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Environmental Technology Letters Volume 9, 1988 - Issue 1
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A review of the behaviour and utilization of polycarboxylic acids as detergent builders

Michael Hunter Civil Engineering Department, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BU, U.K.
,
David M.L. da Motta Marques Civil Engineering Department, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BU, U.K.
,
John N. Lester Civil Engineering Department, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BU, U.K.
&
Roger Perry Civil Engineering Department, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BU, U.K.
Pages 1-22 | Received 08 Sep 1987, Accepted 11 Nov 1987, Published online: 17 Dec 2008

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Thorsten Mahrholz, Joachim Klein & Thomas Klein. (2004) New Poly(Sodium Carboxylate)s Based on Saccharides. II. Cobuilder Performance of Ionic Allyl Glycoside Polymers as Substitutes of Standard Polycarboxylates. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 41:2, pages 165-179.
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Caitríona Níc Aonghusa & Nick F. Gray. (2002) LAUNDRY DETERGENTS AS A SOURCE OF HEAVY METALS IN IRISH DOMESTIC WASTEWATER. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 37:1, pages 1-6.
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Michael Dwyer, Stephen Yeoman, JohnN. Lester & Roger Perry. (1990) A review of proposed non‐phosphate detergent builders, utilisation and environmental assessment. Environmental Technology 11:3, pages 263-294.
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Articles from other publishers (20)

Jorge Herrera‐Ordonez. (2023) New Insights on the Kinetics of Persulfate‐Initiated Itaconic Acid Free‐Radical Polymerization. Macromolecular Reaction Engineering 17:5.
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Razieh Mirsafaei & Jaleh Varshosaz. (2020) Polyacrylamide–punicic acid conjugate‐based micelles for flutamide delivery in PC3 cells of prostate cancer: synthesis, characterisation and cytotoxicity studies. IET Nanobiotechnology 14:5, pages 417-422.
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Yangxin YU, Jin ZHAO & Andrew E. Bayly. (2008) Development of Surfactants and Builders in Detergent Formulations. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 16:4, pages 517-527.
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Ingrid K. Haaksman, Arie C. Besemer, Jan M. Jetten, Johan W. Timmermans & Ted M. Slaghek. (2006) The Oxidation of the Aldehyde Groups in Dialdehyde Starch. Starch - Stärke 58:12, pages 616-622.
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N.F. Gray. 2005. Water Technology. Water Technology 349 367 .
Arie C. Besemer, Jan M. Jetten & Ted M. Slaghek. (2003) Improved Calcium Sequestering Carbohydrate Based Agents. Starch - Stärke 55:10, pages 443-449.
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Graham Swift. 2005. Biopolymers Online. Biopolymers Online.
Graham Swift. 2002. Degradable Polymers. Degradable Polymers 379 412 .
Christian V. Stevens, Alessia Meriggi & Karl Booten. (2001) Chemical Modification of Inulin, a Valuable Renewable Resource, and Its Industrial Applications. Biomacromolecules 2:1, pages 1-16.
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Graham Swift. 2001. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
Patrick D. Guiney, Daniel M. Woltering & Krzysztof M. Jop. (2009) An environmental risk assessment profile of two synthetic polymers. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 17:10, pages 2122-2130.
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Don Keun Lee, Jin Soo Kim, Young Min Lee, Young Soo Kang & Byung Kyu Kim. (1998) Electron Magnetic Resonance Study on the Mobility of Nitroxide Spin Probes in the Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Lipid Bilayers: Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol). Langmuir 14:18, pages 5184-5187.
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Krzysztof M. Jop, Patrick D. Guiney, Karen P. Christensen & Eric M. Silberhorn. (1997) Environmental Fate Assessment of Two Synthetic Polycarboxylate Polymers. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 37:3, pages 229-237.
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A. C. Besemer & H. Van Bekkum. 1996. Carbohydrates as Organic Raw Materials III. Carbohydrates as Organic Raw Materials III 273 293 .
G. Swift. (1994) Water-soluble polymers. Polymer Degradation and Stability 45:2, pages 215-231.
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Arie C. Besemer & Herman van Bekkum. (2006) Dicarboxy‐Starch by Sodium Hypochlorite/Bromide Oxidation and Its Calcium Binding Properties. Starch - Stärke 46:3, pages 95-101.
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J.-M. Séquaris & P. Kalabokas. (1993) Application of an iodide ion-selective electrode to the determination of anionic polyelectrolytes and colloids with a cationic surfactant. Analytica Chimica Acta 281:2, pages 341-346.
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Graham Swift. (2002) Directions for environmentally biodegradable polymer research. Accounts of Chemical Research 26:3, pages 105-110.
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Hans-Joachim Opgenorth. 1992. Detergents. Detergents 337 350 .
G. J. L. Griffin. (1980) Synthetic polymers and the living environment. Pure and Applied Chemistry 52:2, pages 399-407.
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