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Southern Communication Journal Volume 58, 1993 - Issue 2: Analyzing Messages and Their Outcomes
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Original Articles

Message and conceptual confounds in fear appeals: The role of threat, fear, and efficacy

Kim Witte Assistant Professor of Speech Communication, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843–4234
Pages 147-155 | Published online: 01 Apr 2009

Citations (41)

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Alhassan Yusif Trawule, Samuel Gameli Gadzo, Holy Kwabla Kportorgbi & Richmond Sam-Quarm. (2022) Tax education and fear-appealing messages: A grease or sand in the wheels of tax compliance?. Cogent Business & Management 9:1.
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Rachel E. Riggs & Eric. E. Rasmussen. (2021) The Influence of Video-Modeled Sexual Assault Disclosure and Self-Efficacy Messages on Sexual Assault Disclosure Efficacy of Adolescent Girls. Journal of Health Communication 26:6, pages 361-370.
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Chengqi Guo. (2010) The Psychological Influences of Threat on B2C E-commerce Adoption: An Extended Study and Explanatory Framework. Journal of Promotion Management 16:3, pages 303-315.
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KellyK. Bonnar-Kidd, DavidR. Black, Marifran Mattson & Dan Coster. (2009) Online Physical Activity Information: Will Typical Users Find Quality Information?. Health Communication 24:2, pages 165-175.
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JenniferE. Vardeman & Linda Aldoory. (2008) A Qualitative Study of How Women Make Meaning of Contradictory Media Messages About the Risks of Eating Fish. Health Communication 23:3, pages 282-291.
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Anna Good & Charles Abraham. (2007) Measuring defensive responses to threatening messages: a meta-analysis of measures. Health Psychology Review 1:2, pages 208-229.
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Wai Hsien Cheah. (2006) Issue Involvement, Message Appeal and Gonorrhea: Risk Perceptions in the US, England, Malaysia and Singapore. Asian Journal of Communication 16:3, pages 293-314.
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Anne P. Hubbell. (2006) Mexican American Women in a Rural Area and Barriers to Their Ability to Enact Protective Behaviors Against Breast Cancer. Health Communication 20:1, pages 35-44.
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C. M. Simon-Arndt, S. L. Hurtado & L. A. Patriarca-Troyk. (2006) Acceptance of Web-Based Personalized Feedback: User Ratings of an Alcohol Misuse Prevention Program Targeting U.S. Marines. Health Communication 20:1, pages 13-22.
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Jessica J. Eckstein. (2005) Conversion Conundrums: Listener Perceptions of Affective Influence Attempts as Mediated by Personality and Individual Differences. Communication Quarterly 53:3, pages 401-419.
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David R. Roskos‐Ewoldsen , Jessy H. Yu & Nancy Rhodes. (2004) Fear appeal messages affect accessibility of attitudes toward the threat and adaptive behaviors. Communication Monographs 71:1, pages 49-69.
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Debbie Treise & MichaelF. Weigold. (2001) AIDS Public Service Announcements. Health Marketing Quarterly 18:3-4, pages 39-61.
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MarkT. Morman. (2000) The influence of fear appeals, message design, and masculinity on men's motivation to perform the testicular self‐exam. Journal of Applied Communication Research 28:2, pages 91-116.
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Kim Witte & Kelly Morrison. (2000) Examining the influence of trait anxiety/repression‐sensitization on individuals’ reactions to fear appeals. Western Journal of Communication 64:1, pages 1-27.
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Marifran Mattson. (1999) Toward a reconceptualization of communication cues to action in the health belief model: HIV test counseling. Communication Monographs 66:3, pages 240-265.
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Frits van Wel & Jasper Knobbout. (1998) Adolescents and Fear Appeals. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 7:2, pages 121-135.
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SusanL. Smith. (1997) The effective use of fear appeals in persuasive immunization: An analysis of national immunization intervention messages. Journal of Applied Communication Research 25:4, pages 264-292.
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Kim Witte & Kelly Morrison. (1995) Using scare tactics to promote safer sex among juvenile detention and high school youth. Journal of Applied Communication Research 23:2, pages 128-142.
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Kim Witte. (1994) Fear control and danger control: A test of the extended parallel process model (EPPM). Communication Monographs 61:2, pages 113-134.
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Articles from other publishers (22)

