Publication Cover
Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
An International Journal
Volume 22, 2009 - Issue 5
1,464
Views
61
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Using stressful films to analyze risk factors for PTSD in analogue experimental studies – which film works best?

, , , &
Pages 549-569 | Received 14 Mar 2008, Published online: 24 Aug 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (8)

Nadine S.J. Stirling, Reginald D.V. Nixon & Melanie K.T. Takarangi. (2023) No more than discomfort: the trauma film paradigm meets definitions of minimal-risk research. Ethics & Behavior 33:1, pages 1-17.
Read now
Eileen Krinke, Ulrike Held, Klaus Steigmiller, Kim Felmingham & Birgit Kleim. (2022) Sex hormones and cortisol during experimental trauma memory consolidation: Prospective association with intrusive memories. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 13:1.
Read now
Rie Kubota & Reginald D. V. Nixon. (2020) The effect of mindfulness training on rumination and intrusions after analogue trauma. Australian Psychologist 55:2, pages 108-120.
Read now
Felicitas Rombold-Bruehl, Christian Otte, Babette Renneberg, Anna Schmied, Frank Zimmermann-Viehoff, Katja Wingenfeld & Stefan Roepke. (2019) Lower heart rate variability at baseline is associated with more consecutive intrusive memories in an experimental distressing film paradigm. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 20:8, pages 662-667.
Read now
Andrew M. Sherrill, Christopher A. Kurby, Michelle M. Lilly & Joseph P. Magliano. (2019) The effects of state anxiety on analogue peritraumatic encoding and event memory: introducing the stressful event segmentation paradigm. Memory 27:2, pages 124-136.
Read now
Anne A. Cuperus, Fayette Klaassen, Muriel A. Hagenaars & Iris M. Engelhard. (2017) A virtual reality paradigm as an analogue to real-life trauma: its effectiveness compared with the trauma film paradigm. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 8:sup1.
Read now
Ursula M. Beer, Mark A. Neerincx, Nexhmedin Morina & Willem-Paul Brinkman. (2017) Virtual agent-mediated appraisal training: a single case series among Dutch firefighters. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 8:1.
Read now
Pauline Dibbets & Arnoud Arntz. (2016) Imagery rescripting: Is incorporation of the most aversive scenes necessary?. Memory 24:5, pages 683-695.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (53)

Ines Pandzic, Lies Notebaert, Julian Basanovic & Colin MacLeod. (2023) Examining the role of trait anxiety and attentional bias to negative information in intrusion vulnerability following an emotionally negative event. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 81, pages 101894.
Crossref
Naomi Heffer, Emma Dennie, Chris Ashwin, Karin Petrini & Anke Karl. (2023) Multisensory processing of emotional cues predicts intrusive memories after virtual reality trauma. Virtual Reality 27:3, pages 2043-2057.
Crossref
Geraldine Gvozdanovic, Sarah Schoch, Philipp Stämpfli, Erich Seifritz & Björn Rasch. (2023) Neural correlates of sleep‐induced benefits on traumatic memory processing. Human Brain Mapping 44:9, pages 3506-3518.
Crossref
Marie K. Neudert, Axel Schäfer, Raphaela I. Zehtner, Susanne Fricke, Rosa J. Seinsche, Rudolf Stark & Andrea Hermann. (2023) Decontextualized fear memories? Stronger conditioned fear responses during extinction learning and extinction recall in a safe context predict the development of long-term analog intrusions. Psychological Medicine, pages 1-10.
Crossref
Tolou Maslahati, Katja Wingenfeld, Julian Hellmann-Regen, Julia Kraft, Jing Lyu, Marie Keinert, Aline Voß, An Bin Cho, Stephan Ripke, Christian Otte, Katharina Schultebraucks & Stefan Roepke. (2023) Oxytocin vs. placebo effects on intrusive memory consolidation using a trauma film paradigm: a randomized, controlled experimental study in healthy women. Translational Psychiatry 13:1.
Crossref
Arija Birze, Kaitlyn Regehr & Cheryl Regehr. (2022) Workplace Trauma in a Digital Age: The Impact of Video Evidence of Violent Crime on Criminal Justice Professionals. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 38:1-2, pages 1654-1689.
