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Original Articles

Assessing the effectiveness of warnings and the phenomenological characteristics of false memories

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Pages 53-71 | Published online: 22 Sep 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (20)

Katharina Schopen, Henry Otgaar, Mark L Howe & Peter Muris. (2022) Effects of forewarnings on children’s and adults’ spontaneous false memories. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 19:2, pages 177-197.
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Weiwei Zhang, Julien Gross & Harlene Hayne. (2019) Mood impedes monitoring of emotional false memories: evidence for the associative theories. Memory 27:2, pages 198-208.
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Jerwen Jou, Mario L. Arredondo, Cheng Li, Eric E. Escamilla & Richard Zuniga. (2017) The effects of increasing semantic-associate list length on the Deese–Roediger–McDermott false recognition memory: Dual false-memory process in retrieval from sub- and supraspan lists. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 70:10, pages 2076-2093.
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Vincent Prohaska, Debbie DelValle, Michael P. Toglia & Anna E. Pittman. (2016) Reported serial positions of true and illusory memories in the Deese/Roediger/McDermott paradigm. Memory 24:7, pages 865-883.
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Malwina Szpitalak & Romuald Polczyk. (2015) Reinforced self-affirmation as a method for reducing the eyewitness misinformation effect. Psychology, Crime & Law 21:10, pages 911-938.
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Francesco Del Prete, Chiara Mirandola, Mahiko Konishi, Cesare Cornoldi & Simona Ghetti. (2014) Paradoxical Effects of Warning in the Production of Children's False Memories. Journal of Cognition and Development 15:1, pages 94-109.
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SusanM. Sherman. (2013) False recall and recognition of brand names increases over time. Memory 21:2, pages 219-229.
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SeanM. Lane, CristineC. Roussel, JeffreyJ. Starns, Diane Villa & JillD. Alonzo. (2008) Providing information about diagnostic features at retrieval reduces false recognition. Memory 16:8, pages 836-851.
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James Michael Lampinen, D. Brent Ryals & Keaton Smith. (2008) Compelling untruths: The effect of retention interval on content borrowing and vivid false memories. Memory 16:2, pages 149-156.
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Jerwen Jou & Joseph Foreman. (2007) Transfer of learning in avoiding false memory: The roles of warning, immediate feedback, and incentive. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60:6, pages 877-896.
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James Michael Lampinen & TimothyN. Odegard. (2006) Memory editing mechanisms. Memory 14:6, pages 649-654.
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Keith Lyle & Marcia Johnson. (2006) Importing perceived features into false memories. Memory 14:2, pages 197-213.
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Raymond Gunter, Stacey Ivanko & Glen Bodner. (2005) Can test list context manipulations improve recognition accuracy in the DRM paradigm?. Memory 13:8, pages 862-873.
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André Didierjean & Evelyne Marmèche. (2005) Anticipatory representation of visual basketball scenes by novice and expert players. Visual Cognition 12:2, pages 265-283.
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R. Clutterbuck & R. A. Johnston. (2004) Matching as an index of face familiarity. Visual Cognition 11:7, pages 857-869.
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Anne P. DePrince, Carolyn B. Allard, Hannah Oh & Jennifer J. Freyd. (2004) What's in a Name for Memory Errors? Implications and Ethical Issues Arising From the Use of the Term "False Memory" for Errors in Memory for Details. Ethics & Behavior 14:3, pages 201-233.
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Serge Brédart, James Lampinen & Anne-Catherine Defeldre. (2003) Phenomenal characteristics of cryptomnesia. Memory 11:1, pages 1-11.
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M. Nieves Pérez-Mata, J. Don Read & Margarita Diges. (2002) Effects of divided attention and word concreteness on correct recall and false memory reports. Memory 10:3, pages 161-177.
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Articles from other publishers (60)

Jerwen Jou & Mark Hwang. (2022) A memory-interference versus the “dud”-effect account of a DRM false memory result: Fewer related targets at test, higher critical-lure false recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 29:4, pages 1397-1404.