Yajie Li & Peter D. Howe. (2023) Universal or targeted approaches? an experiment about heat risk messaging. Natural Hazards 117:1, pages 381-398.
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Burak DEMİR, Ayla ÖZHAN DEDEOĞLU & Keti VENTURA. (2022) TÜKETİCİLERİN COVID-19’A YÖNELİK ALGILANAN SAĞLIK TEHDİDİ İLE GELİŞEN KORKU DUYGULARININ KORUNMA MOTİVASYONU VE BAŞA ÇIKMA DAVRANIŞINA ETKİSİTHE EFFECT OF CONSUMERS' EMOTIONS OF FEAR DEVELOPING WITH THE PERCEIVED HEALTH THREAT TOWARDS THE COVID-19 ON PROTECTION MOTIVATION AND COPING RESPONSE. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 13:2, pages 57-78.
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Şükrü BALCI & Betül KARADENİZ. (2022) Gazete Haberlerinde Korku Çekiciliğinin İzlerini Sürmek: Covid-19 Pandemi Haberleri Üzerine Bir İncelemeTracing Fear Appeals in Newspaper News: A Study on Covid-19 Pandemic News. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi 9:1, pages 205-228.
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Saniye VATANDAŞ. (2021) GAZETE HABERLERİNDE KORKU SUNUMUNUN GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ (COVID-19 ÖRNEĞİNDE)SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF HORROR PRESENTATION IN NEWSPAPER NEWS (IN COVID-19 EXAMPLE). Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 20:78, pages 1060-1079.
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Selin TÜRKEL, Sema MİSCİ KİP & Feyza Elif YASDIMAN. (2020) Use of Fear Appeal in Work Safety Messages: An Experimental Studyİş Güvenliği İletişim Mesajlarında Korku Çekiciliğinin Kullanımı: Deneysel Bir Çalışma. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi:36, pages 253-267.
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Elizabeth M Glowacki, Jay M Bernhardt & Matthew S McGlone. (2019) Tailored texts: An application of regulatory fit to text messages designed to reduce high-risk drinking. Health Informatics Journal 26:3, pages 1742-1763.
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Peng Zhu, Jian Hu & Xingzhen Zhu. (2020) Research on the Influence of Fear Appeal on APP Users’ Privacy Protection Behavior: An Empirical Study. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 782:4, pages 042011.
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Soo Jin Kim & Yungwook Kim. (2019) The Effects of Cultural Bias on Climate Change Policy Compliance and Support : Mediating Effects of Risk Perception, Emotion, and Efficacy. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies 63:4, pages 230-274.
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Stella Babalola, Sulaimon T. Adedokun, Anna McCartney-Melstad, Mathew Okoh, Sola Asa, Ian Tweedie & Andrew Tompsett. (2018) Factors associated with caregivers’ consistency of use of bed nets in Nigeria: a multilevel multinomial analysis of survey data. Malaria Journal 17:1.
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J. Douglas Storey, Stella O. Babalola, Emily E. Ricotta, Kathleen A. Fox, Michael Toso, Nan Lewicky & Hannah Koenker. (2018) Associations between ideational variables and bed net use in Madagascar, Mali, and Nigeria. BMC Public Health 18:1.
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최유진. (2014) An Exploratory Study of the Effectiveness of Cigarette Warning Label On the Basis of the Effects of Fear, Disgust, Anger on Attitudes and Behavioral Intention. Journal of Public Relations 18:1, pages 151-187.
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Alina MorawskaFaye Nitschke & Sally Burrows. (2011) Do testimonials improve parental perceptions and participation in parenting programmes? Results of two studies. Journal of Child Health Care 15:2, pages 85-98.
Crossref
Kim Witte. 2008. The International Encyclopedia of Communication. The International Encyclopedia of Communication.
Lisa Murray-Johnson, Kim Witte, Dhaval Patel, Victoria Orrego, Cynthia Zuckerman, Andrew M. Maxfield & Edward D. Thimons. (2016) Using the Extended Parallel Process Model to Prevent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Among Coal Miners in Appalachia. Health Education & Behavior 31:6, pages 741-755.
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Diane L. McKay, Judy M. Berkowitz, Jeffrey B. Blumberg & Jeanne P. Goldberg. (2016) Communicating Cardiovascular Disease Risk Due to Elevated Homocysteine Levels: Using the EPPM to Develop Print Materials. Health Education & Behavior 31:3, pages 355-371.
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Joye Gordon. (2003) Risk Communication and Foodborne Illness: Message Sponsorship and Attempts to Stimulate Perceptions of Risk. Risk Analysis 23:6, pages 1287-1296.
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John‐Paul Mulilis & T. Shelley Duval. (2006) Activating Effects of Resources Relative to Threat and Responsibility in Person‐Relative‐to‐Event Theory of Coping With Threat: An Educational Application 1 . Journal of Applied Social Psychology 33:7, pages 1437-1456.
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N. Henley & R. J. Donovan. (2016) Death Anxiety and Threat Appeals: Toward a Practical Application in the Context of Health Promotion. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 46:3, pages 225-239.
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Nadine Henley & Robert J Donovan. (2006) Threat appeals in social marketing: death as a ‘special case’. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 4:4, pages 300-319.
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Kim WitteJudy M. Berkowitz, Kenzie A. Cameron & Janet K. McKeon. (2016) Preventing the Spread of Genital Warts: Using Fear Appeals to Promote Self-Protective Behaviors. Health Education & Behavior 25:5, pages 571-585.
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Robert J. Donovan & Nadine Henley. (2016) Negative Outcomes, Threats and Threat Appeals: Widening the Conceptual Framework for the Study of Fear and Other Emotions in Social Marketing Communications. Social Marketing Quarterly 4:1, pages 56-67.
Crossref
Kim Witte. 1996. Handbook of Communication and Emotion. Handbook of Communication and Emotion 423 450 .

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