Crossref
Tobias Kube, Irving Kirsch, Julia A. Glombiewski & Philipp Herzog. (2022) Can placebos reduce intrusive memories?. Behaviour Research and Therapy 158, pages 104197.
Crossref
Vanessa E. Hennessy, Luzia Troebinger, Georges Iskandar, Ravi K. Das & Sunjeev K. Kamboj. (2022) Accelerated forgetting of a trauma-like event in healthy men and women after a single dose of hydrocortisone. Translational Psychiatry 12:1.
Crossref
Philipp Herzog, Charlotte Barth, Winfried Rief, Eva-Lotta Brakemeier & Tobias Kube. (2022) How Expectations Shape the Formation of Intrusive Memories: An Experimental Study Using the Trauma Film Paradigm. Cognitive Therapy and Research 46:4, pages 809-826.
Crossref
Zhongyu Shi. (2022) Commentary: Virtual Reality, Real Emotions: A Novel Analogue for the Assessment of Risk Factors of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
Crossref
C.E. Hilberdink, S.R. de Rooij, M. Olff, J.A. Bosch & M. van Zuiden. (2022) Acute stress reactivity and intrusive memory development: a randomized trial using an adjusted trauma film paradigm. Psychoneuroendocrinology 139, pages 105686.
Crossref
Mitjan Morr, Jeanine Noell, Daphne Sassin, Jule Daniels, Alexandra Philipsen, Benjamin Becker, Birgit Stoffel‐Wagner, René Hurlemann & Dirk Scheele. (2022) Lonely in the Dark: Trauma Memory and Sex‐Specific Dysregulation of Amygdala Reactivity to Fear Signals. Advanced Science 9:15.
Crossref
Katharina Schultebraucks, Tolou Maslahati, Katja Wingenfeld, Julian Hellmann-Regen, Julia Kraft, Maureen Kownatzki, Behnoush Behnia, Stephan Ripke, Christian Otte & Stefan Roepke. (2021) Intranasal oxytocin administration impacts the acquisition and consolidation of trauma-associated memories: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled experimental study in healthy women. Neuropsychopharmacology 47:5, pages 1046-1054.
Crossref
Cheryl Regehr, Kaitlyn Regehr & Arija Birze. (2022) Traumatic residue, mediated remembering and video evidence of sexual violence: A case study. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 81, pages 101778.
Crossref
Melike Guzey, Julia Funk, Julia Kustermann & Thomas Ehring. (2021) The effect of concreteness training on peri-traumatic processing and intrusive memories following an analogue trauma. Behaviour Research and Therapy 147, pages 103970.
Crossref
Eline M. Voorendonk, Thomas Meyer, Sascha B. Duken & Vanessa A. van Ast. (2021) Cardiorespiratory fitness as protection against the development of memory intrusions: A prospective trauma analogue study. Biological Psychology 165, pages 108189.
Crossref
Geraldine Gvozdanovic, Erich Seifritz, Philipp Stämpfli, Antonietta Canna, Björn Rasch & Fabrizio Esposito. (2020) Experimental trauma rapidly modifies functional connectivity. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15:4, pages 2017-2030.
Crossref
Stuart M. Bender & Billy Sung. (2021) Fright, attention, and joy while killing zombies in Virtual Reality: A psychophysiological analysis of VR user experience. Psychology & Marketing 38:6, pages 937-947.
Crossref
Grace Baptie, Jackie Andrade, Alison M. Bacon & Alyson Norman. (2021) Virtually renovating the Trauma Film Paradigm: Comparing virtual reality with on-screen presentation of an analogue trauma. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 15:1.
Crossref
Stuart Marshall Bender & Mick BroderickStuart Marshall Bender & Mick Broderick. 2021. Virtual Realities. Virtual Realities 171 196 .
Marena Siegesleitner, Miriam Strohm, Charlotte E. Wittekind, Thomas Ehring & Anna E. Kunze. (2020) Improving imagery rescripting treatments: Comparing an active versus passive approach. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 69, pages 101578.
