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Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association Volume 53, 2003 - Issue 7
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Technical Paper

Toxicological Evaluation for the Hazard Assessment of Tire Crumb for Use in Public Playgrounds

Detlef A. Birkholz Enviro-Test Laboratorie, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
,
Kathy L. Belton Alberta Centre for Injury Control and Research, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
&
Tee L. Guidotti Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaCorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 903-907 | Published online: 22 Feb 2012

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Anthony May & Daniel Parnell. (2017) The community impact of football pitches: a case study of Maidstone United FC. Sport in Society 20:2, pages 244-257.
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Maria Celeiro, J. Pablo Lamas, Carmen Garcia-Jares, Thierry Dagnac, Lourdes Ramos & Maria Llompart. (2014) Investigation of PAH and other hazardous contaminant occurrence in recycled tyre rubber surfaces. Case-study: restaurant playground in an indoor shopping centre. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 94:12, pages 1264-1271.
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J.F.P. Gomes, H.I. Mota, J.C.M. Bordado, M. Baião, G.M. Sarmento, J. Fernandes, V.M. Pampulim, M.L. Custódio & I. Veloso. (2011) Design of a new test chamber for evaluation of the toxicity of rubber infill. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 21:8, pages 622-627.
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Mary O'Reilly Brophy & Joseph Graney. (2004) Groundwater Effects from Highway Tire Shred Use. Environmental Forensics 5:2, pages 79-84.
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Robyn Winz, Lee L. Yu, Li-Piin Sung, YuYe J. Tong & Dejun Chen. (2023) Assessing children’s potential exposures to harmful metals in tire crumb rubber by accelerated photodegradation weathering. Scientific Reports 13:1.
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R Zitzumbo, María B Becerra, Beatriz Padilla-Rizo, Anayansi Estrada-Monje & Sergio Alonso-Romero. (2022) Mechanical and performance properties of re-vulcanized blends of GTR/NR. Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 39:2, pages 99-110.
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Atef M.F. Mohammed, Inas A. Saleh & Nasser M. Abdel-Latif. (2023) Hazard assessment study on organic compounds and heavy metals from using artificial turf. Heliyon 9:4, pages e14928.
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R Zitzumbo, S Alonso, A Estrada-Monje, María B Becerra, F Avalos & L Medina-Torres. (2022) Mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis and molecular cross-linking of GTR/NR re-Vulcanized blends. Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 38:4, pages 280-294.
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Qi Han, Wenyi Dong, Hongjie Wang, Boping Yu, Peng Liu, Linshen Xie & Zhiguang Dai. (2022) Efficacy of the Toxicity Control during the Degradation of TBBPA by Ozonation. Water 14:16, pages 2543.
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Paulina Wiśniewska, Łukasz Zedler, Mariusz Marć, Marek Klein, Józef Haponiuk & Krzysztof Formela. (2022) Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Elastomers via Low-Temperature Extrusion Process: Physico-Mechanical Properties and Volatile Organic Emission Assessment. Polymers 14:3, pages 546.
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Yingfei Sheng, Yi Liu, Kewei Wang, James V. Cizdziel, Yichun Wu & Ying Zhou. (2021) Ecotoxicological effects of micronized car tire wear particles and their heavy metals on the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in soil. Science of The Total Environment 793, pages 148613.
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Filipa O. Gomes, M. Rosário Rocha, Arminda Alves & Nuno Ratola. (2021) A review of potentially harmful chemicals in crumb rubber used in synthetic football pitches. Journal of Hazardous Materials 409, pages 124998.
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Isam Janajreh, Mohammed Hussain, Sherien Elagroudy & Konstantinos Moustakas. (2020) Recycled tire granular for playground in hot regions: technical assessment. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 23:1, pages 107-120.
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Motshabi Alinah Sibeko, Abiodun Olagoke Adeniji, Omobola Oluranti Okoh & Shanganyane Percy Hlangothi. (2020) Trends in the management of waste tyres and recent experimental approaches in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from rubber crumbs. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27:35, pages 43553-43568.