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Michael P. Toglia, Joseph Schmuller, Britni G. Surprenant, Katherine C. Hooper, Natasha N. DeMeo & Brett L. Wallace. (2022) Novel Approaches and Cognitive Neuroscience Perspectives on False Memory and Deception. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
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Patricia I. Coburn, Kirandeep K. Dogra, Iarenjit K. Rai & Daniel M. Bernstein. (2021) The Trajectory of Targets and Critical Lures in the Deese/Roediger–McDermott Paradigm: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychology 12.
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Malwina Szpitalak & Romuald Polczyk. (2021) Mediators and Moderators of Reinforced Self-Affirmation as a Method for Reducing the Memory Misinformation Effect. Frontiers in Psychology 12.
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C.J. Brainerd, D.M. Bialer & M. Chang. (2020) Norming retrieval processes. Journal of Memory and Language 115, pages 104143.
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Joanna Ulatowska, Justyna Olszewska & Matthew D. Hanson. (2020) Does Test Type Influence False Recognition in the DRM Paradigm? Comparison of the Yes/No Recognition Test and Two-Alternative Forced-Choice Test. The American Journal of Psychology 133:1, pages 49-62.
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Rebecca Brooke Bays, Mary Ann Foley, Stephanie Madlener & Catherine Haorei. (2017) Memory Accuracy and Errors: the Effects of Collaborative Encoding on Long-Term Retention. Current Psychology 38:5, pages 1335-1346.
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Mark J Huff & Glen E Bodner. (2018) Item-specific and relational processing both improve recall accuracy in the DRM paradigm. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72:6, pages 1493-1506.
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Mark J. Huff & Andrew J. Aschenbrenner. (2018) Item-specific processing reduces false recognition in older and younger adults: Separating encoding and retrieval using signal detection and the diffusion model. Memory & Cognition 46:8, pages 1287-1301.
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Julia Macera & Agnès Daurat. (2018) Increased phantom recollection after sleep. Consciousness and Cognition 66, pages 101-114.
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Karlos Luna, Beatriz Martín-Luengo & Pedro B Albuquerque. (2018) Do delayed judgements of learning reduce metamemory illusions? A meta-analysis. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71:7, pages 1626-1636.
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Jerwen Jou, Eric E. Escamilla, Mario L. Arredondo, Liann Pena, Richard Zuniga, Martin Perez & Clarissa Garcia. (2018) The role of decision criterion in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) false recognition memory: False memory falls and rises as a function of restriction on criterion setting. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71:2, pages 499-521.
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Vanessa M. Loaiza & Borislava M. Borovanska. (2018) Covert retrieval in working memory impacts the phenomenological characteristics remembered during episodic memory. Consciousness and Cognition 57, pages 20-32.
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Romuald Polczyk. (2017) The “memory” misinformation effect may not be caused by memory failures: Exploring memory states of misinformed subjects. Polish Psychological Bulletin 48:3, pages 388-400.
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Meagan O'Neill & Rachel A. Diana. (2017) The neurocognitive basis of borrowed context information. Cortex 91, pages 89-100.
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Hillary G. Mullet & Elizabeth J. Marsh. (2015) Correcting false memories: Errors must be noticed and replaced. Memory & Cognition 44:3, pages 403-412.
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Susan M. Sherman, Hannah Follows, Alexander B. R. Mushore, Kathleen Hampson-Jones & Katie Wright-Bevans. (2015) Television advertisements create false memories for competitor brands.. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition 4:1, pages 1-7.
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Elvira García-Bajos, Malen Migueles & Alaitz Aizpurua. (2014) Conceptual and perceptual encoding instructions differently affect event recall. Cognitive Processing 15:4, pages 535-541.
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Kristin E. Flegal & Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz. (2014) Get the gist? The effects of processing depth on false recognition in short-term and long-term memory. Memory & Cognition 42:5, pages 701-711.
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Haylie L. Miller, Timothy N. Odegard & Greg Allen. (2014) Evaluating information processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The case for Fuzzy Trace Theory. Developmental Review 34:1, pages 44-76.
