages 170-177.
Crossref
Yuanyuan Miao, Yongzhen Peng, Liang Zhang, Baikun Li, Xiyao Li, Lei Wu & Simeng Wang. (2018) Partial nitrification-anammox (PNA) treating sewage with intermittent aeration mode: Effect of influent C/N ratios. Chemical Engineering Journal 334, pages 664-672.
Crossref
新艳 张. (2018) Dominant Factors of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia (DNRA) in Activated Sludge System: A Comment. Advances in Environmental Protection 08:02, pages 95-105.
Crossref
Mingsheng Jia, Celia M. Castro-Barros, Mari K. H. Winkler & Eveline I. P. Volcke. (2018) Effect of organic matter on the performance and N 2 O emission of a granular sludge anammox reactor . Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 4:7, pages 1035-1046.
Crossref
Tao Liu, Bin Ma, Xueming Chen, Bing-Jie Ni, Yongzhen Peng & Jianhua Guo. (2017) Evaluation of mainstream nitrogen removal by simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process in a granule-based reactor. Chemical Engineering Journal 327, pages 973-981.
Crossref
Phan The Nhat, Ha Nhu Biec, Truong Thi Thanh Van, Doan Van Tuan, Nguyen Le Hoang Trung, Vo Thuy Khanh Nghi & Nguyen Phuoc Dan. (2017) Stability of partial nitritation in a sequencing batch reactor fed with high ammonium strength old urban landfill leachate. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 124, pages 56-61.
Crossref
Bradley Young, Robert Delatolla, Kevin Kennedy, Edith LaFlamme & Alain Stintzi. (2017) Post carbon removal nitrifying MBBR operation at high loading and exposure to starvation conditions. Bioresource Technology 239, pages 318-325.
Crossref
Yan Feng, Xi Lu, H. Al-Hazmi & Jacek Mąkinia. (2017) An overview of the strategies for the deammonification process start-up and recovery after accidental operational failures. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 16:3, pages 541-568.
Crossref
Lorena B Guimarães, Melissa P Mezzari, Gilberto C Daudt & Rejane HR da Costa. (2017) Microbial pathways of nitrogen removal in aerobic granular sludge treating domestic wastewater. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 92:7, pages 1756-1765.
Crossref
Jinghuan Luo, Hui Chen, Xiaoyu Han, Yanfang Sun, Zhiguo Yuan & Jianhua Guo. (2017) Microbial community structure and biodiversity of size-fractionated granules in a partial nitritation–anammox process. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 93:6.
Crossref
Celia M. Castro-Barros, Mingsheng Jia, Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht, Eveline I.P. Volcke & Mari K.H. Winkler. (2017) Evaluating the potential for dissimilatory nitrate reduction by anammox bacteria for municipal wastewater treatment. Bioresource Technology 233, pages 363-372.
Crossref
G. F. Wells, Y. Shi, M. Laureni, A. Rosenthal, I. Szivák, D. G. Weissbrodt, A. Joss, H. Buergmann, D. R. Johnson & E. Morgenroth. (2017) Comparing the Resistance, Resilience, and Stability of Replicate Moving Bed Biofilm and Suspended Growth Combined Nitritation–Anammox Reactors. Environmental Science & Technology 51:9, pages 5108-5117.
Crossref
Edris Hoseinzadeh, Abbas Rezaee & Mahdi Farzadkia. (2017) Low frequency-low voltage alternating electric current-induced anoxic granulation in biofilm-electrode reactor: A study of granule properties. Process Biochemistry 56, pages 154-162.
Crossref
Jun Wu & Yue Zhang. (2016) Evaluation of the impact of organic material on the anaerobic methane and ammonium removal in a membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) based on the multispecies biofilm modeling. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24:2, pages 1677-1685.
Crossref
Marta Revilla, Berta Galán & Javier R. Viguri. (2016) Analysis and modelling of predation on biofilm activated sludge process: Influence on microbial distribution, sludge production and nutrient dosage. Bioresource Technology 220, pages 572-583.
Crossref
Yiwen Liu, Huu Hao Ngo, Wenshan Guo, Lai Peng, Yuting Pan, Jianhua Guo, Xueming Chen & Bing-Jie Ni. (2016) Autotrophic nitrogen removal in membrane-aerated biofilms: Archaeal ammonia oxidation versus bacterial ammonia oxidation. Chemical Engineering Journal 302, pages 535-544.
Crossref
Thomas P. W. Vannecke, Nicolas Bernet, Mari K. H. Winkler, Gaelle Santa-Catalina, Jean-Philippe Steyer & Eveline I. P. Volcke. (2016) Influence of process dynamics on the microbial diversity in a nitrifying biofilm reactor: Correlation analysis and simulation study. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 113:9, pages 1962-1974.
Crossref
Taína Martins Magalhães, Adriano Luiz Tonetti, Daniel Augusto Camargo Bueno & Daniele Tonon. (2016) Nitrification process modeling in intermittent sand filter applied for wastewater treatment. Ecological Engineering 93, pages 18-23.