Crossref
Niels Peter Nielsen, Sinué Salgado & Dorthe Berntsen. (2020) Using Virtual Reality to Examine Emotional Hotspots and Intrusions in the Trauma Film Paradigm. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition 9:3, pages 370-380.
Crossref
Pauline Dibbets. (2020) A novel virtual reality paradigm: Predictors for stress-related intrusions and avoidance behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 67, pages 101449.
Crossref
Marcus Grueschow, Iva Jelezarova, Maren Westphal, Ulrike Ehlert & Birgit Kleim. (2020) Emotional conflict adaptation predicts intrusive memories. PLOS ONE 15:2, pages e0225573.
Crossref
Caroline R. Amoroso, Eleanor K. Hanna, Kevin S. LaBar, Jana Schaich Borg, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong & Nancy L. Zucker. (2019) Disgust Theory Through the Lens of Psychiatric Medicine. Clinical Psychological Science 8:1, pages 3-24.
Crossref
Geraldine Gvozdanovic, Philipp Stämpfli, Erich Seifritz & Björn Rasch. (2019) Structural brain differences predict early traumatic memory processing. Psychophysiology 57:1.
Crossref
Thomas Meyer, Nessa Ikani & Nexhmedin Morina. (2019) Spatio-temporal associations with memory cues are linked to analogue traumatic intrusions. Behaviour Research and Therapy 123, pages 103481.
Crossref
Anna E. Jaffe, Christina M. Harris & David DiLillo. (2019) Observing Alcohol Myopia in the Context of a Trauma Film Paradigm: Differential Recall of Central and Peripheral Details. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 43:10, pages 2203-2211.
Crossref
Juliane Sachschal, Elizabeth Woodward, Julia M. Wichelmann, Katharina Haag & Anke Ehlers. (2019) Differential Effects of Poor Recall and Memory Disjointedness on Trauma Symptoms. Clinical Psychological Science 7:5, pages 1032-1041.
Crossref
Kevin van Schie, Suzanne C. van Veen & Muriel A. Hagenaars. (2019) The effects of dual-tasks on intrusive memories following analogue trauma. Behaviour Research and Therapy 120, pages 103448.
Crossref
Marena Siegesleitner, Miriam Strohm, Charlotte E. Wittekind, Thomas Ehring & Anna E. Kunze. (2019) Effects of imagery rescripting on consolidated memories of an aversive film. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 62, pages 22-29.
Crossref
T. Schweizer, Fritz Renner, Dali Sun, Christian Becker-Asano & Brunna Tuschen-Caffier. (2018) Cognitive Processing and Regulation Modulates Analogue Trauma Symptoms in a Virtual Reality Paradigm. Cognitive Therapy and Research 43:1, pages 199-213.
Crossref
Felicitas Rombold-Bruehl, Christian Otte, Babette Renneberg, Julian Hellmann-Regen, Linda Bruch, Katja Wingenfeld & Stefan Roepke. (2018) Impact of stress response systems on forced choice recognition in an experimental trauma film paradigm. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 156, pages 45-52.
Crossref
Bunmi O. Olatunji, Qianqian Fan & Kate Wolitzky-Taylor. (2018) Anxiety sensitivity and post-traumatic stress reactions: Effects of time-varying intrusive thoughts and associated distress. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 61, pages 113-120.
Crossref
Sebastian Trautmann, Magdalena Reineboth, Katharina Trikojat, Jan Richter, Muriel A. Hagenaars, Philipp Kanske & Judith Schäfer. (2018) Susceptibility to others' emotions moderates immediate self-reported and biological stress responses to witnessing trauma. Behaviour Research and Therapy 110, pages 55-63.
Crossref
Tina Schweizer, Fritz Renner, Dali Sun, Birgit Kleim, Emily A. Holmes & Brunna Tuschen-Caffier. (2018) Psychophysiological reactivity, coping behaviour and intrusive memories upon multisensory Virtual Reality and Script-Driven Imagery analogue trauma: A randomised controlled crossover study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 59, pages 42-52.
Crossref
Sebastian Trautmann, Anja Kräplin, Raoul Dieterich, Jan Richter & Markus Muehlhan. (2018) The role of childhood trauma and stress reactivity for increased alcohol craving after induced psychological trauma: an experimental analogue study. Psychopharmacology 235:10, pages 2883-2895.