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Jerwen Jou & Shaney Flores. (2012) How are false memories distinguishable from true memories in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm? A review of the findings. Psychological Research 77:6, pages 671-686.
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Elisa Krackow. (2012) The Effects of Writing on Memory for a Forensically Relevant Event. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 31:4, pages 313-326.
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Matthew P. Gerrie & Maryanne Garry. (2011) Warnings Reduce False Memories for Missing Aspects of Events. Experimental Psychology 58:3, pages 207-216.
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Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Stephan Lewandowsky & David T. W. Tang. (2010) Explicit warnings reduce but do not eliminate the continued influence of misinformation. Memory & Cognition 38:8, pages 1087-1100.
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Tammy A. Marche, C. J. Brainerd & Valerie F. Reyna. (2009) Distinguishing true from false memories in forensic contexts: Can phenomenology tell us what is real?. Applied Cognitive Psychology 24:8, pages 1168-1182.
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David A. Gallo. (2010) False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion. Memory & Cognition 38:7, pages 833-848.
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Justin Kantner & D. Stephen Lindsay. (2010) Can corrective feedback improve recognition memory?. Memory & Cognition 38:4, pages 389-406.
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박영신 & Kim,Ki-Jung. (2010) The Effect of Cognitive Effort at Encoding and Warning on False Memory in DRM Paradigm. Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology 22:2, pages 143-159.
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Paula Carneiro & Angel Fernandez. (2010) Age differences in the rejection of false memories: The effects of giving warning instructions and slowing the presentation rate. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 105:1-2, pages 81-97.
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Sabine Langevin, Hélène Sauzéon, Laurence Taconnat & N’Kaoua Bernard. (2010) Les fausses reconnaissances induites par les paradigmes DRM, MI et tâches dérivées. L’Année psychologique 109:04, pages 699.
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Sabine Langevin, Hélène Sauzéon, Laurence Taconnat & Bernard N’Kaoua. (2009) Les fausses reconnaissances induites par les paradigmes DRM, MI et tâches dérivées. L’Année psychologique Vol. 109:4, pages 699-729.
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Louis C. Sanford & John E. Fisk. (2009) How does the extraversion personality trait influence false recall with the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm?. Journal of Research in Personality 43:6, pages 972-977.
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Maarten J.V. Peters, Marko Jelicic, Benny Gorski, Kevin Sijstermans, Timo Giesbrecht & Harald Merckelbach. (2008) The corrective effects of warning on false memories in the DRM paradigm are limited to full attention conditions. Acta Psychologica 129:2, pages 308-314.
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Michelle M. Arnold & D. Stephen Lindsay. (2007) “I remember/know/guess that I knew it all along!”: Subjective experience versus objective measures of the knew-it-all-along effect. Memory & Cognition 35:8, pages 1854-1868.
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Jorie M. Colbert & Dawn M. McBride. (2007) Comparing decay rates for accurate and false memories in the DRM paradigm. Memory & Cognition 35:7, pages 1600-1609.
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Henry L. Roediger, Suparna Rajaram & Lisa Geraci. 2012. The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness.
Elisa Ciaramelli & Simona Ghetti. (2007) What are confabulators’ memories made of? A study of subjective and objective measures of recollection in confabulation. Neuropsychologia 45:7, pages 1489-1500.
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Christine Ruva, Cathy McEvoy & Judith Becker Bryant. (2006) Effects of pre‐trial publicity and jury deliberation on juror bias and source memory errors. Applied Cognitive Psychology 21:1, pages 45-67.
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Giuliana Mazzoni & Alan Scoboria. 2007. Handbook of Applied Cognition. Handbook of Applied Cognition 787 812 .
Laurence Taconnat & Philippe Rémy. (2009) Les faux souvenirs dans le vieillissement normal : données empiriques et modèles théoriques. L’Année psychologique 106:03, pages 457.
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Lisa Geraci & David P. McCabe. (2006) Examining the basis for illusory recollection: The role of remember/know instructions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 13:3, pages 466-473.
