847
Views
85
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A Review of Thimerosal (Merthiolate) and its Ethylmercury Breakdown Product: Specific Historical Considerations Regarding Safety and Effectiveness

, &
Pages 575-596 | Published online: 28 Nov 2007

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (7)

Damiano Cirri, Lorenzo Chiaverini, Alessandro Pratesi & Tiziano Marzo. (2022) Is the Next Cisplatin Already in Our Laboratory?. Comments on Inorganic Chemistry 0:0, pages 1-14.
Read now
Emily Loison & Marie-Lise Gougeon. (2014) Thimerosal compromises human dendritic cell maturation, IL-12 production, chemokine release, and T-helper polarization. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 10:8, pages 2328-2335.
Read now
Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro, Christudas Morais, Fernando Barbosa$suffix/text()$suffix/text() & Glenda Carolyn Gobe. (2013) Thimerosal in childhood vaccines contributes to accumulating mercury toxicity in the kidney. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 95:8, pages 1424-1447.
Read now
Helen V. Ratajczak. (2011) Theoretical aspects of autism: Causes—A review. Journal of Immunotoxicology 8:1, pages 68-79.
Read now
Janet K. Kern, David A. Geier, Françoise Ayzac, James B. Adams, Jyutika A. Mehta & Mark R. Geier. (2011) Toxicity biomarkers among US children compared to a similar cohort in France: a blinded study measuring urinary porphyrins. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 93:2, pages 396-405.
Read now
David W. Austin, Kerrie A. Shandley & Enzo A. Palombo. (2010) Mercury in Vaccines from the Australian Childhood Immunization Program Schedule. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 73:10, pages 637-640.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (78)

Yurong Wu, Yuxiang Mao, Guangliang Liu, Yanbin Li, Yingying Guo, Yanwei Liu, Yongguang Yin, Yong Cai & Guibin Jiang. (2023) Analytical Methods, Occurrence, Fate, and Toxicity of Ethylmercury in the Environment: Review and Outlook. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 261:1.
Crossref
Maria Eduarda Andrade Galiciolli, Juliana Ferreira Silva, Maritana Mela Prodocimo, Henrique Aparecido Laureano, Sabrina Loise de Morais Calado, Claudia Sirlene Oliveira & Izonete Cristina Guiloski. (2023) Toxicological Effects of Thimerosal and Aluminum in the Liver, Kidney, and Brain of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Metabolites 13:9, pages 975.
Crossref
Malarvizhi K., Vedha Hari B. N., Rajalakshmi P., Devaraj S. & Ramyadevi Durai. (2023) Analytical insights into the detoxification process and characterization of a traditional metallopharmaceutical formulation. RSC Medicinal Chemistry 14:6, pages 1143-1157.
Crossref
Aliasghar Rahimian, Mostafa Lakzaei, Hooman Askari, Sajad Dostdari, Abolfazl Khafri & Mahdi Aminian. (2023) In vitro assessment of Thimerosal cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 77, pages 127129.
Crossref
Aikaterini Kyritsi, Anna Tagka, Alexandros Stratigos, Maria Pesli, Polyxeni Lagiokapa & Vangelis Karalis. 2023. GeNeDis 2022. GeNeDis 2022 145 155 .
Simon D. P. Baugh. (2022) Guanidine-Containing Antifungal Agents against Human-Relevant Fungal Pathogens (2004–2022)—A Review. Journal of Fungi 8:10, pages 1085.
Crossref
Jarol R. Miranda-Andrades, Marlin J. Pedrozo-Penãfiel, Joseane A. Mendes & Ricardo Queiroz Aucelio. (2022) Thiomersal determination in vaccines using graphene quantum dots-TiO2 nanocomposite to promote temporally selective photo-production of Hg cold vapor. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 194, pages 106477.
Crossref
Vahide Alipour, Ramin Shabani, Farhad Rahmani-Nia, Salar Vaseghi, Mohammad Nasehi & Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast. (2022) Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Social Behavior in Rats Exposed to Thimerosal with Respect to the Hippocampal Level of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 72:6, pages 1345-1357.
Crossref
Victor M. Miranda. (2022) Medicinal inorganic chemistry: an updated review on the status of metallodrugs and prominent metallodrug candidates. Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 42:1, pages 29-52.
