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Physiotherapy Theory and Practice
An International Journal of Physical Therapy
Volume 33, 2017 - Issue 10
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Descriptive Report

Predicting falls in older adults using the four square step test

, PT, PhD & , PT, DPT
Pages 766-771 | Received 06 Apr 2016, Accepted 30 Sep 2016, Published online: 03 Aug 2017

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Esra Aldirmaz, Fatma Uğur, Öznur Yilmaz, Ayşe Karaduman & İpek Alemdaroğlu-Gürbüz. (2023) A New Instrument to Assess Dynamic Balance in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Four Square Step Test and Its Validity, Reliability and Feasibility. Developmental Neurorehabilitation 26:1, pages 27-36.
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Bayram Unver, Kevser Sevik, Haci Ahmet Yarar, Fatma Unver & Vasfi Karatosun. (2021) Reliability of the Modified Four Square Step Test (mFSST) in patients with primary total knee arthroplasty. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 37:4, pages 535-539.
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A. Manca, G. Fiorito, M. Morrone, A. Boi, B. Mercante, G. Martinez, L. Ventura, A. P. Delitala, A. Cano, M. G. Catte, G. Solinas, F. Melis, F. Ginatempo & F. Deriu. (2023) A novel estimate of biological aging by multiple fitness tests is associated with risk scores for age-related diseases. Frontiers in Physiology 14.
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Michelle M. Lusardi. (2023) 2023 Carol B. Lewis Distinguished Lecture Address to the APTA Geriatrics Membership Combined Sections Meeting, February 23, 2023 Key Words & Challenges: Defining Our Role in Caring for Older Adults. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy 46:2, pages 93-102.
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M. G. Finco, Nathalie Sumien & Sarah C. Moudy. (2023) Clinical evaluation of fall risk in older adults who use lower‐limb prostheses: A scoping review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 71:3, pages 959-967.
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Ke Cao, Allison A. Bay, Ihab Hajjar, Whitney Wharton, Felicia Goldstein, Deqiang Qiu, Todd Prusin, J. Lucas McKay, Molly M. Perkins & Madeleine E. Hackney. (2023) Rationale and Design of the PARTNER Trial: Partnered Rhythmic Rehabilitation for Enhanced Motor-Cognition in Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 91:3, pages 1019-1033.
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Arzu Demircioğlu, Ülkü Kezban Şahin & Sevim Acaröz. (2022) Discriminative Ability of the Four Balance Measures for Previous Fall Experience in Turkish Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 30:6, pages 980-986.
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Jeong Bae Ko, Jae Soo Hong, Young Sub Shin & Kwang Bok Kim. (2022) Machine Learning-Based Predicted Age of the Elderly on the Instrumented Timed Up and Go Test and Six-Minute Walk Test. Sensors 22:16, pages 5957.
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Jonathan Diener, Sabine Rayling, Jelena Bezold, Janina Krell-Roesch, Alexander Woll & Kathrin Wunsch. (2022) Effectiveness and Acceptability of e- and m-Health Interventions to Promote Physical Activity and Prevent Falls in Nursing Homes—A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Physiology 13.
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Marcos Paulo Miranda de Aquino, Nayara Tasse de Oliveira Cirino, Camila Astolphi Lima, Mauricio de Miranda Ventura, Keith Hill & Monica Rodrigues Perracini. (2022) The Four Square Step Test is a useful mobility tool for discriminating older persons with frailty syndrome. Experimental Gerontology 161, pages 111699.
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DongHyun Yi, SeungJun Jang & JongEun Yim. (2022) Relationship between Associated Neuropsychological Factors and Fall Risk Factors in Community-Dwelling Elderly. Healthcare 10:4, pages 728.
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Ebrahim Bani Hassan, Steven Phu, Sara Vogrin & Gustavo Duque. (2022) Appendicular and mid-thigh lean mass are associated with muscle strength, physical performance, and dynamic balance in older persons at high risk of falls. Gait & Posture 93, pages 90-95.
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Yoshiro Okubo, Daniel Schoene, Maria JD Caetano, Erika M Pliner, Yosuke Osuka, Barbara Toson & Stephen R Lord. (2021) Stepping impairment and falls in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of volitional and reactive step tests. Ageing Research Reviews 66, pages 101238.
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Megan A. Connelly Ortega, Louise A. Zimmermann & Stormy G. Zyzyk. (2021) The Four Square Step Test and its Use Clinically in Different Populations. Current Geriatrics Reports 10:1, pages 11-20.
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Jacqueline M. S. Pengelly, Alistair G. Royse, Adam L. Bryant, Gavin P. Williams, Lynda J. Tivendale, Timothy J. Dettmann, David J. Canty, Colin F. Royse & Doa A. El-Ansary. (2020) Effects of Supervised Early Resistance Training versus standard care on cognitive recovery following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy (the SEcReT study): protocol for a randomised controlled pilot study. Trials 21:1.
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Markus M. Rieger, Selma Papegaaij, Frans Steenbrink, Jaap H. van Dieën & Mirjam Pijnappels. (2020) Perturbation-based gait training to improve daily life gait stability in older adults at risk of falling: protocol for the REACT randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics 20:1.
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Cabirou M. Shintouo, Tony Mets, David Beckwee, Ivan Bautmans, Stephen M. Ghogomu, Jacob Souopgui, Lynn Leemans, Henry D. Meriki & Rose Njemini. (2020) Is inflammageing influenced by the microbiota in the aged gut? A systematic review. Experimental Gerontology 141, pages 111079.
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Jaclyn Megan Sions, Emma Haldane Beisheim & Mayank Seth. (2020) Selecting, Administering, and Interpreting Outcome Measures Among Adults with Lower-Limb Loss: an Update for Clinicians. Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports 8:3, pages 92-109.
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Anat V. Lubetzky, Avihai Soroka, Daphna Harel, Thomas Errico, John Bendo, Joseph Leitner, Shay Shabat, Eli Ashkenazi, Yizhar Floman, Marilyn Moffat & Youssef Masharawi. (2020) Static and Dynamic Balance in Adults Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery: Screening and Prediction of Postsurgical Outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 28:13, pages e553-e559.
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K. Medina-Alvarado, C. Igual-Camacho, L.A. Villaplana-Torres & J.M. Blasco. (2020) Efectos del método Pilates en la reducción de caídas, el riesgo y miedo a caer en el adulto mayor: una revisión sistemática. Fisioterapia 42:4, pages 203-213.
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Dale Avers. 2020. Guccione's Geriatric Physical Therapy. Guccione's Geriatric Physical Therapy 137 165 .
Steven Phu, Ben Kirk & Gustavo Duque. 2019. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences.

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