Crossref
Jeremy Smitshuijzen, Julio Pérez, Olaf Duin & Mark C.M.van Loosdrecht. (2016) A simple model to describe the performance of highly-loaded aerobic COD removal reactors. Biochemical Engineering Journal 112, pages 94-102.
Crossref
Vojtech Kouba, P Widiayuningrum, L Chovancova, P Jenicek & J Bartacek. (2016) Applicability of one-stage partial nitritation and anammox in MBBR for anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 43:7, pages 965-975.
Crossref
Oluyemi Olatunji Awolusi, Mahmoud Nasr, Sheena Kumari & Faizal Bux. (2016) Artificial Intelligence for the Evaluation of Operational Parameters Influencing Nitrification and Nitrifiers in an Activated Sludge Process. Microbial Ecology 72:1, pages 49-63.
Crossref
J.A. Sánchez Guillén, C.M. Lopez Vazquez, L.M. de Oliveira Cruz, D. Brdjanovic & J.B. van Lier. (2016) Long-term performance of the Anammox process under low nitrogen sludge loading rate and moderate to low temperature. Biochemical Engineering Journal 110, pages 95-106.
Crossref
P. S. Lima, M. Dezotti & J. P. Bassin. (2016) Interpreting the effect of increasing COD loading rates on the performance of a pre-anoxic MBBR system: implications on the attached and suspended biomass dynamics and nitrification–denitrification activity. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 39:6, pages 945-957.
Crossref
Xueming Chen, Yiwen Liu, Lai Peng, Zhiguo Yuan & Bing-Jie Ni. (2016) Model-Based Feasibility Assessment of Membrane Biofilm Reactor to Achieve Simultaneous Ammonium, Dissolved Methane, and Sulfide Removal from Anaerobic Digestion Liquor. Scientific Reports 6:1.
Crossref
Zuotao Zhang, Zheng Gong, Sitong Liu & Jinren Ni. (2016) Extracellular polymeric substances extraction induced the increased purification performance of percoll density gradient centrifugation for anammox bacteria. Chemical Engineering Journal 287, pages 529-536.
Crossref
Z. Wang, M. Kim, G. Nakhla & J. Zhu. (2016) Anaerobic fluidized bed digestion of primary and thickened waste activated sludges. Chemical Engineering Journal 284, pages 620-629.
Crossref
T. P. W. Vannecke & E. I. P. Volcke. (2015) Modelling microbial competition in nitrifying biofilm reactors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 112:12, pages 2550-2561.
Crossref
Thomas P. W. Vannecke, George Wells, Nathalie Hubaux, Eberhard Morgenroth & Eveline I. P. Volcke. (2015) Considering microbial and aggregate heterogeneity in biofilm reactor models: how far do we need to go?. Water Science and Technology 72:10, pages 1692-1699.
Crossref
Xueming Chen, Jianhua Guo, Guo-Jun Xie, Yiwen Liu, Zhiguo Yuan & Bing-Jie Ni. (2015) A new approach to simultaneous ammonium and dissolved methane removal from anaerobic digestion liquor: A model-based investigation of feasibility. Water Research 85, pages 295-303.
Crossref
Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez, Francisco Osorio, Jose A. Morillo, Alejandro Rodriguez-Sanchez, Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez, Ben A. Abbas & Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht. (2015) Comparison of bacterial diversity in full scale anammox bioreactors operated under different conditions. Biotechnology Progress 31:6, pages 1464-1472.
Crossref
M.R. Mattei, L. Frunzo, B. D’Acunto, G. Esposito & F. Pirozzi. (2015) Modelling microbial population dynamics in multispecies biofilms including Anammox bacteria. Ecological Modelling 304, pages 44-58.
Crossref
Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez, Alejandro Rodriguez-Sanchez, Barbara Muñoz-Palazon, Maria-Jesus Garcia-Ruiz, Francisco Osorio, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht & Jesus Gonzalez–Lopez. (2014) Microbial community analysis of a full-scale DEMON bioreactor. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 38:3, pages 499-508.
Crossref
C.M. Castro-Barros, M.R.J. Daelman, K.E. Mampaey, M.C.M. van Loosdrecht & E.I.P. Volcke. (2015) Effect of aeration regime on N2O emission from partial nitritation-anammox in a full-scale granular sludge reactor. Water Research 68, pages 793-803.
Crossref
N. Hubaux, G. Wells & E. Morgenroth. (2015) Impact of coexistence of flocs and biofilm on performance of combined nitritation-anammox granular sludge reactors. Water Research 68, pages 127-139.
Crossref
Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez, F. Osorio, Alejandro Rodriguez-Sanchez, Maria Victoria Martinez-Toledo, Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez, Tommaso Lotti & M. C. M. van Loosdrecht. (2015) Bacterial community structure of a lab-scale anammox membrane bioreactor. Biotechnology Progress 31:1, pages 186-193.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.