Crossref
Maria Yu. Zakharova, Alexandra A. Kuznetsova, Victoria I. Uvarova, Anastasiia D. Fomina, Liubov I. Kozlovskaya, Elena N. Kaliberda, Inna N. Kurbatskaia, Ivan V. Smirnov, Anatoly A. Bulygin, Vera D. Knorre, Olga S. Fedorova, Alexandre Varnek, Dmitry I. Osolodkin, Aydar A. Ishmukhametov, Alexey M. Egorov, Alexander G. Gabibov & Nikita A. Kuznetsov. (2021) Pre-Steady-State Kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease as a Powerful Tool for Antiviral Drug Discovery. Frontiers in Pharmacology 12.
Crossref
Pouria Navazani, Salar Vaseghi, Mehrdad Hashemi, Mohammad-Reza Shafaati & Mohammad Nasehi. (2021) Effects of Treadmill Exercise on the Expression Level of BAX, BAD, BCL-2, BCL-XL, TFAM, and PGC-1α in the Hippocampus of Thimerosal-Treated Rats. Neurotoxicity Research 39:4, pages 1274-1284.
Crossref
Camila Coelho, Gloria Gallo, Claudia B. Campos, Leon Hardy & Martin Würtele. (2020) Biochemical screening for SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. PLOS ONE 15:10, pages e0240079.
Crossref
Janet K. Kern, David A. Geier, Kristin G. Homme & Mark R. Geier. (2020) Examining the evidence that ethylmercury crosses the blood-brain barrier. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 74, pages 103312.
Crossref
Siyi Chen, Xiaofen Huang, Yike Li, Xin Wang, Huirong Pan, Zhijie Lin, Qingbing Zheng, Shaowei Li, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia & Qinjian Zhao. (2019) Altered antigenicity and immunogenicity of human papillomavirus virus-like particles in the presence of thimerosal. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 141, pages 221-231.
Crossref
William Henderson, Jesse C. Thomas, Obinna C. Okpareke & Edward R.T. Tiekink. (2019) Synthesis, structural and mass spectrometric investigations of pyridinium bis(thiosalicylato)mercurate(II). Inorganica Chimica Acta 490, pages 104-111.
Crossref
Dandan Cao, Bin He & Yongguang Yin. (2018) Acute and Sublethal Effects of Ethylmercury Chloride on Chinese Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus): Accumulation, Elimination, and Histological Changes. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 102:5, pages 708-713.
Crossref
Dandan Cao, Yongguang Yin & Bin He. (2019) Speciation of organomercury compounds by capillary electrophoresis with pre-column derivatization and on-line stacking. Chinese Chemical Letters 30:3, pages 650-652.
Crossref
David Geier, Janet Kern & Mark Geier. (2018) Premature Puberty and Thimerosal-Containing Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Case-Control Study in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Toxics 6:4, pages 67.
Crossref
Qi Xu, Zhenhua Wang, Linghe Jin, Peng Liu, Yuan Tian, Shengxiao Zhang & Changqiao Zhang. (2018) Non-chromatographic separation and determination of thimerosal and inorganic mercury in vaccines by Fe 3+ -induced degradation with cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry . Analytical Methods 10:18, pages 2144-2150.
Crossref
Jarol R. Miranda-Andrades, Sarzamin Khan, Carlos A.T. Toloza, Eric C. Romani, Fernando L. Freire Júnior & Ricardo Q. Aucelio. (2017) Thiomersal photo-degradation with visible light mediated by graphene quantum dots: Indirect quantification using optical multipath mercury cold-vapor absorption spectrophotometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 138, pages 81-89.
Crossref
Mirna Ochoa-Lugo, Javiera Cervini-Silva, María de Lourdes Muñoz, Eduardo Palacios, Gerardo Pérez-Ramirez, Eduardo Ramos-Cruz, Ascención Montoya & Arturo Romano-Pacheco. (2017) The effect of depositional conditions on mineral transformation, chemical composition, and preservation of organic material in archaeological Hg-enriched bone remains. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 15, pages 213-218.
Crossref
Elisabetta Chellini, Maria Teresa Maurello, Barbara Cortini & Cristina Aprea. (2017) Human bio-monitoring study around a plant that recycles and refines precious metals in Central Italy. Science of The Total Environment 584-585, pages 348-354.