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Daniel J. Burns, Nicholas J. Martens, Alicia A. Bertoni, Emily J. Sweeney & Michelle D. Lividini. (2006) An item gains and losses analysis of false memories suggests critical items receive more item-specific processing than list items.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 32:2, pages 277-289.
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Jason L. Hicks & Jeffrey J. Starns. (2006) The roles of associative strength and source memorability in the contextualization of false memory. Journal of Memory and Language 54:1, pages 39-53.
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Carmen E. Westerberg & Chad J. Marsolek. (2006) Do instructional warnings reduce false recognition?. Applied Cognitive Psychology 20:1, pages 97-114.
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James Michael Lampinen, Christopher R. Meier, Jack D. Arnal & Juliana K. Leding. (2005) Compelling Untruths: Content Borrowing and Vivid False Memories.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31:5, pages 954-963.
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Jerwen Jou, Yolanda E. Matus, James W. Aldridge, Dawn M. Rogers & Ryan L. Zimmerman. (2004) How similar is false recognition to veridical recognition objectively and subjectively?. Memory & Cognition 32:5, pages 824-840.
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Jason M. Watson, Kathleen B. Mcdermott & David A. Balota. (2004) Attempting to avoid false memories in the Deese/Roediger—McDermott paradigm: Assessing the combined influence of practice and warnings in young and old adults. Memory & Cognition 32:1, pages 135-141.
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Yuh-shiow LEE & Shao-chun CHANG. (2004) EFFECTS OF CRITERION SHIFT ON FALSE MEMORY. PSYCHOLOGIA 47:3, pages 191-202.
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James M. Lampinen, Timothy N. Odegard & Jeffrey S. Neuschatz. (2004) Robust Recollection Rejection in the Memory Conjunction Paradigm.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30:2, pages 332-342.
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David A. Gallo. (2004) Using Recall to Reduce False Recognition: Diagnostic and Disqualifying Monitoring.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30:1, pages 120-128.
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James M. Lampinen, Timothy N. Odegard & Jennifer L. Bullington. (2003) Qualities of memories for performed and imagined actions. Applied Cognitive Psychology 17:8, pages 881-893.
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David A. Gallo & Henry L. Roediger. (2003) The effects of associations and aging on illusory recollection. Memory & Cognition 31:7, pages 1036-1044.
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Jeffrey S. Neuschatz, Gregory E. Benoit & David G. Payne. (2003) Effective warnings in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false-memory paradigm: The role of identifiability.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 29:1, pages 35-41.
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Amina Memon, Lorraine Hope, James Bartlett & Ray Bull. (2002) Eyewitness recognition errors: The effects of mugshot viewing and choosing in young and old adults. Memory & Cognition 30:8, pages 1219-1227.
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David P. McCabe & Anderson D. Smith. (2002) The effect of warnings on false memories in young and older adults. Memory & Cognition 30:7, pages 1065-1077.
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John G. Seamon, Chun R. Luo, Jonathan J. Kopecky, Catherine A. Price, Leeatt Rothschild, Nicholas S. Fung & Michael A. Schwartz. (2002) Are false memories more difficult to forget than accurate memories? The effect of retention interval on recall and recognition. Memory & Cognition 30:7, pages 1054-1064.
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David A. Gallo & Henry L. Roediger, III. (2002) Variability among word lists in eliciting memory illusions: evidence for associative activation and monitoring. Journal of Memory and Language 47:3, pages 469-497.
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Irene V. Blair, Alison P. Lenton & Reid Hastie. (2002) The reliability of the DRM paradigm as a measure of individual differences in false memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 9:3, pages 590-596.
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Jeffrey S. Neuschatz, James M. Lampinen, Elizabeth L. Preston, Emily R. Hawkins & Michael P. Toglia. (2002) The effect of memory schemata on memory and the phenomenological experience of naturalistic situations. Applied Cognitive Psychology 16:6, pages 687-708.
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David A. Gallo, Henry L. Roediger & Kathleen B. McDermott. (2001) Associative false recognition occurs without strategic criterion shifts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 8:3, pages 579-586.
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