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Aleksander Duda, Małgorzata Kida, Sabina Ziembowicz & Piotr Koszelnik. (2020) Application of material from used car tyres in geotechnics—an environmental impact analysis. PeerJ 8, pages e9546.
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Chun-Nan Huang, Yee-Hsuan Chiou, Hong-Bin Cho & Chia-Wei Lee. (2019) Children's exposure to phthalates in dust and soil in Southern Taiwan: A study following the phthalate incident in 2011. Science of The Total Environment 696, pages 133685.
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Wilson Beita-Sandí, Meric Selbes, Mahmut S. Ersan & Tanju Karanfil. (2019) Release of Nitrosamines and Nitrosamine Precursors from Scrap Tires. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 6:4, pages 251-256.
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Yan Tang, Shuqi Sun, Linyu Zhang, Zhenxia Du, Jingcong Zhuang & Jinheng Pan. (2018) Determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tire rubber by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Methods 10:40, pages 4902-4908.
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Sharon Pochron, Jacqueline Nikakis, Kyra Illuzzi, Andrea Baatz, Loriana Demirciyan, Amritjot Dhillon, Thomas Gaylor, Alexa Manganaro, Nicholas Maritato, Michael Moawad, Rajwinder Singh, Clara Tucker & Daniel Vaughan. (2018) Exposure to aged crumb rubber reduces survival time during a stress test in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25:12, pages 11376-11383.
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Silvia Canepari, Paola Castellano, Maria Luisa Astolfi, Stefano Materazzi, Riccardo Ferrante, Dennis Fiorini & Roberta Curini. (2017) Release of particles, organic compounds, and metals from crumb rubber used in synthetic turf under chemical and physical stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25:2, pages 1448-1459.
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Akshaye Rekhaye & Pratima Jeetah. 2018. The Nexus: Energy, Environment and Climate Change. The Nexus: Energy, Environment and Climate Change 113 125 .
Archie Bleyer. (2017) Synthetic Turf Fields, Crumb Rubber, and Alleged Cancer Risk. Sports Medicine 47:12, pages 2437-2441.
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Andrea Re Depaolini, Giancarlo Bianchi, Daniele Fornai, Angela Cardelli, Marco Badalassi, Camillo Cardelli & Enrico Davoli. (2017) Physical and chemical characterization of representative samples of recycled rubber from end-of-life tires. Chemosphere 184, pages 1320-1326.
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Andrew Watterson. (2017) Artificial Turf: Contested Terrains for Precautionary Public Health with Particular Reference to Europe?. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14:9, pages 1050.
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Simon Magnusson & Josef Mácsik. (2017) Analysis of energy use and emissions of greenhouse gases, metals and organic substances from construction materials used for artificial turf. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 122, pages 362-372.
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Hao Li, Dazuo Yang, Fudi Chen, Yibing Zhou & Zhilong Xiu. (2014) Application of Artificial Neural Networks in predicting abrasion resistance of solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber based composites. Application of Artificial Neural Networks in predicting abrasion resistance of solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber based composites.
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Zhemin Xuan, Ni‐Bin Chang, Martin P. Wanielista & Evan Shane Williams. (2013) System Dynamics Modeling of Nitrogen Removal in a Stormwater Infiltration Basin with Biosorption‐Activated Media. Journal of Environmental Quality 42:4, pages 1086-1099.
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Barbara Ruffino, Silvia Fiore & Maria Chiara Zanetti. (2013) Environmental–sanitary risk analysis procedure applied to artificial turf sports fields. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20:7, pages 4980-4992.
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Maria Llompart, Lucia Sanchez-Prado, J. Pablo Lamas, Carmen Garcia-Jares, Enrique Roca & Thierry Dagnac. (2013) Hazardous organic chemicals in rubber recycled tire playgrounds and pavers. Chemosphere 90:2, pages 423-431.
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Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson, Angela Brammer, Christopher Davidson, Tiina Folley, Frederic Launay & Jens ThomsenJacqueline MacDonald Gibson, Angela S. Brammer, Christopher A. Davidson, Tiina Folley, Frederic J. P. Launay & Jens T. W. Thomsen. 2013. Environmental Burden of Disease Assessment. Environmental Burden of Disease Assessment 289 306 .
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