Crossref
Janet K. Kern, David A. Geier, Kristin G. Homme, Paul G. King, Geir Bjørklund, Salvatore Chirumbolo & Mark R. Geier. (2017) Developmental neurotoxicants and the vulnerable male brain: a systematic review of suspected neurotoxicants that disproportionally affect males. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 77:4, pages 269-296.
Crossref
Xiaoping Wei, Ting Wu, Yali Yuan, Xionghui Ma & Jianping Li. (2017) Highly sensitive analysis of organometallic compounds based on molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors. Analytical Methods 9:11, pages 1771-1778.
Crossref
Natascia Guida, Giusy Laudati, Luigi Mascolo, Ornella Cuomo, Serenella Anzilotti, Rossana Sirabella, Marianna Santopaolo, Mario Galgani, Paolo Montuori, Gianfranco Di Renzo, Lorella M.T. Canzoniero & Luigi Formisano. (2016) MC1568 Inhibits Thimerosal-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death by Preventing HDAC4 Up-Regulation in Neuronal Cells and in Rat Prefrontal Cortex. Toxicological Sciences 154:2, pages 227-240.
Crossref
Ji-Yoon Choi, Nam-Hee Won, Jung-Duck Park, Sinae Jang, Chi-Yong Eom, Yongseok Choi, Young In Park & Mi-Sook Dong. (2016) From the Cover: Ethylmercury-Induced Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Autophagic Cell Death: Involvement of Autophagosome–Lysosome Fusion Arrest. Toxicological Sciences 154:1, pages 27-42.
Crossref
Iman Al-Saleh, Rola Elkhatib, Reem Al-Rouqi, Mai Abduljabbar, Chafica Eltabache, Tahreer Al-Rajudi & Michael Nester. (2016) Alterations in biochemical markers due to mercury (Hg) exposure and its influence on infant's neurodevelopment. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 219:8, pages 898-914.
Crossref
Gimena Acosta, Sabier Torres, Marcos Kaplan, Liliana P. Fernández, Pablo H. Pacheco & Raúl A. Gil. (2016) Liquid chromatography coupled to molecular fluorescence with postcolumn UV sensitization for thimerosal and derivative compounds monitoring in environmental samples. ELECTROPHORESIS 37:19, pages 2531-2537.
Crossref
Tobias Wehr-Candler & William Henderson. (2016) Coordination chemistry of the thiosalicylate ligand. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 313, pages 111-155.
Crossref
Julia Pletz, Francisco Sánchez-Bayo & Henk A. Tennekes. (2016) Dose-response analysis indicating time-dependent neurotoxicity caused by organic and inorganic mercury—Implications for toxic effects in the developing brain. Toxicology 347-349, pages 1-5.
Crossref
Robert Piech, Jolanta Wymazała, Joanna Smajdor & Beata Paczosa-Bator. (2016) Thiomersal determination on a renewable mercury film silver-based electrode using adsorptive striping voltammetry. Analytical Methods 8:5, pages 1187-1193.
Crossref
Kevin Yurkerwich, Patrick J. Quinlivan, Yi Rong & Gerard Parkin. (2016) Phenylselenolate mercury alkyl compounds, PhSeHgMe and PhSeHgEt: Molecular structures, protolytic Hg–C bond cleavage and phenylselenolate exchange. Polyhedron 103, pages 307-314.
Crossref
Iman Al-Saleh, Michael Nester, Mai Abduljabbar, Reem Al-Rouqi, Chafica Eltabache, Tahreer Al-Rajudi & Rola Elkhatib. (2016) Mercury (Hg) exposure and its effects on Saudi breastfed infant's neurodevelopment. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 219:1, pages 129-141.
Crossref
. 2016. Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs 844 852 .
Iman Al-Saleh, Mai Abduljabbar, Reem Al-Rouqi, Chafica Eltabache, Tahreer Al-Rajudi, Rola Elkhatib & Michael Nester. (2015) The extent of mercury (Hg) exposure among Saudi mothers and their respective infants. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187:11.
Crossref
Orlando Yepsen, David Contreras, Paola Santander, Jorge Yáñez, Héctor D. Mansilla & Dulasiri Amarasiriwardena. (2015) Photocatalytic degradation of thimerosal in human vaccine's residues and mercury speciation of degradation by-products. Microchemical Journal 121, pages 41-47.