Crossref
Laura Elise Seebauer, Eva Naumann, Anneke Jacobs, Myriam Thier & Gitta A. Jacob. (2018) Is It Possible to Enhance Intensity in Guided Imagery Exercises? An Experimental Study. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 32:1, pages 38-48.
Crossref
Judith Schäfer, Ariel Zvielli, Michael Höfler, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen & Amit Bernstein. (2018) Trauma, attentional dysregulation, and the development of posttraumatic stress: An investigation of risk pathways. Behaviour Research and Therapy 102, pages 60-66.
Crossref
Inna Arnaudova & Muriel A. Hagenaars. (2017) Lights … action: Comparison of trauma films for use in the trauma film paradigm. Behaviour Research and Therapy 93, pages 67-77.
Crossref
Geraldine A. Gvozdanovic, Philipp Stämpfli, Erich Seifritz & Björn Rasch. (2017) Neural correlates of experimental trauma memory retrieval. Human Brain Mapping.
Crossref
Felicitas Rombold, Katja Wingenfeld, Babette Renneberg, Friederike Schwarzkopf, Julian Hellmann-Regen, Christian Otte & Stefan Roepke. (2016) Impact of exogenous cortisol on the formation of intrusive memories in healthy women. Journal of Psychiatric Research 83, pages 71-78.
Crossref
F. Rombold, K. Wingenfeld, B. Renneberg, J. Hellmann-Regen, C. Otte & S. Roepke. (2016) Influence of the noradrenergic system on the formation of intrusive memories in women: an experimental approach with a trauma film paradigm. Psychological Medicine 46:12, pages 2523-2534.
Crossref
Ella L. James, Alex Lau-Zhu, Ian A. Clark, Renée M. Visser, Muriel A. Hagenaars & Emily A. Holmes. (2016) The trauma film paradigm as an experimental psychopathology model of psychological trauma: intrusive memories and beyond. Clinical Psychology Review 47, pages 106-142.
Crossref
Bunmi O. Olatunji & Qianqian Fan. (2015) Anxiety sensitivity and post-traumatic stress reactions: Evidence for intrusions and physiological arousal as mediating and moderating mechanisms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 34, pages 76-85.
Crossref
Anna E. Kunze, Arnoud Arntz & Merel Kindt. (2015) Fear conditioning with film clips: A complex associative learning paradigm. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 47, pages 42-50.
Crossref
Pauline Dibbets & Michel A. Schulte-Ostermann. (2015) Virtual reality, real emotions: a novel analogue for the assessment of risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder. Frontiers in Psychology 6.
Crossref
Thomas Meyer, Conny W. E. M. Quaedflieg, Timo Giesbrecht, Ewout H. Meijer, Schahrasad Abiad & Tom Smeets. (2014) Frontal EEG asymmetry as predictor of physiological responses to aversive memories. Psychophysiology 51:9, pages 853-865.
Crossref
Anja Schaich, Edward R. Watkins & Thomas Ehring. (2013) Can concreteness training buffer against the negative effects of rumination on PTSD? An experimental analogue study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 44:4, pages 396-403.
Crossref
Nexhmedin Morina, Eilika Leibold & Thomas Ehring. (2013) Vividness of general mental imagery is associated with the occurrence of intrusive memories. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 44:2, pages 221-226.
Crossref
David G. Pearson. (2012) Contextual representations increase analogue traumatic intrusions: Evidence against a dual-representation account of peri-traumatic processing. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 43:4, pages 1026-1031.
Crossref
Birgit Kleim, Thomas Ehring, Corinna Scheel, Christian Becker-Asano, Bernhard Nebel & Brunna Tuschen-Caffier. (2012) Bewältigungsverhalten in Notfallsituationen aus klinisch-psychologischer Perspektive. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 41:3, pages 166-179.
Crossref
David G. Pearson, Fiona D.C. Ross & Victoria L. Webster. (2012) The importance of context: Evidence that contextual representations increase intrusive memories. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 43:1, pages 573-580.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.