Crossref
David A. Geier, Paul G. King, Brian S. Hooker, José G. Dórea, Janet K. Kern, Lisa K. Sykes & Mark R. Geier. (2015) Thimerosal: Clinical, epidemiologic and biochemical studies. Clinica Chimica Acta 444, pages 212-220.
Crossref
Gimena Acosta, Adrián Spisso, Liliana P. Fernández, Luis D. Martinez, Pablo H. Pacheco & Raúl A. Gil. (2015) Determination of thimerosal in pharmaceutical industry effluents and river waters by HPLC coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry through post-column UV-assisted vapor generation. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 106, pages 79-84.
Crossref
David A. Geier, Janet K. Kern, Paul G. King, Lisa K. Sykes & Mark R. Geier. (2014) A Case-Control Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Thimerosal-Containing Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine Administration and the Risk for a Pervasive Developmental Disorder Diagnosis in the United States. Biological Trace Element Research 163:1-2, pages 28-38.
Crossref
José Dórea. (2015) Exposure to Mercury and Aluminum in Early Life: Developmental Vulnerability as a Modifying Factor in Neurologic and Immunologic Effects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12:2, pages 1295-1313.
Crossref
David A. Geier, Janet K. Kern, Brian S. Hooker, Paul G. King, Lisa K. Sykes & Mark R. Geier. (2015) A longitudinal cohort study of the relationship between Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccination and specific delays in development in the United States: Assessment of attributable risk and lifetime care costs. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 6:2, pages 105.
Crossref
Jochen Lach, Alexander Jeremies, Daniel Breite, Bernd Abel, Benjamin Mahns, Martin Knupfer, Vitaly Matulis, Oleg A. Ivashkevich & Berthold Kersting. (2014) Encapsulation of the 4-Mercaptobenzoate Ligand by Macrocyclic Metal Complexes: Conversion of a Metallocavitand to a Metalloligand. Inorganic Chemistry 53:20, pages 10825-10834.
Crossref
Emily Loison, Béatrice Poirier-Beaudouin, Valérie Seffer, Audrey Paoletti, Vered Abitbol, Eric Tartour, Odile Launay & Marie-Lise Gougeon. (2014) Suppression by Thimerosal of Ex-Vivo CD4+ T Cell Response to Influenza Vaccine and Induction of Apoptosis in Primary Memory T Cells. PLoS ONE 9:4, pages e92705.
Crossref
Huina Zhang, Han Wu, Changjun Wang, Jiajun Xie, Jinjing He, Jun Yang & Juan Ye. (2014) Acute exposure to thimerosal induces antiproliferative properties, apoptosis, and autophagy activation in human Chang conjunctival cells. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 252:2, pages 275-284.
Crossref
Brian Hooker, Janet Kern, David Geier, Boyd Haley, Lisa Sykes, Paul King & Mark Geier. (2014) Methodological Issues and Evidence of Malfeasance in Research Purporting to Show Thimerosal in Vaccines Is Safe. BioMed Research International 2014, pages 1-8.
Crossref
Mark Geier, Janet K. Kern, Paul G. King, Lisa Sykes & David A. Geier. 2014. Comprehensive Guide to Autism. Comprehensive Guide to Autism 1411 1432 .
Janet Kern, Boyd Haley, David Geier, Lisa Sykes, Paul King & Mark Geier. (2013) Thimerosal Exposure and the Role of Sulfation Chemistry and Thiol Availability in Autism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10:8, pages 3771-3800.
Crossref
Samuel A. Siles, Anand Srinivasan, Christopher G. Pierce, José L. Lopez-Ribot & Anand K. Ramasubramanian. (2013) High-Throughput Screening of a Collection of Known Pharmacologically Active Small Compounds for Identification of Candida albicans Biofilm Inhibitors. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57:8, pages 3681-3687.
Crossref
Regina L. Hutchings, Surinder M. Singh, Javier Cabello-Villegas & Krishna M.G. Mallela. (2013) Effect of Antimicrobial Preservatives on Partial Protein Unfolding and Aggregation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 102:2, pages 365-376.
Crossref
Mônica P. L. Cunha, José G. Dórea, Rejane C. Marques & Renata S. Leão. (2013) Vaccine Adverse Events Reported during the First Ten Years (1998–2008) after Introduction in the State of Rondonia, Brazil. BioMed Research International 2013, pages 1-6.
Crossref
Martyn A. Sharpe, Taylor L. Gist & David S. Baskin. (2013) B-Lymphocytes from a Population of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Siblings Exhibit Hypersensitivity to Thimerosal. Journal of Toxicology 2013, pages 1-11.
Crossref
Kevin Woodward & Kevin WoodwardK. N. Woodward. 2012. Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans. Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans 248 272 .
Il-Hoon Cho, Jin-Woo Jeon, Sung-Ho Paek, Dong-Hyung Kim, Hee-Sung Shin, Un-Hwan Ha, Sung-Kyu Seo & Se-Hwan Paek. (2012) Toll-Like Receptor-Based Immuno-Analysis of Pathogenic Microorganisms. Analytical Chemistry 84:22, pages 9713-9720.
Crossref
Wen-Xue Li, Si-Fan Chen, Li-Ping Chen, Guang-Yu Yang, Jun-Tao Li, Hua-Zhang Liu & Wei Zhu. (2012) Thimerosal-Induced Apoptosis in Mouse C2C12 Myoblast Cells Occurs through Suppression of the PI3K/Akt/Survivin Pathway. PLoS ONE 7:11, pages e49064.
Crossref
Asma Fredj, Hafidha Okbi, Nafaa Adhoum & Lotfi Monser. (2012) Gas diffusion flow injection determination of thiomersal in vaccines. Talanta 91, pages 47-51.
Crossref
Fabrizio Carta, Daniela Vullo, Alfonso Maresca, Andrea Scozzafava & Claudiu T. Supuran. (2012) New chemotypes acting as isozyme-selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with low affinity for the offtarget cytosolic isoform II. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 22:6, pages 2182-2185.
Crossref
Qingju Wu, Zhenli Zhu, Zhifu Liu, Hongtao Zheng, Shenghong Hu & Libo Li. (2012) Dielectric barrier discharge-plasma induced vaporization for the determination of thiomersal in vaccines by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 27:3, pages 496.
Crossref
Thomas P. Moyer. 2012. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics 1189 1205 .
Wei-Chuan Liao, Chiang-Ting Chou, Chun-Chi Kuo, Chih-Chuan Pan, Daih-Huang Kuo, Pochuen Shieh, Jin-Shiung Cheng, Chung-Ren Jan & Chen-Fu Shaw. (2011) Effect of thimerosal on Ca2+ movement and apoptosis in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Drug Development Research 72:4, pages 330-336.
Crossref
Lars Barregard, Dinko Rekić, Milena Horvat, Lisa Elmberg, Thomas Lundh & Olof Zachrisson. (2011) Toxicokinetics of Mercury after Long-Term Repeated Exposure to Thimerosal-Containing Vaccine. Toxicological Sciences 120:2, pages 499-506.
Crossref
Rasmus Janzen, Miriam Schwarzer, Michael Sperling, Martin Vogel, Tanja Schwerdtle & Uwe Karst. (2011) Adduct formation of Thimerosal with human and rat hemoglobin: a study using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-TOF-MS). Metallomics 3:8, pages 847.
Crossref
Palani Arudra, Yves Nguiffo-Podie, Eric Frost & Jan J. Dubowski. (2010) Decomposition of Thimerosal and Dynamics of Thiosalicylic Acid Attachment on GaAs(001) Surface Observed with in Situ Photoluminescence. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114:32, pages 13657-13662.
Crossref
Camille Migdal, Lucie Foggia, Magalie Tailhardat, Pascal Courtellemont, Marek Haftek & Mireille Serres. (2010) Sensitization effect of thimerosal is mediated in vitro via reactive oxygen species and calcium signaling. Toxicology 274:1-3, pages 1-9.
Crossref
Swaran J.S. Flora & Vidhu Pachauri. (2010) Chelation in Metal Intoxication. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7:7, pages 2745-2788.
Crossref
Karine Audouze, Agnieszka Sierakowska Juncker, Francisco J. S. S. A. Roque, Konrad Krysiak-Baltyn, Nils Weinhold, Olivier Taboureau, Thomas Skøt Jensen & Søren Brunak. (2010) Deciphering Diseases and Biological Targets for Environmental Chemicals using Toxicogenomics Networks. PLoS Computational Biology 6:5, pages e1000788.
Crossref
Takeshi Minami, Eriko Miyata, Yamato Sakamoto, Hideo Yamazaki & Seiji Ichida. (2009) Induction of metallothionein in mouse cerebellum and cerebrum with low-dose thimerosal injection. Cell Biology and Toxicology 26:2, pages 143-152.
Crossref
Wilson Mayrink, Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares, Rosangela Barbosa de Deus, Melina Barros Pinheiro, Tânia Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães, Hélida Monteiro de Andrade, Carlos Alberto da Costa & Vicente de Paulo Coelho Peixoto de Toledo. (2010) Comparative evaluation of phenol and thimerosal as preservatives for a candidate vaccine against American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 105:1, pages 86-91.
Crossref
John S Thayer, Richard O Jenkins, Chris F Harrington, Stephen W Ragsdale, Mishtu Dey, Tamas Gajda, Henry G Abadin, Hana R Pohl, Kenneth J Reimer, Elke Dopp, Andrew D Kligerman, Roland A Diaz-Bone, Montserrat Filella, Dirk Wallschlager, Jorg Feldmann, Holger Hintelmann, Alfred V Hirner, Albert V Rettenmeier, Bernhard Kraeutler, Rowena G Matthews, Rudolf K Thauer, Paul A Lindahl, Juan C Fontecilla Camps, John W Peters, Thomas Brunold, Mario Rivera, Kenneth D Karlin, Martha E Sosa-Torres & Russ HilleJohn S. Thayer. 2010. Organometallics in Environment and Toxicology. Organometallics in Environment and Toxicology 1 32 .
Gijsbert B. van der Voet. 2010. Side Effects of Drugs Annual 32 - A worldwide yearly survey of new data and trends in adverse drug reactions and interactions. Side Effects of Drugs Annual 32 - A worldwide yearly survey of new data and trends in adverse drug reactions and interactions 413 423 .
Alex Golberg, Michael Belkin & Boris Rubinsky. (2009) Irreversible Electroporation for Microbial Control of Drugs in Solution. AAPS PharmSciTech 10:3.
Crossref
Erika Hashimoto, Toshihisa B. Oyama, Keisuke Oyama, Yumiko Nishimura, Tomohiro M. Oyama, Toshiko Ueha-Ishibashi, Yoshiro Okano & Yasuo Oyama. (2009) Increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration by thimerosal in rat thymocytes: Intracellular Zn2+ release induced by oxidative stress. Toxicology in Vitro 23:6, pages 1092-1099.
Crossref
Takeshi Minami, Eriko Miyata, Yamato Sakamoto, Azusa Kohama, Hideo Yamazaki & Seiji Ichida. (2009) Expression of metallothionein mRNAs on mouse cerebellum microglia cells by thimerosal and its metabolites. Toxicology 261:1-2, pages 25-32.
Crossref
LN Kuo, CJ Huang, YC Fang, CC Huang, JL Wang, KL Lin, ST Chu, HT Chang, JM Chien, HH Su, CC Chi, WC Chen, JY Tsai, WC Liao, LL Tseng & CR Jan. (2009) Effect of thimerosal on Ca2+ movement and viability in human oral cancer cells. Human & Experimental Toxicology 28:5, pages 301-308.
Crossref
Donald R. Branch. (2009) Gender-selective toxicity of thimerosal. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 61:2, pages 133-136.
Crossref
Wesley Sattler, Kevin Yurkerwich & Gerard Parkin. (2009) Molecular structures of protonated and mercurated derivatives of thimerosal. Dalton Transactions:22, pages 4327.
Crossref
Travis Rush, Julie Hjelmhaug & Doug Lobner. (2009) Effects of chelators on mercury, iron, and lead neurotoxicity in cortical culture. NeuroToxicology 30:1, pages 47-51.
Crossref
Heather A. Young, David A. Geier & Mark R. Geier. (2008) Thimerosal exposure in infants and neurodevelopmental disorders: An assessment of computerized medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 271:1-2, pages 110-118.
Crossref
Jonathan G. Melnick, Kevin Yurkerwich, Daniela Buccella, Wesley Sattler & Gerard Parkin. (2008) Molecular Structures of Thimerosal (Merthiolate) and Other Arylthiolate Mercury Alkyl Compounds. Inorganic Chemistry 47:14, pages 6421-6426.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.